英语习语哩语PPt

1 Lecture 3 Idioms and Allusions Procedures Review Students report Othello Idioms from Othello Stories and idioms about Ares Eros Hermes Dionysus Athena Artemis Aphrodite Idioms about numbers Assignment Review 1 1 他死亡的消息好似晴天霹雳 The news of his death came as a bolt from the blue 2 Your favors are like the box of Pandora 你的恩惠就像潘多拉的盒子 3 就因为你信任那个自命不凡的家伙 才把事情弄得一团糟 You have made mess of it by relying on that ambitious Phaeton 4 Whenever anyone teased Joe about his weight he saw red 每当有人对他的体重开玩笑时 乔就勃然 发怒 5 他度过了一个不眠之夜 He spent a white night 6 It was also a black letter day for the whole world 这对全世界来说也是不幸的一天 Review 2 understanding idioms in out of the red 有 没有亏损 a white lie 善意的谎言 in black and white 以书面的形式 a yellow dog 卑鄙的人 green hand 没有经验的人生手 a blue joke 下流的笑话 gray prospects 暗淡的前景 blue Monday 忧郁的星期一 green eyed 嫉妒 black Friday 耶稣受难日 不吉利的星期五 Student s Report Othello Idioms from Othello 1 wear one s heart upon one s sleeve 公开表露感情 2 speak within door 小声说话 别让外人听见 3 hairbreadth escape 九死一生 死里逃生 幸免于难 4 green eyed monster 妒忌 妒火 5 the melting mood 感伤的心情 温柔同情之心 6 put out one s light 熄灭某人的生命火花 杀死某人 送某人上西天 7 seamy side 衣服的里面 事物的阴暗面 Ares Mars 阿瑞斯阿瑞斯 战神战神 Son of Zeus and Hera Ares was appointed god of war He was the most hateful loving strife and war and ever thirsty for blood on the other hand he signified courage and victory in battle and was devoutly worshipped by warriors going to war Prayers were addressed to him before the war and spoils presented at his altar after it 2 Ares was not altogether without gentler feelings From his union with Aphrodite sprang Eros Cupid and other two beautiful children He fell in love with the charming Vestal 修女 virgin Ilia who bore him and twins Romulus and Remus The former was destined to become the founder of Rome Ares took the city under his protection and received a greater worship there than elsewhere in the ancient world Eros Cupid 爱神爱神 愿望愿望 Eros was the god of love better known by his Latin name Cupid Son of Aphrodite Venus by Ares Mars he took his place among the lesser gods of Olympus He was represented as a little naked boy with sparkling wings and he carried his bow and arrows wherever he wandered Shooting his thrilling darts in mischief he inspired the passion of love and endowed all nature with life and the power of reproduction The pert naughty sprite had two kinds of arrows the gold tipped arrows used to quicken the pulse of love and the lead tipped ones used to palsy it Besides he had a torch to kindle hearts with Though sometimes he was blindfolded no man nor god Zeus himself included was safe from his mischief At one time the imp was wounded by his own arrows and such burning love was awakened in him for the mortal maiden Psyche that he defied the persistent interference of his mother and plucked up his courage to plead with Zeus for justice Cupid 爱神丘比特爱神丘比特 and Psyche 灵魂灵魂 精神精神 Psyche was a princess whose delicate radiant beauty won her the adoration of all who looked on her The rumor went around that she was Aphrodite herself come down to reveal her matchless charm in human form Little by little the goddess shrine was neglected and her worship waned Infuriated at the mortal beauty of her rival the goddess told her son Cupid to avenge her by inspiring in the girl the hottest love for the lowest beings in the world She has two elder sisters who had been married to princely lords As all came to admire but none was ready to marry the human goddess her anxious parents went to consult an oracle respecting her future who were shocked to learn that their daughter was destined for no mortal soul but for a supernatural being Following the advice of the oracle they dressed their daughter in bridal array and led her to the top of a mountain There she was carried down to a wonderful palace in a flowery valley by the gentle west wind An invisible loving creature made her his bride that night who told her to be happy and never to seek to know his name and form for curiosity would destroy their love and happiness At daybreak he left Her life was made comfortable by invisible servants But all the time her husband came at dusk and went at dawn and she could see no one but herself She felt lonely and homesick At her repeated request her husband reluctantly agreed to allow her sisters to come to see her but he warned her not to heed any of their persuasions When her sisters had wandered through the shining halls of gold they became maliciously jealous They pressed Psyche to a confession that she had never seen her husband and coaxed her into believing that he was a monster waiting to devour her Torn between disbelief and fear Psyche took their advice and got a lamp and a knife ready for the night When she was sure that her husband had fallen asleep she lighted the lamp A shrill cry almost escaped her when she beheld the sweetest of al creatures in the world It was Cupid himself and no other who had been so attracted by the enthralling beauty of Psyche that he had forgotten his mother s command to disgrace her He had fallen in love with her himself Unfortunately a drop of oil fell on his shoulder he awoke and became angry Then he left with the disappearance of the palace Repenting of what she had done she started a feverish search for her husband Wounded on the shoulder