高中英语从句精讲与练习(附答案)

高中英语从句讲解与练习高中英语从句讲解与练习 1 表语从句 表语从句 1 定义 用作表语的从句叫做表语从句 2 引导表语从句的关联词的种类 1 从属连词 that 在从句中不做成分 如 The trouble is that I have lost his address 麻烦是 我把他的地址丢了 The reason was that he was late for school 2 从属连词 whether as as if 如 1 He looked just as he had looked ten years before 他看起来还与十年前一样 2 The question is whether they will be able to help us 问题是他们是否能帮我们 注 从属连词 if 一般不用来引导表语从句 但 as if 却可引导表语从句 如 All this was over twenty years ago but it s as if it was only yesterday 这都是 20 多年前的事了 但宛如昨天一样 The key is whether we can solve the problem It looked as if it was going to rain 注 能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词 be seem look sound 等 如 He looked just as he had looked ten years before 他看起来还与十年前一样 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door 连接代词 who whom whose what which whoever whatever whichever 在表语从句中做 主语 宾语等 如 The problem is who we can get to replace her 问题是我们能找到谁去 替换她呢 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的 The problem is who we can get to replace her 我想问的是谁离开了 My question is who left 连接副词 where when how why What I wonder is when he left 我想知道他是何时离开的 This is where they once lived 这就是他们曾经住过的地方 That is why he didn t come here The question is how he did it 3 连词 because 可引导表语从句 如 I think it is because you are doing too much 我想这是因为你做得太多 It s just because he doesn t know her That s because he didn t understand me 那是因为他没有理解我 That s because 强调原因 That s why he got angry with me 那正是他对我生气的原因 That s why 强调结果 4 在一些表示 建议 劝说 命令 的名词后面的表语从句中 谓语动词用虚拟语气 should 动词原形表示 should 可省略 如 My suggestion is that we should start early tomorrow 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发 表语测试 1 The question is we will have our sports meet next week A that B if C when D whether 2 The reason why he failed is he was too careless A because B that C for D because of 3 Go and get your coat It s you left it A where B there C there where D where there 4 The problem is to take the place of Ted A who can we get B what we can get C who we can get D that we can get 5 What I want to know is he likes the gift given by us A that B if C whether D 不填 6 The reason is I missed the bus A that B when C why D what 7 That is we were late last time A that B when C why D what 8 She looked she were ten years younger A that B like C as D as though 9 I fell sick I think it is you are doing too much A why B when C what D because 10 The reason why he hasn t come is A because his mother is ill B because of his mother s being ill C that his mother is ill D for his mother is ill 11 He was born here That is he likes the place so much A that B what C why D how 12 That is Lu Xun once lived A what B where C that D why 13 your father wants to know is getting on with your studies A What how are you B That how you are C How that you are D What how you are 14 The trouble is we are short of tools A what B that C how D why that 15 America was was first called India by Columbus A what B where C the place D there where 16 China is becoming stronger and stronger It is no longer A what it used to be B what it was used to being C what it used to being D what it was used to be 17 he really means is he disagrees with us A What that B That what C What what D That what 18 The energy is makes the cells able to do their work A that B which C what D such 19 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week Is that you had a few days off A why B what C when D where 20 I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella I got wet through A It s the reason B That s why C There s why D It s how 21 See the flags on top of the building That was we did this morning A when B which C where D what 22 Are you still thinking about yesterday s game Oh that s A what makes me feel excited B whatever I feel excited about C how I feel about it D when I feel excited 23 What surprised me was not what he said but he said it A the way B in the way that C in the way D the way which 答案 1 5 DBACC 6 10 ACDDC 11 15 CBDBA 16 20 AACAB 21 23 DAA 2 主语从句 主语从句 1 定义 用作主语的从句叫做主语从句 2 构成 关联词 简单句 3 引导主语从句的关联词有三类 1 从属连词 that 如 That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them 很明显 她们确是亲姐妹 她们的脸型很相似 2 从属连词 whether 如 Whether he ll come here isn t clear 他是否会来这里还不清楚 3 连接代词 who whom whose what which whoever whatever whichever 连接副词 where when how why 如 What she did is not yet known 她干了什么尚不清楚 How this happened is not clear to anyone 这事怎样发生的 谁也不清楚 Whoever comes is welcome 不论谁来都欢迎 Wherever you are is my home my only home 你所在的任何地方就是我的家 我唯一的 家 解释 1 主语从句能用 it 作形式上的主语 常以 it 作形式主语的句型有 A It be 形容词 obvious true natural surprising good wonderful funny possible likely certain probable etc that 从句 如 It is certain that she will do well in her exam 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好 It is probable that he told her everything 很可能他把一切都告诉她了 B It be 名词词组 no wonder an honour a good thing a pity no surprise etc that 从句 如 It s a pity that we can t go 很遗憾我们不能去 It s no surprise that our team should have won the game 我们没赢这场比赛真意外 C It be 过去分词 said