高英第二课Marrakech分析ppt课件.ppt

Unit2Marrakech ByGeorgeOrwell ObjectivesofLessonTwo TofamiliarizestudentswiththebackgroundknowledgeofGeorgeOrwell Morocco Frenchcolonies Marrakech JewsTolearnexpositorywriting Toanalyzethethemeandthewriter sopinionofcolonialism GeorgeOrwell GeorgeOrwell penname EricArthurBlair 1903 1950 Britishnovelistandessayist borninIndia Orwellwasfamousforhispoliticalsatires Hewasanuncompromisingindividualistandpoliticalidealist Orwellarguedthatwritershaveanobligationoffightingsocialinjustice oppression andthepoweroftotalitarianregimesOrwellisfamousforhisterselucidprosestyleandgoodattheappropriateuseofsimplebutforcefulwordstodescribeobjectivelythescenesbeforehiseyes Hisworks AnimalFarm 1945 DownandOutinParisandLondonBurmeseDaysComingupforAirAClergyman sDaughterKeeptheAspidistraFlying Hiswell knownessays ShootinganelephantAHangingMarrakechPoliticsandtheEnglishLanguage Orwell sRulesforwriters Neverusemetaphor simile orotherfigureofspeechwhichyouareusedtoseeinginprint Neverusealongwordwhereashortonewilldo Ifitispossibletocutawordout alwayscutitout Neverusethepassivevoicewhereyoucanusetheactive Neveruseaforeignphrase ascientificword orajargonwordifyoucanthinkofaneverydayEnglishequivalent Breakanyoftheserulessoonerthansayanythingoutrightbarbarous Morocco Location InNorthAfrica ontheMediterraneanSeaandtheAtlanticOcean MoroccoisthefarthestwestofalltheArabcountries Capital RabatPopulation about18 000 000Briefhistory Morocoowasinhabitedin thestoneagebycavedwellers about2000B C itwassettledbyBerbertribes whohadformedthebasisofthepopulationeversince TheArabsinvadedMoroccointhe7thcentury bringingwithIslam fromtheendofthe17thcenturyuntiltheearly19thcenturyMoroccowasalmostentirelyfreefromforeigninfluence Butin1912 aFranco SpanishagreementdividedMoroccointo4administrativezones Moroccogainedindependencein1956andbecameaconstitutionalmonarchyin1957 MoroccoisamemberoftheUnitedNations theLeagueofArabStates andtheOrganizationofAfricanUnity mostofthepeopleofMoroccoareMuslims IslamisthestatereligionandArabicistheofficiallanguage butFrenchandSpanisharealsospoken MarrakechinMorocco Location InwestcentralMorocco attheNorthernfootofthehighAtlas 130milessouthofCasablanca thechiefseaport ItistheprincipalcommercialcentersofMorocco Ithasextremelyhotsummersbutmildwinters ItwascapturedbytheFrenchin1912 ThecitywasformerlyalsocalledMorocco IntroductiontothePassage 1 Typeofliterature apieceofexposition2 Thepurposeofapieceofexposition toinformorexplain3 Waysofdevelopingthethesisofapieceofexposition comparison contrast analogy identification illustration analysis definition etc DetailedAnalysisoftheText 1 Whichsentenceexpressesthethemeofthetext or Whichisthethesisstatement Allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthisfact para 3 2 Whatisthethemeofthetext Theauthordenouncestheevilsofcolonialism Hemercilesslyexposespoverty miseryanddegradationofthenativepeopleinthecolonies Thesepeoplearenotconsiderednoraretheytreatedashumanbeings DetailedStudyoftheText organizationofthetext mainideaofeachpart questionstodiscuss Keywords phrasesanddifficultsentences Organizationofthetext Questionstodiscuss 1 Inordertoshowthepovertyofthecityandexposetheevilsofcolonialism thewriterchoosessometypicalscenesandpictures Whatarethey 2 Itseemsthatthisessayconsistsofseveralseparativepictures thenwhatgivestheessaycoherence SixScenestoexposetheevilsofcolonialism Scene1 Theburialofthepoorinhabitants para1 3 Theidea Lifeischeap Peoplearesopoorthattheycannotaffordproperburials Scene2 Thebeggingofbreadofanemployee para4 7 Theidea Lifeispoor Peoplecan taffordproperfood Scene3 