人教版高一英语必修一Unit2知识点梳理及练习

Unit2 English around the world official adj 官方的 正式的 公务的 voyage n 航行 航海 conquer 征服 占领 because of 因为 come up 走近 上来 提出 native 本国的 本地的 n 本地人 本国人 actually 实际上 事实上 base 根据 n 基部 基地 墓础 at present 现在 目前 gradual 逐渐的 逐步的 enrich 使富裕 充实 改善 vocabulary 词汇 词汇量 词表 make use of 利用 使用 latter 较后的后平的 两者中 后者的 fluent 流利的 流畅 的 frequent adj 频繁的 常见的 usage 使用 用法 词语惯用法 command 命令 指令 掌 握 request 请求 要求 dialect 方言 expression 词语 表示表达 play a part in 扮演个角色 参与 2 短语归纳短语归纳 1 不只有一种英语 more than one kind of English 2 在一些重要方面 in some important ways 3 彼此不同 be different from one another 4 与现代英语不同 be different from modern present day English 5 起着的重要作用 play an important role part 6 起着越来越重要的作用 play a more and more an increasingly important part role 7 因为它特殊的作用 because of its special role 8 国际语言 an international language 9 在 16 世纪末 at the end of the 16 th century 10 在 17 世纪初 at the beginning of the 17 th century 11 在 20 世纪前期 in the early 20 th century 12 即使 even if even though 13 以德语为基础 be based on German 14 使用更大的词汇量 make use of a wider vocabulary 15 它自己的特色 its own identity 16 众多讲英语的人a very large number of English speakers 17 学英语的人数 the number of people learning English 18 信不信由你 believe it or not 19 讲最好的英语 speak excellent English 20 从一个地方搬到另一个地方 move from one place to another 21 充分利用不同的方言 make full use of different dialects 22 国际组织 an international organization 23 辨认出他的口音 recognize his accent 24 发出命令 give commands 25 提出客气的请求 make a polite request 要点提炼要点提炼 Section A 重要词语辨析 1 voyage journey travel trip tour 解释 voyage 去国外或较远地方的海上旅行 Columbus succeeded in making a voyage to America in 1942 journey 指较远的从一地到另一地旅行 距离较远 多指陆地 They will make a journey to Beijing by train travel 一系列的旅程 泛指旅游 We had six days travel by car trip 短途 旅行 The Greens will take a weekend trip to the Great Wall tour 为了公务 娱乐或教育参观多处名胜的旅行 We will make a tour of Hainan next week 练习 用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 1 It is tiring to take a long by train from Paris to Moscow 2 The from England to Australia used to take several months 3 We ll have time for a to France next weekend 4 We went on a guided round the castle 1 recognize realize know 1 recognize 指原来很熟悉 经过一段时间的间隔或别的原因后又重新认出来 2 realize 强调在经过一个过程后的了解 3 know 是延续性动词 指互相间十分熟悉 十分了解 应用 1 1 Only after you lose your health will you the importance of health 2 I ve Tom for years 3 I him as soon as he came into the room 2 such as for example that is and so on 1 such as 用于列举事物时常放在所列举事物与前面的名词之间 且其后不用逗号 直接跟所列 举的事物 可与 like 互换 它所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提的事物的总和 否则就用 that is 或 namely 2 for example 主要用于举例说明 其前后多用符号隔开 其位置比较灵活 可位于句首 句中 或句末 such as 只能位于所列举的事物之前 3 that is 相当于 namely 它所列举的事物的总量等于前面所提到的事物的总和 4 and so on 对几个事物进行列举时 在说了其中的几个以后 用 and so on 进行概括 说明还 有例子 但不一一列出了 练习 1 My daughter studies four subjects in school Chinese maths English and P E 2 Overcooking 烹饪过度 destroys many nutrients 营养素 3 He can speak some other languages French and German 4 There are some books pens erasers in my bag 4 a number of the number of 解释 a number of 意思是 若干 许多 the number of 意思是 的数目 练习 用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 1 Today people learning Chinese in the world is raising rapidly 2 books in the market are in