reported thought expected decided announced arranged etc that 从 句 如 It is said that Mr Green has arrived in Beijing 据说格林先生已经到了北京 It is reported that China has sent another man made earth satellite into orbit 据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星 D It seem happen 等不及物动词及短语 that 从句 如 It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all Alice 似乎不来参加晚会 It happened that I was out that day 碰巧我那天外出了 E It doesn t matter makes no difference etc 连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句 如 It doesn t matter whether she will come or not 她是否来这无关紧要 It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting 我们在哪里开会毫无区别 F 当 that 引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时 要以 it 作形式主语 而把主语从句后置 如 Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week 下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是 真的吗 Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow 他们明天不来很要紧吗 G 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时 要以 it 作形式主语 而把主语从句后置 如 How strange it is that the children are so quiet 孩子们这么安静真奇怪 2 注意连接代词 whoever whatever whichever 等引导主语从句的含义 Whoever comes will be welcome whoever the person who 来的人将受到欢迎 Whatever he did was right whatever the thing that 他所做的事情是正确的 Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize whichever anyone of you who 你们当中不论 哪个进来将会得到奖 练习 1 has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising A Who B The one C Anyone D Whoever 2 It was he said disappointed me A what that B that that C what what D that what 3 we ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather A If B Whether C That D Where 4 he said at the meeting surprised everybody present A What B That C The fact D The matter 5 was to return to school A That really interested him B What really interested him C Which really interested him D That interest him really 6 makes mistakes must correct them A What B That C Whoever D Whatever 7 he made an important speech at the meeting was true A That B Why C What D How 8 we ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather A If B Whether C That D Where 9 It worried her a bit her hair was turning gray A whether B That C what D when 10 What I say and think none of your business A is B are C has D have 11 Does matter if he can t finish the job on time A this B that C he D it 12 It worried her a bit her hair was turning grey A which B that C if D for 13 is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language A There B This C That D It 14 what they told me really true A Has B Is C Does D Have 15 It matters little a man dies but matters much is he lives A how what how B how it how C why it why D that what that 16 she couldn t understand was fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons A What why B That what C What because D Why that 17 It is pretty well understood controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today A that B when C what D how 18 fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect A What B That C This D Which 19 What made her parents so angry she had failed in the examination A As B Because C Since D That 20 we ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather A If B Whether C That D Where 21 Do you remember he came Yes I do He came by car A how B when C that D if 22 It was a matter of would take the position A who B whose C whom D whomever 23 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week Is that you had a few days off A why B when C what D where 24 I read about it in some book or other does it matter it was A where B what C how D which 25 It is necessary that a college student at least a foreign language A masters B should master C mastered D will master 练习 1 10 D A B A B C A B B A 11 15 DBDBA 16 20 ACBDB 21 25 AAADB 3 宾语从句 宾语从句 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句 宾语从句分为三类 动词的宾语从句 介词的宾语 从句和形容词的宾语从句 时态 1 主句用一般现在时 从句可用任意时态 2 主句用过去时 从句用过去某个时态 3 主句用过去时 从句是真理时 只用一般现在时 一 宾语从句的连接词 从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有 that if whether that 引导表示陈述句的宾语从句 而 if 和 whether 引导表示 是否 的宾语从句 He told me that he would go to the college the next year 他告诉我他下一年上大学 I don t know if there will be a bus any more 我不知道是否还会有公交车 Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam 没人知道他是否会通过考试 连接代词 连接代词主要有 who whom whose what whoever whomever whosever whatever whichever 等 连接代词一般指疑问 但 what whatever 除了指疑问外 也可以指陈述 Do you know who has won Red Alert game 你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗 I don t know whom you should depend on 我不知道你该依靠谁 The book will show you what the best CEOs know 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么 Have you determined whichever you should buy a Motorola or Nokia cell phone 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗 连接副词 连接副词主要有 when where why how whenever wherever however 等 He didn t tell me when we should meet again 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面 Could you please tell me how you read the new panel 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗 None