非谓语动词专题讲解

非谓语 非谓语 不能单独做谓语 但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式 非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外 可以承担句子的 任何成分 一 一 不定式与动名词做主语不定式与动名词做主语 1 动名词做主语往往表示普通的 一般习惯的行为 不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为 例句 Reading English is really a great fun To read english this morning will take most of my time 2 形式主语 it 的运用 1 不定式做主语 谓语用单数 往往用 it 做形式主语 把不定式放在谓语后面 例句 To finish the job took us two hours It took us two hours to finish the job 注 在不定式做主语的被动语态句子中 必须用形式主语 it 例句 it was decided to go for a picnic tomorrow 2 It is adj of for sb to do sth 当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词构成系表结构时 用 of 否则用 for 例句 It s very nice of you to help us It s impossible for us to defeat the boss 3 用动名词做主语的句型 It is was no good use useless fun doing sth It s worth while doing 例句 It s no use cry over spilt milk 覆水难收 it 用法远不止这几个后面会有补充 3 成分对称 主语和表语都是非谓语动词时 应保持形式上一致 例句 To see is to believe Seeing is believing 眼见为实 4 There be no ving 例句 There is no parking around here No smoking please 练习题 It is hard his mind to change It is fun with a foreign man talking There is no what will happen telling I like this novel this morning to read 二 做表语二 做表语 1 不定式做表语表具体个别的动作或有将来的含义 例句 My wish is to become a famous writer 2 现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征 表主动 interesting amusing disappointing puzzling exciting 等 进行时表 示正在进行的动作 例句 i am teaching the child to swim when you passed by The story is amusing 令人 的 3 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态 例句 The shop is closed The door was closed by the wind 4 注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同 其实这些都是使役动词 interest surprise frighten excite tire please puzzle satisfy amuse disappoint inspire worry The book is interesting The news is surprising The story is fritenting He is fritented After hearing the exciting news he gave a speech in an excited voice 练习题 The problem is puzzling The village is by mountains surrounded She is at the news surprised 三 做宾语三 做宾语 1 只能用动名词做宾语的动词 a 考虑建议盼原谅 cosider suggest advise look forward to doing excuse parden b 承认推辞没得想 admit delay put off fancy c 避免错过继续练 avoid miss keep keep on practice e 否认完成就欣赏 deny finish enjoy appreciate f 禁止想象才冒险 forbid imagine risk g 不禁介意准逃亡 can t help mind allow permit escape 此外 be used to lead to devote to go back to object to get done to pay attention to can t stand give up feel like insist on thank you for apologize for be busy in have difficulty trouble in have a good wonderful hard time in spend time in 等动词词组后面也加 doing 2 跟动名词或不定式做宾语 有区别的 1 like love prefer 后接动名词 表经常性的行为 接不定式 表具体的某次行为 如前有 would should 则后接不定式 但 feel like 只接动名词做宾语 例句 I like swimming but I don t like to swim this afternoon 2 在 allow advise forbid permit 后 如后有名词或代词做宾语 则用不定式做宾补 即 allow advise forbid permit doing sth sb to do sth 例句 We don t allow smoking in the hall We allow you to smoke here 3 当 need require want 做 需要 讲时 其后必接 to be done 被动态 或 ving 此时 ving 也表被动意义 表事情需要被做 want need require 动名词主动式 want need require 不定式被动式 即 need want require 需要 to be done doing sb to do sth 例句 The window needs want requires to be cleaned cleaning 4 worth 后必须接动名词主动形式表被动 即 be worth 名词 doing be worthy to be done be worthy of 名词 being done 例句 The place is worth visiting The place is worthy to be visited The place is worthy of a visit being visited 5 在介词 but other than 之后的不定式 如介词前有 do 则不定式省略 to 否则就带 to 例句 We could do nothing but other than wait He had no choice but to wait 另接不定式省略 to 的有 can t choose but can t help but 只好 can t but had better would rather Eg He cannot choose but stay on You had better come here on time I would rather stay than otherwise 6 当不定式做动词 tell show understand teach discuss wonder find out 等词宾语时 前常带引导词 how what whether why who 等 to do 但 why 不带 to 的不定式 例句 I don t know what to do Can you tell me why do it 练习题 1 I can hardly imagine Peter sail across the Atlantic 2 I would appreciate your call back this afternoon 3 The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief catch 4 She didn t remember meet him before 5 We have always deeply regretted sell the house 6 The dictionary can t help learn the language 7 When do you plan to leave I mean leave tomorrow 8 He would like sing this song now 9 Do you feel like have a cup of tea 10 The extra money allow us buy a car 11 This book is worth read 12 This book is worthy of read 13 All cars require service regularly 14 I wonder how solve this problem 15 What we can do but sit and wait 16 If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week better forget it you have got some big bills coming 四 做宾补四 做宾补 1 感官动词 see watch observe look at hear