名词性从句3ppt课件.ppt

ZhejiangJiangnanScienceandEngineeringCollegeYouShisen NounClause 名词性从句 1 引导词 从属连词 连接代词 连接副词 that whether if 是否 who whose what which whatever whoever when where why how 名词性从句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 2 词序 疑问词序 be动词 助动词 情态动词放在主语前 疑问句就是采取疑问词序 陈述词序 be动词 助动词 情态动词放在主语后或省去助动词 从句陈述句要采用陈述词序 1 Isheaworker Canyoutellmewhetherheisaworker 2 Doeshegetupat6 Tellmewhetherhegetsupat6 3 Didhestudyabroadlastyear 4 Whetherhestudiedabroadlastyearisknowntousall 5 Whenwillwestart Myquestioniswhenwewillstart 6 Tellmewhatyouweredoingatthattimeyesterday 3 一 主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句 通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替 而本身放在句子末尾 What或how引出的主语从句具有疑问意义 但必须采取陈述词序 that引出的具有陈述意义 4 主语从句 能分成两个简单句吗 1 Thattheseacoversaboutthree fourthsoftheearth ssurfaceiswellknown 2 Whichdesignismorepracticalisstillaquestion 3 Whatwecallahovercraftisameansoftransportwithneitherwheelsnorwings 4 Itiswellknownthattheseacoversaboutthree fourthsoftheearth ssurface 5 Itisstillaquestionwhichdesignismorepractical 5 1 It作形式主语It作形式主语代替主语从句 主要是为了平衡句子结构 主语从句的连接词没有变化 Itisapitythatyoudidn tgotoseethefilm Itdoesn tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot 6 2 用it作形式主语的结构 1 Itis 名词 从句Itisafactthat 事实是 Itisanhonorthat 非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat 是常识 2 Itis 形容词 从句Itisnaturalthat 很自然 Itisstrangethat 奇怪的是 3 Itis 不及物动词 从句Itseemsthat 似乎 Ithappenedthat 碰巧 Itappearsthat 似乎 4 It 过去分词 从句Itisreportedthat 据报道 Ithasbeenprovedthat 已证实 Itissaidthat 据说 7 3 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 1 if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首 2 Itissaid reported 结构中的主语从句不可提前 例如 ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid 3 Ithappens occurs 结构中的主语从句不可提前 例如 Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim 4 Itdoesn tmatterhow whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前 例如 Itdoesn tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn tmatter 5 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时 主语从句不可提前 例如 Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely 8 4 what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分 如主语 宾语 表语 而that则不然 1 Whatyousaidyesterdayisright 2 Thatsheisstillaliveisasurprise 3 WhatIwanttoknowisthis 4 Thathecantakegoodcareofhimselfisquitecertain 注意由What引导的主语从句不能构成Itis what 的句式 如Itisrightwhathesaid 9 二 宾语从句 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句 通常放在主句谓语动词 及物动词 或介词之后 1 作动词的宾语 1 由that引导的宾语从句 that通常可以省略 例如 Iheardthathejoinedthearmy 2 由what whether if 引导的宾语从句 例如 Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened Iwonderwhether if youcanchangethisnoteforme 3 动词 间接宾语 宾语从句 例如 Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation 2 作介词的宾语Oursuccessdependsuponwhethertheweatherwillbefinebythattime 10 3 作形容词的宾语 例如 Iamafraid that I vemadeamistake 注意 that引导的从句常跟在形容词后作宾语 anxious aware certain confident convinced determined glad proud surprised worried sorry thankful ashamed disappointed annoyed pleased hurt satisfied content等 也可以将此类词后的that从句的看作原因状语从句 4 以下只用whether不用if 介词后 whetherornot中 主语从句中用whether 1 Itdependsonwhetherwecangettheircooperation 2 Tellmewhetherornotyoulikethehandbag 3 Whetherthey lljoinushasn tbeenmadeclear 11 将以下两个简单句改为一个带宾语从句的复合句 1 WhichcourseisMr Jonesteaching Doyouknow 2 Howmuchisit Canyoutellme 3 Wherewereyouborn