非谓语动词在高考中的考点和易错点

word 版本 非谓语动词在高考中的考点及易错点非谓语动词在高考中的考点及易错点 一 规律方法 1 考查立意较低 主要考查的是非谓语的一些最基本的用法 但是 题目的设置注重了 情景化和结构复杂化 加大了考生对题干句的理解难度 2 设问的角度呈现出多样化趋势 不仅仅是非谓语间的互相干扰 二 命题趋势 不容置疑 高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查 试题的特征将继续呈现出 情景化 和 设问角度的多样化 的趋势 但试题的难度将会有所控制 三 突破方法 1 非谓语动词的用法是一个系统性 综合性很强的语言点 切不可记住几个条条框框就 去乱套 真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识 具有句子结构的知识 要分得清简单句与复合句 陈述句与祈使句 具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识 要分得清双宾语和复合宾语 具有扎实而丰富的动词知识 要分得清及物动词和不及物动词 双宾动词和复宾动词 一些最基础最常用的动词的用法应当烂熟于胸 具备各种复合句的知识 能够拆析 30 词左右长度的复合长 难句 2 理解分析非谓语动词的句法功能 重点掌握不定式 动名词作宾语的区别 不定式 分词作补语的区别 不定式 分词作状语的区别 独立主格的用法 不定式 分词作定语 的区别 四 非谓语题的解题总方法 1 1 先看四个答案先看四个答案 如果四个答案分别为动词原形 不定式 现在分词 过去分词等情况 那么这个题多半是非谓语动词题 2 2 看符号看符号 中间有个逗号 末尾有个句号 有时中间没有逗号 3 3 看有没有连接词 引导词 看有没有连接词 引导词 如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话 一部分是 句子时 那么另一部分就一定是非句子 而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词 4 4 定语态 定语态 如果本句的主语 或动词自带的逻辑主语 与它是逻辑上的主谓关系 那么答 案一般用 Ving 形式 如果本句的主语 或动词自带的逻辑主语 与它是逻辑上的动宾 关系 被动关系 那么答案一般用 Ved 形式 5 5 定时态 定时态 如果非谓语的动作比谓语先 或先很久 发生 那么非谓语动词要用完成式 to have done to have been done having done Having been done 否则 我们要用非谓语的一般式 to do to be done doing being done done Eg 1 for an hour by his teacher the boy felt depressed A Being scolded B Having been scolded C To be scolded D Scolding 1 答案 B 五 非谓语动词可能出现的考查点及易错点 一 使用非谓动词的语言结构 1 在 句子句子 and or butand or but 句子句子 的并列句结构中 可能会考查 以动词原形开头 的 祈使句 四个答案表面上象非谓语 其实考查的是谓语 2 hard and you will succeed in the exam 3 hard or you will fail in the exam A Study B To study C Studying D Studied 2 3 答案 AA 2 在 句子 非句子句子 非句子 结构中 非句子部分用非谓语 word 版本 4 The teacher devoted his life to his career most of his students successful in study A make B to make C making D made 4 答案 C 3 在 非句子 句子非句子 句子 结构中 非句子部分用非谓语 5 with children I know what is needed most A Working B Having worked C Worked D To work 5 答案 B 4 在 with with 宾语宾语 宾语补足语宾语补足语 结构中 宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词 6 With her baby on her back the woman was cleaning the rich man s house A sleep B slept C to sleep D sleeping 6 答案 D 7 With his hair like a role in the film the boy felt very cool A cut B to be cut C cutting D to cut 7 答案 B 5 在 drive leave keep make have let get find hear 等使让动词或感观动词后使让动词或感观动词后 面作宾语补足语时面作宾语补足语时 也可能用非谓语动词 8 He made his sister by taking away her toy 9 His sister was made by his taking away her toy A cry B to cry C crying D cried 8 9 答案 A B 10 the policeman found the thief his hand into an old man s pocket and arrested him A put B putting C to put D being put 10 答案 B 二 非谓语动词考点易错点 1 表面上考分词 实际上考形容词的情况 11 he fell asleep quickly A Tire B Tiring C Tired D To tire 11 答案 C 12 The man won a big prize and A surprised happy B surprising happy C surprised pleasant D surprising pleased 12 答案 A 13 in thought of the problems the man didn t realize his girlfriend s coming in A Losing B Lost C To lose D Having lost 13 答案 B 14 The students in art can sign in the form and be a member of our school A interest B interesting C interested D To interest 14 答案 C 2 在 被动形式表主动 情况中出题 15 a white skirt the girl looks like a angel A Worn B Wear C Dressed in D Dressing 15 答案 C wear 的后面加衣服 dress 表示动作时 后面要加人而不加衣 be dressed in 是固 定搭配 其中的 dressed 已经演变成形容词 本是其实可以看成是 when the girl is dressed in a white skirt 省略而来的 16 in a armchair he is always surfing online eating fish and chips A Sit B Sat C Seating D Seated 16 答案 D Sit 是动词 这里应该用 sitting seat 作动词时 其后不加凳子 要加人 而且这个 词一般用被动形式表示主动意义 3 在 主动形式表被动 的情况中出题 word 版本 17 tired and weak the woman should have a day off to see a doctor A Look B