of us knows where these new parts can be bought 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到 二 动词的宾语从句 大多数动词都可以带宾语从句 We all expect that they will win for members of their team are stronger 我们都预料他们会赢 因为他们的队员更强壮 He told us that they would help us though the whole work 他告诉我们在整个工作中 他都会帮忙的 部分 动词 副词 结构也可以带宾语从句 I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out 我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了 Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip 你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗 动词短语也可以带宾语从句 常见的这些词有 make sure 确保 make up one s mind 下决心 keep in mind 牢记 Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in 在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误 可运用形式宾语 it 代替的宾语从句 动词 find feel consider make believe 等后面有宾语补足语的时候 则需要用 it 做形式宾语 而将 that 宾语从句后置 I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的 I feel it a pity that I haven t been to the get together 我没去聚会 感觉非常遗憾 I have made it a rule that I keep diaries 我每天写日记成了习惯 We all find it important that we should make a quick decision about this mater 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要 有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加 it 这类动词主要有 hate take owe have see to I hate it when they with their mouths full of food 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话 He will have it that our plan is really practical 他会认为我们的计划确实可行 We take it that you will agree with us 我们认为你会同意我们的 When you start the engine you must see to it that car is in neutral 开启发动机时 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置 若宾语从句是 wh 类 则不可用 it 代替 We all consider what you said to be unbelievable 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的 We discovered what we had learned to be valuable 我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的 三 介词的宾语从句 用 wh 类的介词宾语从句 We are talking about whether we admit students into our club 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部 The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space 这本新书是关于神州 6 号载人航天飞船是如何升如太空的 用 that if 引导的介词宾语从句 有时候 except but besides 三个介词后可见到 that 引导的宾语从句 I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company 对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班 其他一无所知 四 形容词的宾语从句 常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有 sure certain glad please happy sorry afraid satisfied surprised I am sure I will pass the exam 我确信我会通过考试 I am sorry that I have troubled you so long 很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你 He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill 他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他 五 if whether 在宾语从句中的区别 if 和 whether 在作 是否 解时 引导宾语从句常放在动词 know ask care wonder find out 等之后 介词后一般不用 if 少数动词 如 leave put discuss doubt 后的宾语从句常用 whether whether 后可以加 or not 但是 if 不可以 在不定式前只能用 whether 如 I can t decide whether to stay 我不能决定是否留下 避免歧异时 我们常用 whether 而不用 if 六 哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词 that 当 that 作 learn suggest explain agree wonder prove mean state feel hold 等动词的宾语时 当宾语从句较长时 当主语状语置于主句尾 宾语从句之前时 当主语谓语动词 包括非谓语动词 与宾语从句之间有插入语时 当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时 此时第一个 that 可以省略 第二个 that 不可以 省略 当宾语从句中的主语是 this that 或 this that 做主语的定语时 当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时 当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时 当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时 当宾语从句有 it 做其先行词时 在直接引语中 转述分句把宾语从句隔开时 七 宾语从句的否定转移 主句的谓语动词是 think believe imagine suppose consider espect fancy guess 等 并且主句的 主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时 从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来 其反义疑问句一般 与宾语从句一致 I don t think he will come to my party 而不能说成 I think he won t come to my party 我认为他不会来我的舞会 I don t believe that man is killed by Jim is he 我认为那个人不是 Jim 所杀的 是不是 如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词 其反义疑问句要用肯定形式 We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully does he 我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课 是不是 八 宾语从句的时态和语序 当主句为现在时或将来时 宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响 当主句为过去时 从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生 I only knew he was studying in a western country but I didn t know what country he was in 我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书 可不知道是哪个国家 He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in 他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读 从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前 He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already 他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了 Mary 从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后 The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to do 记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱 如果从句是一个客观真理 那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化 The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday 老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转 当宾语从句的引导词是 who which what