LivingconditionoftheJews para8 15 Theidea Jewsliveingreatpovertyandunderprejudice Scene4 Cultivationofsoil para16 18 Theidea Hardwayofmakingaliving Scene5 Lifeofwomen para19 21 Theidea Miserablelifeofoldwomen nobetterthanadonkeyScene6 thesoldiers para22 26 Theidea Thenegroes attitudetowardsthewhites Whydidthewriterchoosethesescenes Whatdoyouthinktheyrepresent Doyouthinkthesescenesareeffectivetoachievethewriter spurpose Scene1 Theburialofthepoorinhabitants para1 3 Lifeischeap Peoplearesopoorthattheycannotaffordproperburials WordsandExpressionswail tocryoutinmourningorlamentation悲伤地哭号Thewindwailedthroughthetreeschant asimpleliturgicalsonginwhichastringofsyllablesorwordsissungtoeachtonebier aplatformorportableframeworkonwhichacoffinorcorpseisplacedhack tobreakup land withahoe mattock etc oblong adj longerthanbroad elongatedhummocky adj fulloforlookinglikelow roundedhills布满小丘的derelict adj desertedbytheowner abandoned forsakenpricklypear anyofagenusofcactusplanshavingcylindricalorlarge flat ovalstemjointsandediblefruits仙人掌 属 Paragraphing Interpreting theflieslefttherestauranttableinacloudandrushedafterit buttheycamebackinafewminuteslater Thecloudoffliesflyingtothecorpseandthencomingbacktotherestaurantshowstheunsanitaryconditionsofthecity thetaxisandthecamels modernmeansoftransportationalongsidetheoldandbackwardmeansoftransportationWhenthefriendsgettotheburying groundtheyhackanoblongholeafootandtwodeep dumpthebodyinitandflingoveritalittleofthedried up lumpyearth whichislikethebrokenbrick Thelistofactionverbsareallsingle syllabic showingthequickspeedandsimpleburyingprocedure Aretheyreally Dothey Orarethey individualasbeesorcoralinsects Alistofrhetoricalquestionsaddedforcetoauthor sdenunciationTheyriseoutoftheearth theysweatandstarveforafewyears andthentheysinkbackintothenamelessmoundsofthegraveyardandnobodynoticesthattheyaregone alliteration showingthemonotonouslife Theyareborn Thenforafewyearstheywork toilandstarve Finallytheydieandareburiedingraveswithoutaname Scene2 Thebeggingofbreadofanemployee para4 7 Lifeispoor Peoplecan taffordproperfood WordsandExpressionsgazelle n anyofvarioussmall swift gracefulantelopesofAfrica theNewEast andAsia withspirallytwisted backwardpointinghornsandlarge lustrouseyes 瞪羚hindquarter n eitheroftwohindedgeslegsandloinsofacarcassofveal beef lamb etc pl thehindlegsofafour leggedanimalnibble toeat food withquickbites takingonlyasmallamountatatime asamousedoes Thefishwerenibblingatthebaitbutt tostrikeorpushwiththeheadorhorns ranwiththehead navvy BrE anunskilledlaborer andoncanals roadssidle tomovesideways esp inashy fearfulorstealthilymannerstow topackorstoreaway esp topackinanorderly compactmannermunicipality acity town etc havingitsownincorporatedgovernment自治市 Paragraphing Interpreting AnArabnavvyworkingonthepathnearbyloweredhisheavyhoeandsidledslowlytowardsus Althoughthelaborerwashungry hewasnotusedtobegging Thereforehemovedslowlyandshyly Icouldeatsomeofthatbread Thisisanindirectrequestandexpressesadesiretoeatsomeofthebread Theword could suggestspolitenessanduncertainty Itookoffapieceandhestoweditgratefullyinsomesecretplaceunderhisrags Theword stow and secret showthatthenavvylooksatthepieceofbreadassomethingprecious Heisafraidofloosingit Thismanisanemployeeofthemunicipality Thissimplestatementisveryimportant Itservestoconveyadeepermeaning Evenanemployedlaborergoesstarving soyoucanimaginetheplightofthepoorerpeople Scene3 LivingconditionoftheJews para8 15 Jewsliveingreatpropertyandunderprejudice WordsandExpressionsghetto n incertainEuropeancities asectiontowhichJewswereformerlyrestricted cluster