精读材料1-4,含答案

精读材料 Respect difference Li Ruiyi has gotten used to religion at school PHOTO COURTESY OF LI RUIYI 不同宗教信仰在美国高中是如何融合的 ON the first day of school I sat in the homeroom excited and a bit nervous trying to make sense of what was being said over the loudspeaker Suddenly everyone in the room started mumbling 咕哝 something together their eyes half closed ending their words with a gesture of a cross Confused I put up my right hand and patted my shoulders trying to copy them Half a semester had passed when I finally realized that it was the morning prayer 祷告 This was just the beginning Afternoon reflection school dismissal 放学 prayer school life in a Catholic 天主教的 academy is timed around religious procedures 程序 Even when I m at home I need to hold hands with my host family and say a little prayer before dinner starts and reflect upon my day with other family members before bedtime On Sundays church is always on our schedule 日程表 However to my surprise quite a few students at my school are non Christians and the number is still growing One of my friends has an Asian family and his mother believes in Buddhism 佛教 but he still chose to come to this Catholic school This school is one of the best in the city he said and religion isn t really that big of a deal Americans believe in all kinds of things He got it right The US is packed with people with different beliefs yet they can somehow set aside these differences and hug each other My first host family were Catholics who took the Bible only as an allegory 寓言 but that didn t prevent them from making friends with Christians who thought every story in the Bible was for real My English teacher is proud of her atheism 无神论 but interestingly she s always the most faithful 虔诚的 one during prayer And the school Chinese professor never forgets to try to spread Confucianism 儒教 in class At first I was worried that I wouldn t be able to get along with so many different people with such big differences in belief but later I discovered that it didn t really matter Diversity a key part of the character of the nation is in the blood of every American They never mind taking their own stands but at the same time they respect others rights to pursue 追求 their own beliefs With all the differences this one agreement is enough to hold them together as a nation Choose the best answer 1 The first three paragraphs were written mainly to A explain what people usually do during morning prayer B show how difficult it was for the author to fit in at her new school C describe how important religious procedures are at the author s new school D tell readers that the author doesn t like religious procedures to be taken so seriously 2 What is the most probable reason for the number of non Christians growing at the author s school A The school enjoys a good reputation B Other Catholic schools don t accept non Christians C They want to have a taste of life at a Catholic school D There are all kinds of interesting teachers in the school 3 The underlined phrase that big of a deal in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by A that important B that exciting C that annoying D that demanding 4 From the text it can be concluded that A going to a Catholic school will change your religious beliefs B living with differences means you need to respect differences first C the author had no trouble at all understanding people with different religious beliefs D one should try to understand why some choose certain religious beliefs in order to get along with them D1 1 4 CAAB Barbie starting to change with times 新版芭比娃娃展现美国多元审美观念 词数 325 建议阅读时间 5 分钟 SHE has been a part of US culture for more than half a century Tall blond and blue eyed Barbie is often thought of as the typical all American girl First sold by US toy maker Mattel in 1959 the iconic 标志性的 doll was created so that girls could try out grown up activities like socializing and working Over the years with changes of clothes and accessories 装饰 Barbie has had different careers working as a waitress a teacher and a doctor But in recent years Mattel has been criticized for giving girls an impossible standard of beauty to meet Critics say that Barbie s unrealistic body which looks impossibly tall thin and busty 胸部 丰满的 does not show what American women should look like The doll may be perfectly pretty but it also limits girls imaginations and certainly doesn t show the different body types today s children see all around them The Huffington Post noted So it was time for a makeover Last year new skin tones 肤色 and hairstyles were introduced And on Jan 28 Mattel announced three new Barbie body types curvy tall and petite 娇小的 Just as women don t come in one shape now Barbie dolls won t either As Time magazine put it American ideas about beauty have evolved 演变 Today the curvy bodies of US socialite Kim Kardashian West and singer Beyonc Knowles have become popular and young feminist leaders like actress Lena Dunham are helping people to accept their un Barbie like bodies Nowadays parents are more likely to buy what they think are more empowering toys for their daughters according to Time magazine The new body types could also affect 影响 the ways both girls and boys see body image Kids keep seeing images that are not true to nature It could hurt their self esteem 自尊心 or limit their world view US author Florence Williams told USA Today It s important for young