英语常用构词法讲解及相关练习

兴义一中词汇能力复习 英语构词法 2013 11 20 1 高中英语构词法讲解与练习高中英语构词法讲解与练习 在英语中 词的构成方式主要有三种 派生 合成 和转化 一 派生一 派生 Derivation 前缀前缀 前缀前缀含义含义例词例词 a 处在 arise aside alone en 使可能enrich enable enslave dis 不 否定dissatisfy dishonest disappear disorder disagree un 不 做相反动作 unable unknown uncommon uncomfortable unfair unclose undress uncover untie in im ir il 不 非inactive incapable inpatient incorrect impossible impersonal impolite immature impractical irregular irresponsible illogical non 不 非non existent non interference non conductor non stop de 向相反方向发 展 Decentralize 分散 defrost 解冻 anti 反 对 anti freeze anti fascist mis 错误的 坏的misdoings misunderstand misfortune re重复 再rewrite remarry reunite recycle co 共同co exist co operate co education ex以前的Ex husband ex president tele远程telephone telegraph telescope super 在上面 超级supermarket superpower under 在 之下underline underestimate underground inter 相互 之间international interact inter change sub 下 次subtitle submarine subconscious subcontinent trans 过 穿过 变transformation 变形 translate vice 副vice premier vice president semi 半semifinal semicircle semi automatic bi两个bicycle biennial 两年一次的 tri三个triangle 三角形 tricycle 三轮脚踏车 triplets 三胞胎 mul 多 多种multiply multi national multi coloured kilo 千kilometre kilogram 后缀后缀 后 缀例 词 erfarmer weaver pain killer murderer villager stranger speaker cooker recorder heater essactress waitress princess hostess orconductor sailor transistor operator arbeggar eseChinese Portuguese Japanese ianmusician Egyptian physician istscientist dentist communist socialist ent antassistant mentargument judgment government nesshappiness greatness illness coldness sleeplessness tiondictation preparation repetition action information invention ingbuilding wedding painting 名 词 shipleadership friendship hardship 兴义一中词汇能力复习 英语构词法 2013 11 20 2 ageshortage marriage leakage tyloyalty cruelty penalty sixty twenty thirty certainty thtruth warmth length growth fifteenth fourth anceacceptance assistance reliance appearance encedependence confidence reference entrance defence fulmouthful handful plateful alrefusal denial arrival ydifficulty possibility domfreedom wisdom kingdom ismsocialism materialism 注意 ese ian ist 既可以构成名词 又可以构成形容词 er 构成的名词 既有表示人的 又有表示物的 后 缀例 词 alcentral industrial national natural anEuropean American Australian erneastern northern southern ablereasonable horrible terrible believable comfortable forgettable sensible fulcareful cheerful grateful faithful ishchildish Swedish selfish ivedestructive collective active creative effective ythirsty dirty windy sunny cloudy healthy funny lesscareless hopeless helpless homeless sleepless fearless limitless engolden wooden woolen ouscourageous famous continuous serious various aryimaginary revolutionary secondary icrealistic historic poetic sometroublesome burdensome lonesome handsome likechildlike womanlike manlike antignorant significant observant important entdiligent silent excellent frequent lylively friendly lovely weekly brotherly motherly 形 容 词 ishchildish foolish 后 缀例 词 izerealize modernize mechanize criticize enwiden strengthen lengthen sharpen widen shorten quicken deepen 动 词 fySimplify beautify terrify 后 缀例 词 ward s forward northward backward downward副 词 lyslowly quickly carefully loudly happily friendly 二 合成二 合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词 方式 1 直接写在一起 2 用连字符 连接 3 由两个分开的词构成 1 合成形容词合成形容词 方式例词 1 形容词 形容词red hot 2 形容词 名词first class full time part time 3 形容词 现在分词good looking free thinking 4 形容词 过去分词ready made 5 形容词 名词 edgood tempered middle aged cold blooded 6 名词 名词 ediron willed 7 名词 形容词world famous day long 8 名词 现在分词beauty loving freedom loving job hunting 兴义一中词汇能力复习 英语构词法 2013 11 20 3 9 名词 过去分词man made water covered 10 副词 形容词ever green 11 副词 现在分词hard working far seeing 12 副词 过去分词well prepared quickly cured well known 13 数词 名词five year 14 数词 名词 形容 词 