listen to notice 等和使役动词 have 后情况 1 主动时 do 原型表完成 现在分词 doing 表正在进行 例句 I heard her sing an English song just now I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room 2 被动时 ved 过去分词表完成或没有一定的时间性 being done 表正在进行 例句 I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room I want to have my hair cut 2 使役动词 let 后 主动时 用动原 do 被动时用 be 过去分词 例句 Don t let your child play with matches Let there be no mistake about it Let the work be done immediately 3 leave 后接非谓语动词做宾补时 意为 使 处于某种状态 Leave sb doing sth 主动 正在进行 Sth Undone 被动或完成 sb to do sth sth to be done 不定式表示将来的动作 It is wrong of you to leave the machine running The guests left most of the dishes untouched He left leaving me to do all the rest work We hurried end our meeting leaving many problems to be settled 4 have get 后接宾补的三种形式 1 Have sb do sth get sb to do sth 使 让 叫某人做某事 例句 Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt 2 have sth done get sth done 让某事由别人去做 叫 让某人做某事 例句 I will have get my bike repaired tomorrow 此外 have sth done 有 使遭受 之意 例句 Tom had his leg broken while playing football 3 have sb sth doing 让某人持续的做某事 主动 正在进行 Get sb sth doing 使某人 物开始行动起来 例句 The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest 注 have sb doing 置于否定句中 have 有 容忍 之意 例句 I won t have you speaking to you dad like that 5 吾看三室两厅一感觉 5 看 look at see watch notice observe 3 使 make let have 2 听 listen to hear 1 感觉 feel 在主动态中宾补用不带 to 的不定式 但在被动态中要还原 to 例句 I hate to see you leave so soon Someone was heard to come up the stairs 除 let make 外 以上动词还可用现在分词做宾补 此外 find catch keep leave 4 同 Eg He was caught stealing I am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time 练习题 1 At that moment I saw him cross the road 2 I was glad to see the children well take care of 3 A cook will be immediaely fired if he is found smoke in the kichen 4 He went away without saying anything leave us stand outside 5 Mr Brown was much disappointed to se the washing machine she had repair went wrong again 6 I wonder if this is the computer you want to have it repair 7 Children s being addicted to the Internet gets their parents worry 8 At that time I found him cry in the street 五 做定语五 做定语 1 不定式做定语 1 做定语的不定式如果是不及物动词 后要加相应的介词 Eg The Browns have a comfortable house to live in 注 如不定式修饰的名词是 time place 或 way 时 其后介词省去 Eg He had no money and no place to live in 2 不定式做定语的几种情况 1 不定式表将来 Eg The car to be bought is for his sister 2 用来修饰被序数词 最高级 或 no all any 等限定的中心词 Eg He was the best man to do the job 3 用来修饰的词是抽象名词时 常有 ability chance idea fact excuse reason time 等等 Eg Do you have the ability to read and write in English I have no chance to go swimming 3 不定式的一般被动式 to be done 表被动 将来 过去分词 done 表被动 完成或状态 和现在分词的一般被动式 being doing 表被动 正在进行 1 The question to be discussed at tomorrow s meeting is a very important one 2 Listen The song being sung is very popular with the students 3 Have you read the novel written by Dickens 3 分词做定语 Ving 表正在进行 过去分词表已经完成 boiling water 正在沸腾的水 falling leaves 正在下落的叶子 boiled water 烧开过的水 fallen leaves 已经落下的叶子 练习题 1 Do you know the boy lie under the big tree 2 The speech which he made concern the football match bored a lot of fans to death 3 If the building project complete by the end of this month is delayed the construction company will be fined 4 To fetch water before breakfast seemed to him a rule never break 六 做状语六 做状语 1 不定式做状语 Eg Jim had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of the music 表目的 To look at him you would like him 表条件 表结果时常用 too to enough to only to 等结构 He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left 表另人失望的结果 某些形容词 表喜 怒 哀 乐的做表语后接的不定式表原因 Eg I am very glad to see you 在表目的强调时 可用 in order to so as to 动原 后者不能置于句首 Eg He got up early in order to catch the first bus 2 分词做状语 原则 此时 分词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致 且分词必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主动或者是被动关系 否 则不能使用分词做状语 Doing 表主动 正在进行 having done 表先于谓语发生的主动 done 表被动 being done 表与谓语同时发生的被动 having been done 表先于谓语发生的被动 Eg Coming into the room he found his father angry 时间状语 Seen from the top of the hill the town is beautiful 条件状语 Being tired they went on working 让步状语 Having been hit by the big boy on the nose the little boy began to cry 原因状语 注 与 not 连用时 通常 ing 形式 Eg Not being invited he has to stay at home 3 独立成分做状语 形式不受上下文的影响的分词或不定式 含义 常见的有 generally speaking 一般来说 frankly speaking 坦白的说 judging from by 根据 来判断 considering taking into consideration 考虑到 to tell the truth 说实话 seeing 考虑到 supposing 即使 如果 providing 如果 saving 除了 除非 assuming 假使 admitting 虽说 given 如果 provide that 如果 compare to with 与 相比 Judging from his accent he is from the south Generally speaking the more expensive th camera the better i