togatherorgrowinaclusterorclustersskull cap n alight closefitting brimlesscap usuallywornindoors infest tooverrunorinhabitinlargenumbers usu soastobeharmfulorbothersome swarminorover Fly infestedwarp tobecomebentortwistedoutofshapefrenzied adj fullofuncontrolledexcitementclamour v n to makealoudconfusednoiseorshout cryoutself contained adj havingwithinoneselforitselfallthatisnecessary self sufficient asacommunity Impossible hardtodealwith sth Thatcannothappene g Itwasnotanimpossiblescheme Hisbadtempermakeslifeimpossibleforallthefamily Heisanimpossiblepersontoworkwith Inflationisanimpossibleproblem Grope tofeelorsearchaboutblindlye g Inthedarkness Igropedforthedoorhandle ThroughouttheagesmenhavegropedafterthemeaningoftheUniverseandtheirownroleinit Thelecturerpaused gropingforthemosteffectivewordtoexpresshismeaning Theyhadtogropetheirwaythroughamistthatwasrapidlyturningintoathickfog Paragraphing Interpreting para9 thehousesarecompletelywindowless Windowlessbecausethehousessitsoclosetoeachotherthatitisinconvenienttohavewindows Sore eyedchildrencluster likecloudsofflies Asimile comparingclustersofchildrentocloudsofflies Therepeateduseoffliesshowstheunsanitaryconditionsandtheprevalenceofdiseasesincolonialcountries para11 Fruitsellers potters silversmiths blacksmiths butchers leather workers tailors water carriers beggars porters Thereisalistofjobshereincludingthatofbeggar whicheverwayyoulook agoodjobHitlerwasn there ItwasluckyfortheJewsthatHilterhadnotcometothisplace Ifhehad theJewswouldhavebeenexterminatedastheywereinPolandandotherEuropeanscountries para15 Injustthesameway acoupleofhundredyearsago pooroldwomenusedtobeburnedforwitchcraftwhentheycouldnotevenworkenoughmagictogetthemselvesasquaremeal asquaremeal adecentsubstantialmealAnalogyisusedhere Itmeansthatthesepeople saccusationoftheJewswasasabsurdandirrationalastheaccusationofthewitchcraft Scene4 Cultivationofsoil para16 18 Hardwayofmakingaliving WordsandExpressionsconspicuous adj attractingattentionbybeingunexpected unusual outstandingChancesarethat oral itispossibleChancesarethathehasheardthenews ones eyestakein see lookatIwastoobusytakinginthebeautifulfurnituretonoticewhowasintheroom Hereyesweretakinginnothingbuttheexpensivehats Itwasamusingtoseehissurpriseashetookinthenewcar ForeignLegionnaires FranceorganizedaforeignlegionshortlyaftertheconquestofAlgiersin1830 enlistingrecruitswhowerenotFrenchsubjects Itsinternationalcharacterandthetraditionofnotrevealingenlistees backgroundshavehelpedtosurroundtheForeignLegionwithanauraofmysteryandromancewring v togetorextractbyforce threats persistence etc extortwringmoneyfromsb 勒索某人back breaking requiringgreatphysicalexertion verytiring nerve rackingdesolate adj uninhabited deserted forlorn Paragraphing Interpreting Theauthorisextremelybitterandironical Insteadofopenlyblamingthewhitecolonialistswhodon tpaytheleastattentiontothepeoplewhosufferfrompovertyandhunger hepretendsthattheyhaveasoundreasontoignoresuchpeoplejustbecausetheyhavethecoloroftheearth para16 awhiteskinisalwaysfairlyconspicuous synecdoche awhite skinnedEuropeanisalwaysfairlyconspicuous Itisonlybecauseofthis touristresorts This herestandsforthefactthatpeoplealwaysmissthepeasantslaboringinthefieldsbecausetheyhavethecoloroftheearthandarealotlessinterestingtolookat para17 WhatdoesMoroccomeantoaFrenchman OrtoanEnglishman Questionandanswerbothelliptical Thisparagraphmeansthatthiscolonialcountryarousespeople sinterestforvariousreasonsexcepttrueconcernforthepeoplelivinginpoverty para18 Thisisasmuchasthestrengthoftheanimalsisequalto Theanimalsyokedtotheploughhadjustenoughstrengthtoploughthesoiltoadepthofaboutfourinches