when where how why 等表疑问时 不能按正常语序 安排 经常将这类引导词置于句首 Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year 你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手 编辑本段 宾语从句 版本二 学习宾语从句要抓住三要素 连接词 语序和时态 1 连接词 连接词一般都是 that 指事务或人 which 指事 who 指人 1 从句为陈述句 常选择连接词 that 或将 that 省略 直接与主句相连 2 从句为一般疑问句 常选择连接词 if 或 whether 在 whether or not 结构中不能用 if 替换 3 从句为特殊疑问句 常选择 what when where which who how 等的疑问代 副词作连 接词 注意 当 who 为主语时 句式为 who 谓语 其他 2 判断时态情况 1 主句是一般现在时 从句为各种时态情况 2 主句是一般过去时 从句为各种相应过去时态注意 从句描绘客观事实 用一般现在 时 eg 1 The teacher told the children that the sun round A was B is C were D are 2 I believe that our team the basketball match A win B won C will win D wins 3 I don t know to visit the old man A whether B if C that D who 4 The soldiers soon reached was once an old temple the villagers used as a school A which where B what which C where which D what where 答 选 B 动词 reach 后接宾语从句 从句缺少宾语 where 不可 which 引导宾语从句 时表疑问含义 哪一个 而此句中并非疑问含义 不知道哪一座庙宇 而是用 what 从句 表陈述含义 意 过去的一座旧庙宇 temple 后为对其修饰的定语从句 用关系代词 which 代替 并在从句中作动词 used 的宾语 use sth as 把 用作 编辑本段 宾语从句 版本三 宾语从句 在复合句中作宾语 位于及物动词后 eg Tell him which class you are in Do you know what he likes 注 1 主 从句时态一致 主句谓语过去时 从句相应过去时 He answered that he was listening to me 主句谓语现在时 从句时态任所需 eg He says that he will leave a message on my desk They know that he is working hard 具体过去永不变 真理格言现在时 eg He told me that he was born in 1980 Father told me that practice makes perfect 2 否定前移 及完成反意问句 在 think believe suppose guess imagine expect 等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时 应转 移到主句上去 完成反意问句时 应与从句主 谓保持一致 注 否定前移的条件是 主 句主语是第一人称 eg I don t think you are right are you I don t believe they have finished their work yet have they 3 运用虚拟语气的情况 在表示 建议 suggest advise 要求 demand desire require request propose 决定 decide 命令 order command 坚决主张 insist 等动词后跟宾语从句 用 should v 虚拟语气 eg I suggested that you should study hard He ordered that we should go out at once 4 宾语从句后置情况 如果宾语从句后有宾语补语 用 it 作形式宾语 把宾语从句后置 eg You may think it strange that he would live there 5 宾从中 that 不可省略的情况 宾语从句 that 常可省略 但在以下情况下不能省略 A 当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时 可以省略第一个 that 其他不能省 略 eg I believe that you have done your best and that things will get better B 当 it 作形式宾语时 eg She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him C 当宾语从句前置时 eg That our team will win I believe 编辑本段 宾语从句 版本四 一 定义和宾从例句分析 宾语从句就是一个句子作动词或介词的宾语 A 作动词的宾语 I heard the news 主语 谓语动词 名词作宾语 I heard that he would come here later on 主语 谓语动词 一个句子作宾语 宾语从句 B 作介词的宾语 He said nothing about the plan 主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词 名词作介词的宾语 He said nothing about who broke the window last night 主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词 一个句子作介词的宾语 二 带有宾语从句的复合句的构成 带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起 连接词有 that 可省略 what who when where why which if whether how 1 He suggested that we should clean the corridor every day 宾语 2 He told me that he would leave Dalian airport at 8pm 间接宾语 直接宾语 3 He told me where he was going to travel that summer 间接宾语 直接宾语 4 He wanted to know what the manager had said at the meeting who hadn t passed the exam when she would leave this building why she cried last night where she was going to study which student was his partner in the short play if whether Tom could play basketball with him that morning how she managed to solve the problem why water flows from a high position to a lower position 在例子 4 中 当主句是过去时态时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成 时 从句根据不同情况必须使用过去时态的一种 大自然的现象和真理除外 5 He is wanting to know what I can cook for dinner who broke the window yesterday when I can have a holiday why I failed the exam yesterday where I should have dinner with my friend tonight which book is the best one if whether I have passed the exam how my cat escaped from the room last night 在例子 5 中 当主语是现在时态时 一般现在时 现在进行时 一般将来时 现在完成 时 从句可根据不同情况使用各种时态 三 注意 A 宾语从句必须用陈述语序 False He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job Right He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job B 有时候可以用 it 作形式宾语 而把真正的宾语从句放在后面 Bad I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible Good I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours Bad He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment Good He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句 Bad I think he doesn t like the English teacher Good I don t think he likes the English teacher D 主句一般过去时态 从句也要用过去时态 具体细节请看第一部分 False He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner Right He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner unit7 topic2 1 Would you mind if Would you mind 形代 Ving 回答 Of course not No not at all Yes youd d better not 2 He runs less fast than me He doesn t run fast as me prefer to like better like best Cars cost 100 times as much as bikes I run 3 times as fast as you I run 3 times faster than you 倍数 比较级 越来越 The more you eat the fatter you are 越来越瘦 thinner and thinner 越来越漂亮 more and more beautiful He runs faster than me He runs fastest of all 4 同位语从句 同位语从句 在复合句中充