English 重要词性变化 1 actual adj 实际的actually adv 实际上 事实 上 2 base n 基地 基础base v 以 为根据basic adj 基本的 3 east n 东方eastern adj 东方的 东部的 练习 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空 1 What did he say actual 2 The cost was much higher than we had expected actual 3 My knowledge of physics is pretty base 4 She used her family s history as a for her novel base 5 This novel is on historical facts base 6 He is interested in customs determine 7 The wind is blowing from the determine 重点词汇 短语 句式重点词汇 短语 句式 1 official adj 官方的 正式的 公务的官方的 正式的 公务的 You will have to get official permission to cut down the trees 你得获得官方批准才可以砍伐这 些树 There will be an official inquiry into the matter 将对这件事进行正式调查 拓展 official 或 officer 两者都有官员的意思 但是所指不同 1 official 常指政府官员或行政官员 2 officer 常指身特定制服的官员 如军官或者警官等 练习 我爸爸是军官 而他爸爸是政府官员 My father is an in the army while his father is an in the government 答案 officer official 3 native adj 本国的 本土的本国的 本土的 n 本地人 本国人本地人 本国人 The women are native people 这些妇女是本地人 Finally she returned to her native land 她最后返回了她的祖国 The panda is a native of China 熊猫原产于中国 注意 native 做形容词用时 只能做前置定语 be native to 意为 动植物 是 特有的 原产于 The tiger is native to India 这种虎产于印度 4 actually adv 实际上 事实上实际上 事实上 相当于 相当于 in fact as a matter of fact He looked calm but actually he was very nervous 他看起来很镇定 实际上却非常紧张 Perhaps I will stay up and watch the film Actually I think I will just go to bed 或许我会熬夜看这部电影 不过我想我还是去睡觉吧 其他 actually adv 居然 竟然 He actually expected me to pay for the ticket 他竟然指望我给他付票钱 actual adj 实在的 实际的 实际上 确实 What were his actual words 他到底怎么说的 5 base vt 以以 为基础为基础 n 基础 基地 基础 基地 I based my hopes on the good news we had yesterday 我把希望寄托在我们昨天的得到的好消 息上 This provides a good base for the development of new techniques 这为新技术的发展奠定了良好的基础 base sth on sth 以某事物为另一事物的根据或基础 be based on 以 为基础 on the base of 以 为基础 an air base 空军基地 The story is based on facts 这个故事是以事实为基础的 One should always base one s opinions on facts 一个人的观点应该以事实为基础 6 gradual adj 逐渐的 逐步的逐渐的 逐步的 gradually adv 逐渐地 逐步地逐渐地 逐步地 Things gradually improved 情况已经渐渐地改善 gradual adj 逐渐的 逐步的 This is a gradual change in his attitude towards his stepmother 他对待继母的态度正在逐渐改变 7 latter adj 较后的 后半的 后者的较后的 后半的 后者的 She lived a hard life in the latter part of her life 在她的后半生 她过的很辛苦 注意 the latter 已提到的两者中的 后者 通常与 the former 前者 相对应 They are two choices for us Many boys support the farmer but I favour the latter 注意区分 later 后来后来 8 frequent adj 频繁的 常见的频繁的 常见的 His visit became less frequent as time passed 随时时间的流逝 他渐渐不常登门了 frequently adv 常常 频繁的常常 频繁的 Buses run frequently from the city to the airport 公共汽车不断的从城市开往机场 词组词组 1 because of 因为 由于 典例 1 They are here because of us 他们是因为我们来这里的 短语归纳 because of 是复合介词 because 是从属连词 引导原因状语从句 练习 He came late to school again he got up too late The girl cried what the teacher said we have to cancel our trip the bad weather because of 的近义词组 thanks to 因为 由于 as a result of 由于 的原因 by reason of 因为 due to 因为 由于 owing to 归功于 Thanks to his help I finished the task on time 多亏了他的帮助 我按时完后了任务 I had to stay at home due to the weather 由于天气原因我只能呆在家里 e up 走近 上来 提出 典例 1 The little came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station 小男孩向陌生人走去 并告诉他去警察局的路 3 It is certain that the question will come up at the meeting 这个问题在会议上一定会被提出来的 5 I am