英语句子结构分析讲解

定义 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分 主要成分 主语和谓语 次要成分 表语 宾语 定语 状语 补足语 同位语 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday 主语主语 谓语谓语 定语定语 宾语宾语 同位语同位语 状语状语 主语 主语 subject 句子说明的人或事物句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano 名词 She went out in a hurry 代词 Four plus four is eight 数词 To see is to believe 不定式 Smoking is bad for health 动名词 The young should respect the old 名词化的形容词 What he has said is true 句子 找出下列句中的主语 找出下列句中的主语 1 The sun rises in the east 2 Twenty years is a short time in history 3 The poor are now living in the shelter 4 Seeing is believing 5 To see is to believe 6 He likes dancing 7 What he needs is a book 8 It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree 谓语谓语 说明主语的动作 状态和特征说明主语的动作 状态和特征 简单谓语简单谓语 由动词或动词词组组成由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill He looked after two orphans 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词 动词动词 He can speak English well She doesn t seem to like dancing 找出下列句中的谓语 注 只有动词才可作谓语 找出下列句中的谓语 注 只有动词才可作谓语 1 We love China 2 We have finished reading this book 3 He can speak English 4 She seems tired 三三 宾语宾语 动作的对象或承受者动作的对象或承受者 及物动词或介词的宾语及物动词或介词的宾语 Show your passport please 名词 She didn t say anything 代词 How many do you want I want two 数词 They sent the injured to hospital 名词化的形容词 They asked to see my passport 不定式 I enjoy working with you 动名词 Did you write down what he said 句子 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语 直接宾语指物或事直接宾语指物或事 间接宾语指人或动间接宾语指人或动 物物 He gave me some books 间接 直接 宾语 宾语 指出下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语 please pass me the book He bought his girlfriend some flowers 找出下列句子的宾语部分 1 We often help him 2 He likes to play basketball 3 We enjoy listening to the music 4 She said that he felt sick 5 They are talking about the new student 四 连系动词 四 连系动词 其后面的成分叫作表语 其后面的成分叫作表语 The war was over They seem to know the truth Time is precious I m not quite myself today That remains a puzzle I don t feel at ease 找出下列句中的表语 找出下列句中的表语 1 I am a teacher 2 They are on the playground 3 My job is teaching English 4 It gets cold 5 It sounds interesting 常见的系动词有 be 动词 还有 get become turn grow 等表 变得 的词 和感观动词 sound look smel taste feel 等 5 定语定语 修饰或限制名词或代词的词 词组或从句修饰或限制名词或代词的词 词组或从句 He is a clever boy 形容词 His father works in a steel work 名词 There are 54 students in our class 数词 Do you known betty s sister 名词所有格 He bought some sleeping pills 动名词 There is a sleeping baby in bed 现在分词 His spoken language is good 过去分词 定语后置 定语后置 如果定语是由一个单词表示时 通常要前置 而由一个词组或一个如果定语是由一个单词表示时 通常要前置 而由一个词组或一个 句子表示时 通常则后置句子表示时 通常则后置 The girl in red is his sister We have a lot of work to do The girl standing under the tree is his daughter Do you know the man who spoke just now 找出下列句子的定语 找出下列句子的定语 1 The black bike is mine 2 She is a chemistry teacher 3 The man in blue is my brother 4 The girl playing the piano is my younger sister 5 The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher 六 状语 六 状语 状语的功用 状语说明地点 时间 原因 目的 结果 条件 方状语的功用 状语说明地点 时间 原因 目的 结果 条件 方 向 程度 方式和伴随状况等 向 程度 方式和伴随状况等 I will be back in a while They are playing on the playground He was late because he got up late He got up so late that I missed the train I waited to see you He often went to school by bus His parents died leaving him an orphan Please call me if it is necessary This book is very interesting He went to school in spite of his illness 找出下列句中的状语找出下列句中的状语 1 We often help him 2 I really don t like the food 3 He did his homework carefully at home 4 Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday 5 When I grow up I am going to be a doctor 七 宾语补足语 七 宾语补足语 有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外 还要有一个宾语补足语 有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外 还要有一个宾语补足语 说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足 使句子的意义完整 这说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足 使句子的意义完整 这 类常用的及物动词有类常用的及物动词有 make consider cause see find call get have let I found the book interesting Do you smell something burning He made himself known to them She asked me to lend her a hand 宾语补足语 和宾语构成复合宾语 宾语和宾补之间存在内在逻辑宾语补足语 和宾语构成复合宾语 宾语和宾补之间存在内在逻辑 上的主谓关系 找出下列句子的宾语补足语 上的主谓关系 找出下列句子的宾语补足语 1 They elected John monitor 2 We call him Iron Ox 3 The doctor told me to do more exercise 4 They made her happy 5 He is going to have his hair cut 6 They saw a bird flying in the sky 八 同位语 八 同位语 位于名词或代词后面 说明它们的性质和情况位于名词或代词后面 说明它们的性质和情况 We young people should respect the old 名词 He himself will do the experiment 代词 He is the oldest among them four 数词 He told me the news that our team won the game 从句 句子成分句子成分意义意义充当成分充当成分例句例句 主语主语表示句子说的表示句子说的 是什么人或什是什么人或什 么么 事事 名 代 数 名 代 数 不定式 动名不定式 动名 词 短语或句词 短语或句 子子 We study in HuangQiao Middle School 谓语谓语说明主语做什说明主语做什 么 是什么或么 是什么或 怎怎 么样么样 动词或动词词动词或动词词 组组 She is dancing under the tree 宾语宾语表示动作行为表示动作行为 的对象的对象 同主语同主语Both of us like English 表语表语与联系动词连与联系动词连 用 一起构成用 一起构成 谓谓 语 说明主语语 说明主语 的性质或特征的性质或特征 同主语同主语Her father is a chemist His words sound reasonable 定语定语用来修饰名词用来修饰名词 或代词或代词 形 代 数 形 代 数 名名 副 介词短语副 介词短语 We have eight lessons every day 句子成分详解表句子成分详解表 随堂练习 分析下列句子结构 随堂练习 分析下列句子结构 1 You are a student 2 He felt happy today 3 What you said made me happy 4 Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well 5 After he finished his homework he went away 6 He likes pop music 7 The sound sounds strange 8 The food tastes good 或句子或句子 状语状语修饰动词 形修饰动词 形 容词 副词 容词 副词 表表 示动作发生的示动作发生的 时间 地点 时间 地点 原原 因 目的 方因 目的 方 式 结果等式 结果等 副词 介词短副词 介词短 语或句语或句 子子 He works very hard They held a party in Hollywood 宾语补足语宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语逻辑上与宾语 是主谓关系是主谓关系 形容词 名词 形容词 名词 介词短语等介词短语等 She always keeps the house clean 9 He gave me a book yesterday 10 We all think it a pity that she didn t come here Private Conversation Last week I went to the theatre I had a very good seat The play was very interesting I did not enjoy it A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me They were talking loudly I got very