Pleasetellme Whywashissecretaryfired Nooneknows Whendidshegraduatefromhighschool Don tyouremember What sherlastname Doyouremember Whatcolordresswasshewearing Doyouremember 12 将以下含宾语从句的复合句分成两简单句 1 Theytellmethatthemathscourseisdifficult 2 Iwonderwhether if thefridgeislargeenough 3 Pleaseletmeknowwhenthetelephonewillbeinstalled 4 Oh Tom whyyoualwaysdotheoppositeofwhatItellyou 13 三 表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句 放在系动词之后 一般结构是 主语 连系动词 表语从句 引导表语从句的that常可省略 另外 常用的还有thereasonisthat 和Itisbecause等结构 1 Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime 2 Thisiswhywecan tgetthesupportofthepeople 3 Myproblemishowwecanreducepollution 4 Ourconclusionisthatthere sonlyenoughwaterfortwodays 5 Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus 14 四 同位语从句 1 同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释 说明名词的具体内容 一般由that引导 前面名词通常有conclusion doubt fact hope idea news opinion suggestion等 有时也用whether what when where why how等引导 1 Theking sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople 2 Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句 15 1 Thereisnodoubtthathewillsucceed 2 Myopinionthatnoactionneedbetakenyetissharedbymostofushere 3 Thefactthathehasspokentothepressaboutthiscausedusagreatdealofembarrassment 4 Ihavenoideawhattimeitis 2 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面 而是被别的词隔开 HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff 16 3 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 1 定语从句中的that既代替先行词 同时以在从句中作某个成分 主语或宾语 而同位语从句中的that是连词 只起连接主句与从句的作用 不充当句中任何成分 2 定语从句是形容词性的 其功能是修饰先行词 对先行词加以限定 描述定的性质或特征 同位语从句是名词性的 其功能是对名词进行补充说明 例如 1 ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear 他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国 第一个that引导的是定语从句 that在从句中作宾语 2 ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim 汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的 同位语从句 that在句中不作任何成分 17 翻译以下句子 并指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种 1 Whathewantsisabook 2 Itissonicethatwecanlearnthisgrammarpointtogether 3 I msogladthatIcanmakefriendswithyou 4 Thisiswhyhedidit 5 Doyouagreetothesuggestionthatwe should haveatripinTibet 6 Thathewantsabookiscertain 7 Isuggestedjustnowwe should takepartinthiscompetition 8 Whetheryoulikehimornotdoesn tmattertoomuch 9 Hedoesn tknowwhetheryoucansingitwell 10 Theproblemiswhetheryoucansingitwell 11 Theproblemwhetheritisrightorwronghasnotbeendecided 12 Pleasetellmewhoyourmonitoris 主语从句 主语从句 主语从句 主语从句 宾语从句 宾语从句 宾语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 同位语从句 18 Choosethebestanswer 1 what thata hesaidatthemeetingsurprisedus b hespokeatthemeetingsurprisedus 2 if whether yougoorstayathomewon tmakeanydifferences 3 Whatapity is youdidn tarrivebydaylight A there becauseB it thatC he whenD that for4 nomatterhow who what where whenWearereadytodo thecountrywantsustodo A whatB whichC nomatterwhatD whatever What That Whether B D 19 5 ThetelephonistaskedIwantedtospeakto A whichB whyC whoD whose6 Homeisyourfriendsandfamilyare A whomB whatC whenD where7 hesawbothsurprisedandfrightenedhim A WhenB ThatC WhatD Whom8 Theseriousnessofhisconditiondependsonthefeverbegan A whatB whichC whoD when C D C D 20 9 Itisnoteasytodecideareportaboutunidentifiedflyingobjectsistrueornot A whetherB thatC ifD which10 HemadethesuggestiontheycarryontheirconversationinEnglish A whatB ho