boys to understand that women s bodies come in all shapes and sizes because they grow up expecting girls bodies to look a certain way Choose the best answer 1 Those who criticize Mattel believe that A Barbie dolls directly cause health problems B Barbie can give girls body image problems C it is silly to let girls try out grown up activities such as socializing D Barbie dolls lead girls to believe that beauty is the only important thing in their lives 2 The underlined word makeover is closest in meaning to A change B makeup C separation D standard 3 According to Time A the makeover may increase Barbie s sales B parents are more particular about toys nowadays C today s Americans need different stars to set the standards for beauty D new popular American stars have not changed how Americans see beauty 4 How does Florence Williams feel about the new body types A She hopes more improvements will be made to the dolls B She s worried that they could change the ways both girls and boys see body image C She thinks they are more reflective of the world that boys and girls see around them D She stresses their positive influence on girls because this will now let them accept different kinds of beauty D2 1 4 BAAC Mental practice works 头脑演练的神奇功效 词数 374 建议阅读时间 6 分钟 DO you ever practice playing the piano in your mind by tapping on imaginary black and white keys when you have no piano in front of you It s not unusual great pianists like Polish American Arthur Rubinstein sometimes used to practice in their minds For more than 100 years scientists have been trying to understand how this mental training works In the 1930s researchers showed that when you re imagining an action your brain sends signals to your muscles that are too weak to make the muscles move but might help train the body to perform u Practicing in your head might also create an inner how to guide for a special skill in your mind Sports psychologists 心理学家 have carried out hundreds of studies comparing imagined and real life practice for actions such as juggling and tap dancing according to the Popular Science website Overall the research shows that mental training works A 2012 study for example compared 32 amateur golfers who tried to hit golf balls into holes to another 32 who just held a golf club in their hands and thought about their swings Under the same training both groups ended up doing better and getting the ball about four inches 10 cm closer to the hole Visualization has advantages over the real thing You can do it anywhere even when injured It s safe a big advantage for people who work in jobs in which there are big problems when things go wrong such as gymnasts and surgeons 外科医生 v And you can practice for longer periods of time in your head because your body can t get tired That doesn t mean it s easy however We ve had Olympic level athletes sitting in our lab visualizing for two hours says Tadhg MacIntyre a sports psychologist at the University of Limerick in Ireland When we re done they re incredibly tired It doesn t work for everyone though If you re not experienced in the activity it can make things worse warns MacIntyre If you re trying to visualize a free throw and you don t even know the proper way to hold the ball and move then you re probably going to practice the wrong skill in your head and you won t get better Choose the best answer 1 According to the text mental training A is suitable for all kinds of skills B is good for building up muscles C can benefit beginners as well as masters D can be as effective as physical training 2 The underlined word visualization in Paragraph 4 probably means A practicing a physical action B mental training for muscles C seeing something in your mind D imagining practicing an action 3 One of the advantages visualization has over the real thing is A it can prevent things from going wrong B it can be done wherever you are C it saves you time and energy D it is simple and relaxing 4 The text is mainly written to A give readers suggestions on how to improve their sports skills B introduce a variety of techniques that can be used to improve certain skills C share some information about visualization and its benefits and limits D tell readers how to create an inner how to guide for a special skill in their minds D3 1 4 DDBC 阅读下面材料 并根据内容选出最佳选项 Alumni 校友 Weekend is just one in a series of festivals many of which are suitable for all ages Open Cambridge 7 9 September Celebrate Cambridge s history architecture art and gardens with walks and events in the city cam ac uk opencambridge Winter Wordfest 27 November Celebrate the enduring pleasures of the written word at Winter Wordfest It covers all genres 文学体裁 with a fantastic variety of events for the entire family to enjoy John Hegley will be appearing at Winter Wordfest in November cambridgewordfest co uk Genetics Centenary Lecture day 7 September In honor of the centenary of the Arthur Balfour Chair of Genetics at Cambridge this one day symposium 研讨会 features lectures from the current Balfour Professor David Glover FRS Sir Walter Bodmer University of Oxford and Professor Chris Marshall Institute of Cancer Research among many others Tickets cost 240 per person and include all lectures refreshments throughout the day and dinner at Churchill College alumni cam ac uk events Chamber Music Concert 13 November Some of Cambridge s finest young musicians perform at an exclu