安全仪表系统简介.ppt

2004 04 28U Schuenemann CommissioningtestofE ISIS 1 IntroductiontoE ISafetyInstrumentedSystems SIS 电仪安全仪表系统 SIS 介绍 2004 04 28UlrichSchuenemann BYCNanjingBYC南京尤瑞奇 舒曼CTADepartmentE ImaintenanceEOEG电仪维修EOEGCTA部 2004 04 28U Schuenemann CommissioningtestofE ISIS 2 Controlloops控制回路DCSMonitoringfunctions检测功能DCSInterlocksneededforsmoothoperationDCS ESD 顺利运行所需的连锁InterlocksrelatedtoplantSafetyESD与装置安全有关的连锁 TherearedifferentE Ifunctions电仪功能各不相同 2004 04 28U Schuenemann CommissioningtestofE ISIS 3 WhatareE IS I S 什么是电仪S I S E ISafetyInstrumentedSystems S I S 电仪安全仪表系统S I S prevent安全仪表系统用于防止 personnelinjury人身伤害或environmentaldamage环境破坏causedbyanottolerablefaultstateoftheplant由装置的不可接受的故障所造成S I S aredefinedintheSafetyReviewStep2 安全仪表系统是在安全风险评估的第二步中定义的 2004 04 28U Schuenemann CommissioningtestofE ISIS 4 ClassificationofE Ifunctions电仪功能的分类 2004 04 28U Schuenemann CommissioningtestofE ISIS 5 DefinitionofSIS SafetyReviewstep2SIS的定义 安全审查步骤2 SEVERITY严重性S1PotentialforoneormorefatalitiesS2Potentialforoneormoreseriousinjuries irreversible S3PotentialforoneormorelosttimeinjuriesS4Potentialforminorinjuries orirritationE ISIScanbeusedfor riskclassBandC 电仪SIS可用于 B级和C级风险 2004 04 28U Schuenemann CommissioningtestofE ISIS 6 Example E ISafetyReview2Checklist实例 电仪安全审查2检查清单 2004 04 28U Schuenemann CommissioningtestofE ISIS 7 FailuresofaS I S S I S的故障 Activeerrortriggersoffthesafetyfunctionfornoreasonplantisswitchedbacktosafeoperationreductionofproductionavailability 有源故障 无缘无故触发安全功能 装置切回到安全运行 生产运行可用率降低 Passiveerror无源故障inhibitstherequiredsafetyfunctionplantcontinuesoperationalthoughitshouldbeswitchedoffimpactingtheprocesssafety adverselyaffectingthesafetyfunction对安全功能产生不利影响 noadverseeffectonthesafetyfunction对安全功能无不利影响 Failure故障 Time averagedprobabilityforapassivefault PFD ProbabilityofFailureonDemand 无源故障的时间平均可能性 PFD 指令故障的可能性 2004 04 28U Schuenemann CommissioningtestofE ISIS 8 ComponentsofaSISSIS的组分 Shut DownSystem停车系统LogicinFailsafePLCorHardwiredsystem在故障安全型可编程控制器或硬接线系统中的逻辑 Redundantsensors冗余的传感器 Valve阀门 Solenoidvalve电磁阀 Instrumentairsupply仪表气源 RackRoom机柜间 Field现场 2004 04 28U Schuenemann CommissioningtestofE ISIS 9 PassiveFaultsofsensorsandactuators传感器和致动器的无源故障 massflowmeterafterpressurepulse压力脉冲下游的质量流量计 lostcontrolvalveplug controlvalveplug damagedbycavitation restrictionorifice deformedbyflow 限流孔板 限流孔 限流孔板 流量造成的变形 调节阀阀塞 空穴造成的损坏 2004 04 28U Schuenemann CommissioningtestofE ISIS 10 Somemathematics 一些算法 TITestIntervalbetweenfunctionaltestsofSIS timeneededtodiscoverdangerousfaultsSIS功能测试之间的时间间隔 发现危险故障需要的时间MTBFMeanTimeBetweenFailureofanequipment设备故障之间的平均时间l 1 MTBFfailurerate故障率Pf t Probabilityoffailure tofunction Forconstantfailureratesl Pf t 1 e lt 故障概率 对功能而言 恒定故障率l Pf t 1 e lt PFDProbabilityofFailureonDemand Pf t timeaveragedovertestintervalTI指令故障概率 Pf t 时间间隔TI的平均时间PFD 1 TI 0 TIPf t dt 2004 04 28U Schuenemann CommissioningtestofE ISIS 11 PFD ProbabilityofFailureonDemandPFD 指令故障概率 ProbabilityPf t forfindingequipmentindangerousfaultstateaftertimethaspassedsincelastfunctionaltest自上次功能试验以来经过时间t后 发现设备处在危险故障状态的概率 Pf t 1 e lt timeaverage时间平均值 PFDProbabilityofFailureondemandPFD 指令故障概率 PFDdependsonfailurerateofequipmentANDtestinterval PFD取决于设备AND试验间隔的故障率 2004 04 28U Schuenemann CommissioningtestofE ISIS 12 CalculationofPFDPFD的计算 PFDcalculationofanindividualequipmenteasy