Looking C Looked D Looking 17 答案 D look 在本题中不是实意动词 而是感观系动词 系动词在非谓语中用主动式表被动 18 With many problems the newly selected president will have a hard time A remain unsettled B remaining unsettled C remained unsettling D remained unsettling 18 答案 B 用 with 开头的部分在这里是一个介词短语 不是句子 因此用非谓语 而 remain 表示 仍然 仍然是 时是系动词 只能用主动形式 problems 与 unsettle 是动宾关系 或被动关系 所以用过去分词 unsettled 19 Having some clothes I cannot join you to see the film A to wash B to be washed C washed D washing 19 答案 A 宾语补足语中的动词用非谓语动词 虽然衣服应该是被洗 但是当句子主语与不定 式为主谓关系时 我们用主动形式表被动 20 smooth this kind of pen sells well in our school A To write B Writing C being written D Written 20 答案 B 20 解析 动词如果不是表示动作 而是表示物体具有某种性质或特征时 往往用 主动形式表示被动 4 从 主语一致或主语不一致主语一致或主语不一致 角度出题 逗号分开的前后两部分有时逻辑主语一致 有时逻辑主语不一致 逻辑主语不一致时 非谓语动词一般要自带逻辑主语 这种现象叫做 分词的独立主格结构 21 from this angle the mountain looks like a face of a man A To see B Seeing C Seen D Saw 21 答案 C 21 解析 空格处的动词本身没有带主语 那么本句的主语 the mountain 就要做其 逻辑主语 由于 the mountain 与 see 是动宾关系 所以我们选用过去分词 22 I ll go there with you tomorrow afternoon 22 答案 C A Time permits B If time permitting C Time permitting D Time s permitting 22 解析 permit 与 I 没有主谓关系 也没有动宾关系 permit 自带了逻辑主语 time 时间允许的话 而 time 与 permit 为逻辑上的主谓关系 所以用现在分词的独 立结构 三 注意的几点 1 有些分词有时可作分词有时又可作形容词 23 enemy Liu Hunan was very brave 23 答案 C 24 with difficulties we should not give in 24 答案 B A To face B Faced C Facing D face 23 24 解析 23 题中的 face 是一个动词 由于与 Liu Hunan 是逻辑上的主谓关 系 我们用现在分词形式 24 题中实际上考查了 be faced with 这一固定搭配 其中的 faced 看成形容词 25 The president of South Africa flied to Libya to help solve the crisis 26 The president of South Africa flied to Libya at helping solve the crisis A aim B aiming C aimed D to aim 25 选 B 26 选 C word 版本 25 26 解析 25 题考查了动词 aim to do sth 旨在做某事 26 题考查固定搭配 be aimed at doing sth 旨在做某事 其中的 aimed 看成形容词 27 Though money his parents sent him to a key university 28 Though in money his parents sent him to a key university 29 Though in of money his parents sent him to a key university A lack B lacking C lacked D to lack 27 选 B 28 选 B 29 选 A 27 28 29 解析 27 题中非谓语动词 lacking 与 his parents 及 money 分别构 成逻辑上的主谓关系和动宾关系 28 题中考查了固定搭配 be lacking in 缺少 其中的 lacking 为形容词 29 题考查了固定搭配 介宾结构 in lack of 缺少 其 中的 lack 是名词 这其实是由 though his parents were in lack of money 省略了主语 和 were 而业的 2 作结果状语时 doing 与 only to do 的区别 表示结果状语时 现在分词 v ing 表示意料之中的结果 而不定式 to do only to do 表示意料之外的结果 30 His parents were killed in the accident thus him an orphan A leave B leaving C left D to leave 30 选 B 30 解析 他父母出了事故 他变成了孤儿就是意料之中在事情了 用现在分词表结 果状语 31 I hurried to school only that it was Sunday 31 选 D A find B finding C found D to find 31 解析 发现是星期天是我匆忙赶到学校意料之外的结果 说明我忘记了 如果我 知道是星期天就不可能还匆忙地赶到学校了 用不定式表意料之外的的结果 3 作主语时 非谓语动词之 to do 与 doing 的区别 32 is a good form of exercise for both young and old 32 选 B A The walk B Walking C To walk D Walk 不定式做主语常表示具体的一次性的动作 动句词表示一般的经常性的动作 多次散 步才会有利于健康 4 演变成了介词或连词的分词 英语中有些词表面上看是分词 但实际上已经变成了介词 因此应该用 ing 形式还是 分词 ed 形式已经变得约定俗成了 这时往往不适用非谓动词规则 而是看英美人士的习 惯 33 her age she looks quite young A Consider B Considered C To consider D Considering 33 解析 题意是 就她的年龄而论 她显得十分年轻 这里的 considering 表示 考虑到 鉴于 它已经变成了介词 不管是 考虑还是被考虑 这里都用 considering 高中阶段我们还学过的有 介词 concerningregardingaccording toincludingowing to 关于关于根据 按照包括因为 由于 连词 givensupposingseeing that imagingproviding provi ded 鉴于假如因为 既然假如假如 word 版本 5 有些非谓语动词是省略而来的 有些则不是 34 by her mother the girl burst into tears 34 选 B A Be scolded B Scolded C Scolding D To scold 34 解析 scold 与 the girl 是动宾关系 因此用过去分词作原因状语 其实这个句子 也是由一个完整的原因状语从句省略来的 原句为 Because the girl was scolded by her mother the girl burst into tears 当主从复合句的主语一致 且谓语动词里有 be 动 词时 可以把 连词 主语 be 