five year old 15 数词 名词 edfour legged six storied 2 合成动词合成动词 构成方式构成方式例词例词 1 名词 动词day dream 2 副词 动词overcome upturn 翻起 3 形容词 动词white wash 3 合成名词合成名词 构成方式例词 1 名词 名词horseback bank note newspaper cellphone 2 形容词 名词back yard forehead 3 动名词 名词hiding place reading room 4 动词 副词get off break in 5 副词 动词output overflow 4 合成副词合成副词 however maybe wherever whenever forever 5 合成代词合成代词 whoever whatever everyone nobody myself something anything 三 转化三 转化 Conversion 指一个词不变化词形 而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类 1 名词和动词之间的转化 telephone 电话 打电话 mirror 镜子 像镜子一样反映 drink 喝 饮料 record 录音 记录 name date hand study 2 形容词转化为动词 perfect 完美的 使完善 3 名词转化为形容词 副词 front 前面 前面的 4 形容词转化为名词 chief 主要的 首领 巩固练习巩固练习 用适当的形式填空 1 The mother didn t know why her daughter was crying noise 2 He was one of the best in yesterday s football match play 3 Look How Kate is laughing happy 4 It snowed last night and now the streets are covered with snow heavy 5 Edison was a great During his life he had many invent 6 More and more have come to visit China over these years foreign 7 We want reasons for your failure to help satisfy 8 Please give me some reference work It will my task simple 9 The doctor said that Mary s mother needed an operate 兴义一中词汇能力复习 英语构词法 2013 11 20 4 10 Thank you for your kind 11When in Rome do as the do Rome 12 The teacher was pleased with her honest 单选 1 That man was enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job A care B careful C careless D carelessness 2 The soldier died for saving the child so his is heavier than Mount Tai A dieB deadC diedD death 3 The three chair isn t suitable for a young child He may fall off A leggingB leggedC legsD leged 4 When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem Jack looked about at his classmates A proudB proudlyC pride D pridely 5 To everyone s the girl finished the job quite well A satisfiedB satisfactory C satisfyingD satisfaction 6 What are you doing here Oh my teacher asked me to write a passage about in English You can write passage in English A 600 words a 600 words B 600 word a 600 words C 600 words a 600 word D 600 words a 600 words 7 No one should enter the spot without the of the police A permitB permission C permittingD permittence 8 You must come with us to the police Our head is waiting for you A headquartersB headline C headmasterD headache 9 Letting that animal escape was no accident you did it A intendB intention C intentionally D intentional 10 The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a smile A practice B practice C practicalD practiced 11 My TV is out of order Can you tell me what is the news about Iraq War A latelyB latest C laterD latter 12 Canada is mainly an country A English speaking B speak English C spoken English D English spoken 兴义一中词汇能力复习 英语构词法 2013 11 20 5 13 How he is He is always acting He is really a A foolish foolishly fool B fool foolish fool C foolish fool fool D foolishly foolish fool 14 The necklace that she lost is very expensive It s of great 15 We have to learn technology from other countries A advanceB advancing C advantage D advanced 16 The children live in a village They come here almost every day A nearbyB near C nearlyD near by 17 You d better give up smoking if you want to keep A healthB healthy C healthily D healthier 18 speaking I didn t do it on purpose A Honestly B HonestC HonestyD Dishonest 根据上下文语境和提示的首字母 在划线处写出一个合适的词 A Efforts It s universally a that what makes a big d in the course of studies is 勤奋 and 耐心 We are s to attach great i to 努力 rather than good 运气 as a consequence of the fact that 成功 arises from hard work Anyhow those who are of 聪明 need to spare no effort with the purpose of 实现 their goals as well I see to it that only in this way can we arose our p 潜力 and work out d B Are we endangered Steve Jones is an environmental expert who tri