and love sick Cupid kept to himself in his mother s chamber who was angry with her son s behavior The goddess assigned Psyche the impossible task of sorting out the different kinds of seed and grains she had mixed tighter An ant took pity on her and summoned a troop of its friends to her rescue Then the enraged goddess ordered her to fetch a lock of golden fleece form the sheep grazing on a steep mountain side The beasts 3 were as untamed as wild lions and no mortal soul could hope to come back alive from their sharp horns and venomous teeth With the help of a river nymph she succeeded Then the goddess commanded her to go with a casket to the lower world and get some of Persephone s beauty back for her In despair she went up to the top of a high tower and was about to cast herself down when the tower asked her to be patient and advised her how to accomplish her labour in the underworld He warned her not to open the box when she emerged again into the light of the day After she managed it she was caught by curiosity and opened the box and fell down in a swoon Fortunately Cupid came just in time to shut the sleep in the box and saved her from a possible disaster In the meantime Cupid went to Zeus for help Zeus raised Psyche among the gods and a grand feast was spread to celebrate the eternal union of the pair Idioms pure as Psyche 西子无暇 Cupid shoots so trim 月老绳牵 Cupid s arrow signifies the magic power of love 爱情魔力 Upon the coming of age she was hit by the Cupid s arrow Hermes Mercury 罗神罗神 墨丘利神墨丘利神 为众神传信并掌管商业 道路 科学 发明 为众神传信并掌管商业 道路 科学 发明 口才 幸运等的神口才 幸运等的神 Immediately after he was born Hermes son of Zeus and Maia 平原女神 was appointed god of thieves at Olympus And a thief he became when he as barely more than a few hours old Feeling hungry the infant left his swaddling bands 被包 襁褓 after nightfall to hunt for food He chanced upon Apollo s oxen grazing on a meadow and drove a number of these animals away tying twigs around the feet of the cattle to blur their footprints He killed two of these oxen and had a sumptuous 奢侈的 dinner Then he slipped back into his little cot in his mother s house When Apollo came to question him Hermes feigned innocence The infuriated sun god dragged him up to Olympus where he was convicted of the theft and made to return the cattle to their master In reconciliation little Hermes gave Apollo the lyre he had made out of a tortoise shell and Apollo was so pleased with the gift that he presented his little brother with a wand 权杖 which could pacify conflicting forces In due time Hermes was appointed messenger of Zeus and the gods who equipped him with a pair of winged sandals and a winged cap to enable him to travel swifter that sight It was Hermes who took the messages of Zeus to the world below Hermes was a patron of travelers His busts and statues were set up as boundary marks at cross roads or street corners to guide passers by The Hermae as these statues were called were regarded as sacred and their mutilation 手足等的 切断 毁伤 was sacrilegious 亵渎 神物 的 and punishable by death The destruction of the numerous Hermae within the city of Athens aroused such a terrible excitement among its citizens that it might be no exaggeration to state that it altered the whole course of historic development of Athens Hermes was the god of rain and wind and of commerce He also took it upon himself to conduct the souls of the dead to the underworld It was evidently this herald 传令官 of Zeus holding a snake encircled wand who returned Persephone 希腊神话 普西芬尼 阴间女王 冥后 into the outstretched arms of mother earth Demeter The Woodman and Mercury Once upon a time a Woodman was cutting down a tree by the side of a lake By accident he let his ax fall into the water As he lost the tool with which he had gained his livelihood he sat down upon the bank and felt very sad about his hard fate To his surprise Mercury appeared and asked him what was the matter When he heard the story of the man s misfortune he dived to the bottom of the lake and bringing up a golden ax asked if that were the one he had lost Hearing that it was not his Mercury dived a second time and returning with a silver ax in his hand again asked the Woodman if it 4 were his The Woodman denied this too saying that it was not his Mercury dived a third time and brought up the very ax that the man had lost This the poor man took with joy and thankfulness So pleased was Mercury at the honesty of the man that he gave him the other two axes besides his own When he returned home the Woodman told his companions all that had happened One of them decided to see if he could secure the same good fortune for himself He ran to the lake and threw his ax in on purpose then sat down upon the bank and lamented his sad fate Mercury appeared as before and wanted to know the cause of his grief After hearing the man s story he dived and brought up a golden ax and asked him if that were his Delighted at the sight of the golden ax the fellow answered that it was and eagerly attempted to get hold of it The God saw that he was dishonest and refused to hand it to him The man went home disappointed Honesty is the best policy Idioms 1 Mercury fig 墨丘利的无花果 被用来比喻 获得的第一批成果 传说罗马人把无花果树 上结出的第一批果实送给墨丘利 2 You cannot make a Mercury of every log 指 并非每个人都能成为学者 非其材不能成其器 3 swift as Mercury 莫丘利 妙手空空 