部分省略 35 the tomb for 5 years he is now called an expert more or less 35 选 B A Studying B Having studied C Having been studied D To study 35 解析 逗号前面部分不是句子省略而来 由于 he 与 study 是逻辑上的主谓关系 加上 study 在先 有 5 年了 被 叫做 专家 在后 所以用非谓语动词的主动完成式 6 连词连词 分词分词 和和 介词介词 动名词动名词 的区别 36 if another hour I would have finished it better give 的恰当形式填空 37 While homework the boy likes listening to light music do 的恰当形式 填空 6 37 解析 36 given 是由 if I had been given another hour 省略来的 if 在 省略前省略后都是连词 37 doing 是由 while the boy are doing homework 省略来 的 while 在省略前后都是连词 38 After he found a job as a secretary in a company graduate 的恰 当形式填空 39 Before a proper person to be the new president the old president wouldn t resign select 的恰当形式填空 38 39 解析 38 graduating graduation after 这时是个介词 所以后面总 是用动名词 如果改为 after he graduated 那么这个 after 就变成了连词 39 题中的 before 用法与 after 一样 后面加句子时 是连词 后面只加一个动词时 要用动名词 形式 并充当介词 所以 39 填 selecting 非谓语动词专练非谓语动词专练 1 While watching television A the doorbell rang B we heard the doorbell ring C there was someone knocking at the door D we heard the doorbell rung 2 China is known greatly in terms of its cultural values over the past few years A to change B having changed C changing D to have changed 3 I m afraid we ll have to work extra hours for there are still some problems A remaining to settle B remaining to be settled C remained to talk about D to remain to discuss 4 We tried hard and eventually we were able to get Mike us his car just for a day A lending B lend C to lend D lent word 版本 5 The local government is trying all out to find out who is the forest fire A to blame for starting B to blame to start C to be blamed for startingD to be blamed to start 6 The railway bridge by 2012 will provide a faster route to transport goods A to be completed B is completed C completed D being completed 7 All the class except Eddie who is ill there A were expecting going B is expected to go C was expecting going D are expected to go 8 The Haiti earthquake at the beginning of 2010 is believed more than 100 0130 people and makes millions homeless it perhaps the most destroying earthquake in history A to kill making B to have killed making C having killed to make D killing made 9 I only know we will have a League meeting but I have no idea when it A shall we have B will we have C to have D having 10 What are you busy with The conference in our city next week as you know A held B will be held C be holding D to be held 11 An air France jet is reported in the Atlantic Ocean with 228 people aboard the airline s worst disaster in its 75 year history A to have crashed B to have been crashed C having crashed D having been crashed 12 Her husband and she are now at work on a new dictionary next year A to publish B being publishedC publishedD to be published 13 The 2010 World Expo in Shanghai is expected to attract more than 70 million visitors from home and abroad A to hold B to be held C heldD to be holding 14 When the telephone rang I happened in the kitchen but when I came over to get it it rang off A to cook B to have cooked C to be cooking D having cooked 15 I m wondering why the visitors chose to stay with the host family real local life A Experiencing B ExperienceC To experience D Having experienced 16 Why do you want the radio so much to the news sir A ListeningB ListensC Listened D To listen 17 The government has done everything it can the buried miners A to save B saving C save D saved 18 people have food and water the government has sent word 版本 enough supplies to quake hit Yushu A Make sure B To make sure C