ApassagefromInvisibleMan RalphEllison IAMAninvisibleman No IamnotaspooklikethosewhohauntedEdgarAllanPoe noramIoneofyourHollywood movieectoplasms Iamamanofsubstance offleshandbone fiberandliquids andImightevenbesaidtopossessamind Iaminvisible understand simplybecausepeoplerefusetoseeme Likethebodilessheadsyouseesometimesincircussideshows itisasthoughIhavebeensurroundedbymirrorsofhard distortingglass Whentheyapproachmetheyseeonlymysurroundings themselves orfragmentsoftheirimagination indeed everythingandanythingexceptme Prologue Sentencestoshowthehardwork para17 therealityoflifeisanendlessback breakingstruggletowringalittlefoodoutofanerodedsoil para18 MostMoroccoissodesolatethatnowildanimalbiggerthanaharecanliveonit Hugeareaswhichwereoncecoveredwithforesthaveturnedintoatreelesswastewherethesoilisexactlylikebroken upbrick Neverthelessagooddealofitiscultivated withfrightfullabor para18 Longlinesofwomen bentdoublelikeinvertedcapitalLs worktheirwayslowlyacrossthefields tearingupthepricklyweedswiththeirhands Scene5 Lifeofwomen para19 21 Miserablesituationofoldwomen nobetterthanadonkey WordsandExpressionsfile alineofpersonsorthingssituatedonebehindanother纵队mummify v todryup becomeamummy register v record记录 登记toregisterthebirthofababy toregisterthenamesofabsentstudentsThecourtstenographerregisteredthetrialproceedings damnably adv Inadamnablemannertobedamnablytreated遭到虐待packsaddle asaddledesignedtosupporttheloadcarriedbyapackanimal驮鞍 bridle n aheadharnessforguidingahorse itconsistsofstall bitandreinshalter n arope cord strap etc usuallywithaaheadstall fortryingorleadingananimal withorwithoutarope 缰绳 马 笼头gut usu Pl thebowels entrails内脏havethegutstodosth 有胆量做某事plight n conditionorstateofaffairs esp now anawkward sad ordangeroussituationtip v ttopoursth fromoneplaceorcontainerintoanotherShetippedtheflourintoabowl Thecomparisonoffatebetweenthedonkeyandthewomen DonkeyWomennobiggerthanaSt Bernarddogtiny mummifiedOverloaded workingforweeksvastofloadofwoodAwillingcreatureacceptedstatusasabeastofburdenWhendead tippedintoaburiedsimply dumpedintoaditch throwntodogshole noname nograveyardPeoplefeelenragedatnobodyfeelssympatheticforthem unnoticedBydescribingthefateofdonkeytheauthor spurposeistoarousethesympathyandangerofthereadersfor people Peoplearealsocruellytreatedbuttheyarenotnoticed simplyinvisible Paragraphing Interpreting para19 Allofthemaremummifiedwithageandthesun andallofthemaretiny Yearsofhardworkandheatofthesunhavedrieduptheoldwomen TheylooklikemummiesSheacceptedherstatusasanoldwoman thatistosayasabeastofburden Shetookitforgrantedthatasanoldwomanshewasthelowestinthecommunity thatshewasonlyfitfordoingheavyworklikeananimal para20 thoughtheyhadregisteredthemselvesonmyeyeballsIcannottrulysaythatIhadseenthem Hiseyesmusthaverecordedthescenebuthedidnotconsciouslyobservewhatwashappening forhedidnotseetheoldwomancarryingtheheavyloadoffirewood Itcarriesaloadwhich toomuchforafifteen handsmule fifteen handsmule amuleabout60inchesorffeethigh para21 Thiskindofthingsmakesone sbloodboil Thecrueltreatmentofthedonkeymakesoneveryangry Peoplewithbrownskinarenextdoortoinvisible Peoplewithbrownskinsarealmostinvisible Itisgenerallyowingtosomekindofaccident Ifpeopleevernoticestheoldwomen itisasheerchance Scene6 thesoldiers para22 26 Thenegro sattitudetowardsthewhites WordsandExpressionsstork n anyofagroupoflarge long leggedwadingbirds havingalongneckandbill andrelatedtoherons鹳infantry soldierswhofightonbattle步兵clump v tocausetoformthesoundsofheavyfootstepsGrandpaclumpedalonginhisboots clatter n Arapidsuccessionofloud sharpnoises急促的敲击声reach me down adj colloq