MuscularSystem

Muscular System,Chapter Ten,Muscle,Note:musclemuscularmuscular systemmy/o-,Muscle,Note:dorsal musclebrachial musclethoracic muscleabdominal muscle,Muscle contraction,Muscles are contractile tissue that provides the body with motion, posture and energy through contraction.,Note: contractile (adj.) 会缩的，有收缩性的contraction (n.) 收缩，紧缩,向心收缩,离心收缩,等长收缩,Types of muscle, Skeletal muscle Visceral muscle Cardiac muscle, 骨骼肌，骨肌 脏肌 心肌,skeletonskeletalvisceravisceralcardiaccardi/o-cardiology 心脏病学，心脏病门诊，心脏内科,Note:,Supplement vocabulary:,心脏内科麻醉科肠胃科血液科肾脏科耳鼻喉科泌尿科内分泌科皮肤科神经内科肝脏科妇产科眼科,cardiologyanesthesiologygastroenterologyhematologynephrologyotolaryngologyurologyendocrinologydermatologyneurologyhepatologygynecologyophthalmology,Skeletal muscle,has striated and tubular fibers,is usually attached to skeleton,is voluntary.,Visceral muscleSmooth muscle,has nonstriated and spindle-shaped fibers,occurs in walls of internal organs,is involuntary.,Functions of muscular system,Movement of human bodyMaintenance of postureMovement of substancesGeneration of body heat,Cardiac muscle,has striated and tubular fibers,occurs in walls of heart,is involuntary.,Action and naming of Muscles,Prime mover (agonist)Antagonist (opposing muscle),主动肌 （主缩肌）对抗肌,When the biceps brachii (肱二头肌) on the anterior surface of the upper arm contracts to ex the arm, the triceps brachii (肱三头肌) on the posterior surface must relax. When the arm is extended, these actions are reversed.,Prime moverAntagonist,Body movement,abduction adductionflexionextensionpronationsupination eversioninversionrotation,abductoradductorflexorextensor pronator supinator evertor invertor rotator,外展肌内展肌屈肌伸肌 旋前肌旋后肌外翻肌内转肌 回旋肌,Body movement,levator depressortensor sphincter dorsiflexor,提肌降肌张肌括约肌脊屈肌,bladder,sphincter,urinary tract,Building blocks related to the muscular system,brachi/o- cephal/o-cervic/o-muscul/o-tend/o-, tendin/o-,ten/o-,brachia cephalon cervixmuscle tendon,臂头颈肌肉腱,brachial cephalic cervical muscular tendinous,Building blocks related to the muscular system,brachialgiabrachiocephalic cephalogenesiscephalocelecephaloplegiacervicothoracic musculoskeletaltendinoplastytendinitis,臂神经痛头臂的 头部形成脑膨出头肌麻痹颈胸的 肌与骨骼的腱成形术腱炎,Clinical and pathological conditions,dermat/o- my/o-fibr/o-cell-ten/o-blast/o- necr/o-plasia-spasm,-trophy-oma-algia-dynia-lysis-malacia-pathy-sclerosis-tonia,Note:-tonia tone 张力，正常的弹性,Clinical and pathological conditions,dermatomyositisfibromyitismyocellulitismyositismyotenositistenositisamyoplasiaamyotoniaamyotrophydystonia,皮肌炎纤维性肌炎肌蜂窝织炎肌炎肌腱炎腱炎肌发育不全肌迟缓肌萎缩肌张力障碍,Clinical and pathological conditions,myoblastomamyodystrophymyomamyoparalysismyosarcomamyotoniamyalgiamyodystoniamyolysismyomalacia,成肌细胞瘤肌营养不良肌瘤肌麻痹，肌瘫痪肌肉瘤肌强直肌痛肌张力障碍肌溶解肌软化,Clinical and pathological conditions,myonecrosismyopathymyosclerosismyospasmtenodynia,肌坏死肌病肌硬化肌痉挛腱痛,Tests and pharmacology,electromyography 肌电图描记法(EMG),Note:,electromyographyelectrocardiographyElectroencephalography,肌电图描记法心电图描记法脑电图描记法,Tests and pharmacology,myectomy 肌切除术,Note:liposuction 抽脂术lip/o-脂肪,A muscle relaxant is a drug which affects skeletal muscle function and decreases the muscle tone. It may be used to alleviate symptoms such as muscle spasms and pain. The term muscle relaxant is used to refer to two major therapeutic groups: neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics. Neuromuscular blockers act by interfering with transmission at the neuromuscular end plate.,肌肉松弛剂 (muscle relaxant),tone: 正常的弹性（伸缩性）muscle pain: myalgiatherapy: therapeutic spasmolytics: -lysis,Note:,They are often used during surgical procedures and emergency medicine to cause paralysis. Spasmolytics are used to alleviate musculoskeletal pain and spasms and to reduce spasticity in a variety of neurological conditions. While bot