Making sure D Made sure 19 Our teachers often tell us the harder you study the more questions you will think of A asking B to ask C being asked D to be asked 20 To greatly raise people s living conditions A all kinds of measures have taken B they have taken all kinds of measures C it is said that they have taken all kinds of measures D I think they have taken all kinds of measures 21 the growing number of patients the clinic had to extend its service from five days to seven days a week A To accommodate B Accommodating C Being accommodated D Accommodated 22 Ted and his friends established a website offering useful information about thunderstorms similar accidents happening A prevent B preventingC to prevent D prevented 23 more about Participant Service of Expo 2010 Shanghai China call Hotline 86 21 962010 A To find out B Finding out C Find out D Having found out 24 He hurried to the hotel only his girlfriend had left A to tell B to be told C telling D told 25 60 miles a day you need your mountain bike in a very good state A Cover B Covered C To cover D Having covered 26 Our monitor it clear to us that he didn t want to waste time playing computer games left the Internet bar quickly A made B having made C making D had made 27 by greater demand of vegetables farmers have built more green houses A Driven B Being driven C To drive D Having driven 28 the chapter four times I finally understood the author s theory A Reading B Having read C To read D Read 29 Come on please give me some ideas about the project Sorry with so much work my mind I almost break down A filled B filling C to fill D being filled 30 The manager his factory s products were poor in quality decided to give his workers further training A knowing B known C to know D being known 31 The 82nd Oscars Academy Awards the best in film for 2009 was held on Sunday March 7 2010 A to honorB honoring C honored D having honored 32 The Hotel Al Arab the first and only 7 star hotel in the world was word 版本 designed in the shape of a sail of 321 meters A was considered B considering C being considered D considered 33 In 1888 a major French newspaper announced the death of Nobel in an article The merchant of death is dead which indicated that Nobel was only thought of as one from killing A read profiting B read to profit C reading profited D reading profiting 34 Nowadays many people about eating habits what they believe A take choices base on B make choices based on C do choices basing on D have choices to base on 35 China has a population of 1 3 billion it the largest country in the world by population A making B made C makes D to make 36 three times in a row the boxer decided to give up fighting A Having defeatedB To have defeated C Having been defeatedD To have been defeated 37 after a long walk Henry called and said he couldn t come for our party A Having worn out B Wearing out C Worn out D To be worn out 38 According to the report people in the areas are rebuilding their homes and many roads to the areas have been repaired A flooded lead B flooding leading C flooding to leadD flooded leading 39 What are on show in the museum Some pictures by middle school students A taking B having been takenC taken D being taken 40 They plan to go abroad for a holiday with all the task ahead of time A to finish B finished C finishing D having finished 41 in some areas the electricity was cut off residents in 8 counties spend their lunar New Year s Eve in darkness A Making matters worse makingB What was worse to make C Worse still makingD