ifyouhavetestintervalfailurerate givenbysupplier 如有试验间隔和故障率 供货方提供 则某个设备的PFD计算就不难PFD calculationformorecomplexconfigurations 2oo3etc canbedoneusingsimplestatisticalmodels Goodforcomparingdifferentconfigurations 用简单的统计模型可进行较复杂的配置 2003等 的PFD计算ForSIS PFDoffielddomainandcontroldomainmustbeadded 对于SIS 必须加上磁场域和控制域的PFDPFDSIS PFDsensor PFDPLC PFDactuator 2004 04 28U Schuenemann CommissioningtestofE ISIS 13 CalculationofPFD theproblems PFD的计算 问题 PFDdataforfieldinstrumentsusuallynotveryreliable notexperimentallyverifiedforchemicalenvironment 用于现场仪表的PFD数据通常不是很可靠 对于化学环境未经试验验证 ContributiontoFailureProbability PFD 对故障概率的影响因素 calculatedvaluesforPFD oftennotveryaccurate PFD计算值 经常不太准 FieldInstruments85 现场仪表 LogicSolver failsafePLC 15 逻辑解答器 故障保护PLC 2004 04 28U Schuenemann CommissioningtestofE ISIS 14 SIL requirementsforSISSIS的 SIL 要求 ForSIS internationalandBASFstandardsrequestSIL2orSIL3 对于SIS 国际标准和巴斯夫标准要求SIL2或SIL3 2004 04 28U Schuenemann CommissioningtestofE ISIS 15 Howtomeet SIL requirements如何满足 SIL 要求 RightInstruments fromBASFstandardlist fieldproven orcertified仪表正确 来自巴斯夫标准清单或核准者 SIL2 TUVcertificate Deviceswithoutsystematicdesignormanufacturingerrorswhichcanleadtocommonfailureofredundantchannelsatthesametime 2 RightDesign Redundancy Diversity UsedesigntypicalsinBASFstandard 设计正确 冗余 多样性 采用巴斯夫标准中的典型设计Redundant anddiverse channelsofsensorsandactuatorsmakesystemtolerantagainstsinglepassiveandactivefaults 3 Testing Maintenance performcommissioningtestandperiodicfunctionalprooftestsofSIS 测试 维护 进行SIS调试试验和定期的功能验证试验InordertodiscoverpassivefaultsofSIS Testintervaldependsondesign 2004 04 28U Schuenemann CommissioningtestofE ISIS 16 BASFGlobalStandardLists巴斯夫全球标准清单 BASF sStandardDeviceshavepassedextensivelaboratorytestingacc toIEC770atBASF Ludwigshafen arefield proveninnon safetyrelatedapplications haveshownnopassivefaultduringfieldtesting atleast10devicesmonitoredfor1year 巴斯夫的标准装置已通过广泛的实验室试验 符合路德维希港巴斯夫IEC770标准 在相关危险应用中经过现场验证 在现场测试中未出现无源故障 至少10台装置被检测了一年 2004 04 28U Schuenemann CommissioningtestofE ISIS 17 Design TypicalsforSIL2andSIL3设计 SIL2和SIL3的典型之处 SIL2 singlechanneldesign1oo1canbeused12monthtestinterval可使用单信道设计1oo112个月的试验间隔 SIL3 singlechanneldesignnotallowedatleast 2sensors 1oo2 and2actuators 12monthtestinterval 不允许单信道设计至少2个传感器 1oo2 和2个致动器12个月的试验间隔 2004 04 28U Schuenemann CommissioningtestofE ISIS 18 PFDofdifferentArchitectures不同结构的PFD What sthebestconfiguration 1oo1 1oo2 2oo2 2oo3 2oo4 最佳组态是什么 Consider failureondemand rate affectsplantsafety falsetrip rate affectsplantavailability 须考虑 指令故障 率 影响装置安全 误跳闸 率 影响装置可用率 plantsafety装置安全率 plantavailability装置可用率 Higher高 Lower低 2oo2 2oo2 2oo4 1oo1 2oo3 1oo3 1oo2 2oo4 2oo3 1oo3 1oo2 1oo1 2004 04 28U Schuenemann CommissioningtestofE ISIS 19 Commissioning ProofTestingofE IS I S 安全仪表系统的调试及试验 AllInternationalandBASFstandardsforSISrequireadocumentedtests所有有关的国际标准或BASF标准均要求对安全仪表系统进行有文档记录的测试periodicprooftests周期性的试验commissioningtestbeforestartup开车前的调试 ObjectiveforCommissioningTest 调试的目的是为了检查 designaccordingtoSafetyReview2设计遵照安全风险评估第二步所要求installationok安装正确parametersettingsok参数设置无误functionofinstruments sensorsandactuators ok仪表功能 传感器 执行器 均正确无误logicactioncorrect逻辑动作正确 CommissioningtestofS I S willbemaintaskforCTAPMduringcommissioningofplants 在装置调试期间 安全仪表系统的调试是电仪经理的主要任务 2004 04 28U Schuenemann CommissioningtestofE ISIS 20 ResponsibilitiesforCommissioningTest调试试验