Second handorreadymade sullen showingresentment sulky glum揾怒的 闷闷不乐的syphilis n aninfectiousvenerealdisease causedbyaspirocheteandusu transmittedbysexualintercourseoracquiredcongenitally梅毒charger n ahorseriddeninbattleoronparade战马 军马garrison n troopsstationedinafortorfortifiedplace驻军reverence n feelingorattitudeofdeeprespect loveandawe asforsth sacred glitter v toshinewithasparklinglight glisten sparkle bebright Squash vt 压坏 捏坏 e g Shesatonhishatandsquashedit Hesquashedtheinsectwithhisfinger Thispackagewassquashedinthemail Squash vi e g Softfruitssquasheasily aglassoforangesquash Thishatsquasheseasily Squash vi vt 使劲 挤e g Shesquashedintothecrowdedtrain Don talltrytosquashintothelifttogether Hesquashedhisclothesintoabox Squash vt 使不说话 谈 e g WhenItriedtospeak hesquashedme Heistryingtosquashthestoryofthedefeat Slump vi 沉重地倒下 践踏 e g Heslumpedinhischairasleep Tiredfromhiswalk heslumpedintoachair Theboy sfeetslumpedrepeatedlythroughthecorridor Slump vi 质量 价格等 下降 买卖 清淡起来e g Herworkslumpedbecauseofpersonalproblems Thecompany ssharesslumpedlastmonth Businesshasslumped Slump n e g Theeconomywentintoasevereslump Whenthereisaslumpinacountryitisdifficulttodotrade andmanypeopleareoutofwork Therewasaseriousslumpinthe1930s Paragraphing Interpreting Inthispart theauthorshowsthementalityofthecolonizedbydescribingtheboy slook para23 Theirsplendidbodies curiouslysensitiveblackfaceswereglisteningwithsweat TheSenegalesesoldierswerewearingready madekhakiuniformswhichhidtheirbeautifullywell builtbodies Theirfeetweresqueezedintobootswhatweretoosmallandwereflatandsquarelikeblocksofwoodandtheirheadswerealsosqueezedintotinytinhatswhichseemedtobealittletoosmallforthem Thewords splendid and sensitive showtheauthor spositiveattitudetowardsthem Thisparagraphrevealsthepoorconditionsofthesoldiers para24 Itwastheshy wide eyedNegrolook whichactuallyisalookofprofoundrespect wide eyes withtheeyesopenedwidely asbecauseofsurprise fear lackofsophistication TheNegrogenerallylooksatthewhitemasterswithhiseyesopenedwidelyshowingbashfulness fear uneasiness etc itisadocile subservientlook para24 Thiswretchedboy whoisaFrenchcitizenandhasthereforebeendraggedfromtheforesttoscrubfloorsandcatchsyphilisingarrisontownsThismiserableblackboyis asaresultofthecolonizationofhiscountry aFrenchcitizen Thereforehehasbeenconscribedandforcedtoleavehishomeintheforesttocometoagarrisontownwherehewillcatchsyphilis para25 Inthisconnectionitdoesn tmattertwopenceifhecallshimselfasocialist itdoesn tmattertwopence itdoesnotmatteratall Everywhiteman eventhosewhocallthemselvessocialistscan thelpbutthinkthisthoughtwhenheseesablackarmymarchingpast para26 Andreallyitwaslikewatchingaflockofcattletoseethelongcolumn likescrapsofpaper Watchingtheone or twomileslongcolumnofsoldiersmarchingpeacefully Uptheroadwasjustlikewatchingaflockofcattle Cattledon tthink don taskquestions butfollowtheirmastersblindly Theseblacksoldierswerejustlikecattle Comment Soldiersaretoservethegovernment TheSenegalesesoldiersaresupportingthecolonialmasterswhoarecruellyexploitingthecountry Itsoundsironical Yettheyoungman insteadofhatingthewhitemen actuallyholdsadeeprespectforthem Thewholesituationgivesadepressingfutureofthecountry Summary Thetextisapieceofobjectiveexpositionofthepoverty miseryanddegradationoftheinhabitantsinMarrakech Theordinarylocalfuneral whichtreatsthedeadasanimals ismerelyoneepisodeofthemiserablelivesofnativepeople However thisfactisthebasisuponwhichalltheimperialistsbuilduptheirempires Theauthorillustratesthefollowingfactstoshowtheplightoftheinhabitants AnArabnavvy anemployeeofthemunicipality begsforapieceofbreadwhichis