To make matters worse to make 42 From the school name on the package we guessed that it might belong to a student of our school A to mark B marking C marked D having been marked 43 In summer food will go bad if in room temperature A leaving B left C being left D having left 44 Once this city you ll find that there is so much surprise waiting for you to discover A visiting B visit C visited D to visit 45 Subway Line 4 into use in September 2009 has made traveling in Beijing easier word 版本 A having been put B putting C being put D put 46 Is there any possibility of the film in Paris International Festival Not in the least because the audience generally think little of it A trying out B tried out C to try out D being tried out 47 With three children school the couple have to leave their hometown in the countryside and work in big cities throughout the year A attending B to attendingC attendedD being attended 48 When I came in I found Lucy by the window to music A seated listening B seated listened C seating listened D seating listening 49 You should understand the math problem now you have had it three times A explaining B to explain C explained D explain 50 Stella was disappointed to find her new plan and fell into great depression A put awayB carried out C turned down D left out 非谓语专练习题解析 1B 考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略 根据 watching television 可知 主句的主语为 我们 并且 hear 后接不带 to 的不定式作宾补 故选 B 2D 考查不定式的完成时 根据 over the past few years 可知动作已经完成 故用不定式 的完成时 3B 考查非谓语动词的用法 句意 我恐怕不得不加班了 因仍有一些问题有待处理 根据 句意问题被解决可知选 B 4C 考查动词搭配及非谓语动词 此处考查短语 get sb to do sth 使某人做某事 5A 考查非谓语动词的用法 此处 to blame 用不定式的主动形式表被动 介词 for 后用动 名词 6A 考查非谓语动词的用法 不定式作定语表示将来的动作 7D 考查非谓语动词及主谓一致的用法 句意 除了 Eddie 班里的所有学生都期望去那里 8B be believed to have done sth 据信已经做了某事 making it perhaps the most destroying earthquake in history 为现在分词短语作结果状语 9C wh 疑问词 不定式 结构作宾语 表语或者同位语 表示 将来 要做的事情 等于从句 When we shall will have it 10D 考查非谓语动词的用法 根据 next week 可知选 to be held 不定式作定语表示将 来的动作 11A 此题考查非谓语动词的用法 据报道 一架装有 228 名乘客的法国飞机坠落在大西洋 是航空 75 年的历史上最大的灾难 12D 考查不定式作定语 此处 to be published 作定语 修饰 a new dictionary 意为 她和她的丈夫正在编写的明年要出版一本新的词典 13B 考查不定式作定语 此处 The 2010 World Expo to be held in Shanghai 即将在上海 举行的世博会 14C 考查不定式的进行时 句意 当电话响的时候 我碰巧正在厨房做饭 根据句意选 C 15C 考查不定式作目的状语 原句可改为 the visitors chose to stay with the host word 版本 family to experience real local life 句意 参观者选择和主人住在一起为了体验真正的 当地生活 16D 在情景对话中考查不定式作目的状语 原句为 I want the radio so much to listen to the news 此处 to listen 作目的状语 17A 考查不定式作状语 此句 can 后省略了 do 原句结构为 The government has done everything it can do to save the buried miners 18B 考查动词不定式作目的状语 句意 为确保人们有食物和饮用水 政府已经向玉树震 灾区运输足够的供应物资 19B 考查非谓语动词 此题容易错选 asking 因为 think of 已经有自己的宾语 the more questions 所以选 to ask 目的状语 意为 想出更多的问题来问 20 B 分析语境可知 为了提高人民生活水平的逻辑主语应为 他们 因此应用 they 做主 句主语 不定式做目的状语时 其逻辑主语应为主句主语 21A 考查不定式作目的状语 句意 为满足不断增长的病人的要求 诊所不得不把他们的 服务由一周五天增加到七天 22C 考查不定式作目的状语 句意 泰德和他的朋友们建立一个提供有关雷雨信息的网站 以避免类似事故的发生 根据句意选 C 23A 考查不定式作状语 此处不定式 to find out 表目的 24B 考查不定式作结果状语 句意 他急匆匆地到达旅馆却意外发现他的女朋友已经离开 了 此处不定式作状语表意外的结果 25C 考查不定式作状语 句意 为了每天行 60 英里 你的山地车需要好的车况 26B 考查非谓语动词的用法 本句可改为 Having made it clear to us that he didn t want to waste time playing computer games our monitor left the Internet bar quickly 先声明然后再离开 故用现在分词的完成时 27 A 考查非谓语动词的用法 此处过去分词短语 driven by greater demand of vegetables 作原因状语 28B 考查非谓语动词的用法 根据句意 read 动作应发生在 understand 前 故用现在 分词的完成时 I 和 read 之间是主动关系 故用现在分词状语 29B 考查非谓语动词及 with 的复合结构 此处 with 名词 现在分词的结构状语 30A 考查非谓语动词的用法 句意 因为懂得他的工厂生产的产品质量差 经理决定让他 的员工进修 此句可改为 Knowing his factory s products were poor in quality the manager decided to give his wor