Swift as Mercury he was got a title as the king of pickpockets 4 She has played the role of Mercury between the two secret lovers 传递书信的红娘 5 There is no Mercury in him 没有精神 Aphrodite 爱与美的女神爱与美的女神 Venus 罗神罗神 维纳斯维纳斯 天天 金星金星 Aphrodite was the goddess of surpassing beauty Her birth was mysterious Her beauty was unrivalled She was appointed goddess of Love and Marriage Sitting in her chariot drawn by sparrows doves or swans she traveled far and wide to inspire love in the hearts of all nature and move man and breast and animal and plant to reproduction With the help of her little son Eros the god of love she wrought many a tale of weal and woe 甜蜜和辛酸 in the life of gods and men She was kind and obliging and was ready to help young lovers in trouble But she effected the most ruthless persecution of Psyche out of petty jealousies She excited an unchaste love in the breast of Helen and kindled the flames of the war of Troy all out of gratitude for Paris who judged the apple of discord to her the fairest of the goddesses Had she behaved like a true and generous goddess thousands of lives might have been saved millions spared the curse of slavery and Troy might have still stood where it had been for posterity 后世 后代 to admire Dionysus 狄俄尼索斯狄俄尼索斯 酒神酒神 Bacchus Dionysus was the god of wine and revelry He was the son of Zeus by Semele When his mother was burnt to death in the glory of Zeus he was still a helpless infant His father entrusted his upbring to some mountain nymphs who took the utmost care of him Under the tutorship of Silenus the Satyr 希腊神 话 半人半兽的 森林之神 he was introduced to all the secrets of nature and the culture of wine He traveled far and wide in his chariot drawn by wild beasts He was said to have been to India and Ethiopia His worship was exotic 异国情调的 and reminiscent of eastern orgies 常 pl 喧闹的宴会 纵酒宴乐 Whenever he went there was music and song and reveling His attendants known as the Bacchantes were noted for their noise and disorder A most unruly rowdy crowd they drank danced and sang in a reckless way Idioms A son of Bacchus 天生的大酒鬼 Like a son of Bacchus he can drink up two bottles of Whisky at a breath I didn t know how he had become such a son of Bacchus 5 Artemis 月神与狩猎女神月神与狩猎女神 Diana Just as Apollo drove his golden chariot across the heavens during the day worshiped as the sun god so Artemis raced across the sky in solemn pomp at night revered as the moon goddess Sitting in an airy chariot drawn by milk white steeds the queen of wide air shed silver light all over the sleeping world below Though she remained single all her life the maiden heart of the goddess was at least for once thrilled as she saw the beautiful youth Endymion sleeping She was chaste and fair and serene She was the paragon of maiden modesty and grace Just as Apollo represents manly beauty so Artemis stands for feminine chastity and virginity As their patron goddess she took it upon herself to protect marrying girls and young women in trouble It was to her alter that those maidens turned for love and happiness The twin sister of Apollo was also the goddess of hunting and wild life Dressed in a short hunting suit coming up to the knee and followed by a team of boisterous 喧闹的 吵吵闹闹的 lovely nymphs Artemis had always her bow of pearl and crystal shining quiver with her and roamed the forest in pursuit of game Idioms to be a Diana 小姑独处 独身主义者 Diana s worshippers 指深更半夜才踏着月色归家的人 月亮女神也兼任处女的保护神和狩猎的女神 因此她代表贞节 自由以及健康的户外运动 She looks like a young Diana in the field 运动健将 Some of the woman teachers are usually proud of their position of being a Diana Athena How spider comes into being On one occasion Zeus suffered a racking headache When all the gods including Apollo the god of medicine had tried in vain to offer a hand the father of gods and men summoned Hephaestus to split open his head The god of fire did this To the wonder of all the Olympians a goddess full grown and full armed issued from the cleavage radiating light and splendor She was Athena goddess of wisdom and knowledge and patroness of Athens Why was Athena the patroness of Athens When the city of Athens was first built by a Phoenician 腓尼基人 both Poseidon and Athena competed for the honor of naming it It was then agreed that whoever offered the most useful object for men would become the patron of the city Poseidon struck the ground with his trident 三叉戟 and produced a horse whereas Athena had an olive tree to present an emblem of peace and plenty As the horse was deemed as signifying strife and sorrow Athens was named after the goddess who therefore took the city under her protection Athena was the goddess of arts and crafts and woman s handwork She was so deft with her hands that she tolerated no challenge to her skill in this respect A Lydian maid Arachne by name did not seem to think much of Athena s dexterity for she frequently boasted that she could beat the goddess if she had the opportunity to do so The goddess was quite irritated Disguised as an old woman she went to advise Arechne to be modest But the ignorant craftswoman wantonly dared the goddess herself to come down and compete with her At this blatant piece of defiance the goddess cast down her disguise and accepted the challenge The two contestants immediately set about embroidering different designs While the goddes