afraid something urgent has come up 恐怕发生了什么急事 短语归纳 come across 邂逅 偶遇 come about 发生 come at 向 扑来 攻击 come from 来自 come out 出版 开花 结果是 come up with 想出 come true 实现 come down 下来 传承 练习 用 come 构成的词组填空 1 The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a bear him 2 The magazine once a month 3 I wish you can to England on your holiday 4 The engineers has new ways of saving energy 5 They an old school friend in the street this morning 3 at present 现在 目前现在 目前 1 present n 礼物 adj 在场的 目前的 vt 赠送 典例 1 The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents 这辆山地自行车是父母给我的生日 礼物 2 I am afraid I can t help you at present 恐怕现在我没法帮助你 3 In the present case I advise you to wait 按照目前的情况 我建议你等等 I am afraid I can t help you just at present I am too basy 恐怕现在我帮不了你 我太忙了 重点用法 at present at the present time now 目前 现在 be present at 出席 到场 反义 be absent from present sb with sth present sth to sb 把某物送给某人 注意 present 作为 adj 现在的 当前的 讲时 常做前置定语前置定语 而做 出席的 到场的 讲时 常做后置定语后置定语 He doesn t know how to deal with the present problem 他不知道则呢么应对当前的局势 The people present at the meeting are advanced workers 出席会议的人都是先进工作者 练习 中译英 1 所有 那些 在场者一眼就看出那个错误 2 这本书是哥哥赠送给我的 答案 1 The mistake was obvious to all those present 2 This book was a present from my brother 4 make use of 利用 使用 典例 1 You ought to make good use of any opportunity to practise English 你应该好好利用机会练 习英语 use 前可加形容词 表示不同程度的利用 短语归纳 make good use of 好好利用 make full use of 充分利用 make the best most of 充分利用 use up 用尽 耗尽 You are not making the best use of your talents 你并没有充分发挥你的才能 练习 1 要充分利用一切机会说英语 2 我们要很好地发挥她的才能 答案 1 Make full use of every chance you have to speak English 2 We will make good use of her talents 5 such as 例如 像这种的 1 Such poets as Keats and Shelley wrote Romantic poetry 有些诗人 如济慈和雪莱 写的是浪漫主义的诗歌 2 Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare 兰花和报春花之类的野花越来越少了 练习 用 such as 或 for example 填空 1 I like drinks tea and soda 2 The report is incomplete it doesn t include sales in France 句型句型 1 Why not go by underground 为什么不坐地铁去呢 为什么不坐地铁去呢 Why not V 原 句式 表示提出建议或对某些建议表示同意 why don t you we do 2 Which country do you think has the most English learners 解释 本句包含一个结构 疑问词 do you think believe expect find know suppose suggest 陈述句 此结构又称为双重疑问句 用来征询对某一观点的看法 判断 认识 猜测和请 求 表疑问的插入语又起到主句的作用 所以其后一定要用陈述句语序 注意 如果插入语是注意 如果插入语是 do you suggest 时 句中的谓语动词应用时 句中的谓语动词应用 should 动词原形动词原形 What time do you expect we will come and pick you up 你希望我们几点来接你 What do you suppose he will do after he hears about the good news 你认为他听到那个好消息后会做什么呢 Why do you think their team could win the football match 你认为他们队为什么能赢得那场 足球赛呢 3 Today more people speak English as their first second or a foreign language than ever before 如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多 他们有的是作为第一语言来说 有的是作如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多 他们有的是作为第一语言来说 有的是作 为第二语言或者外语 为第二语言或者外语 解释 than ever before 常与比较级连用 意为 比以往任何时候更 如 The stars were shining brightly in the dark sky and the night was more beautiful than ever before 繁星点缀在夜空里 夜晚比以往更美 练习 中译英 1 简看起来比以前漂亮多了 2 雨下得比以前更大 答案 1 Jane looks much prettier than ever before 2 It s raining harder than ever before 拓展 1 引导让步状语从句的引导词还有 although though no matter when what whenever wherever however 等等 2 as 也可以引导让步状语从句 但要把其表语 谓语或宾语前置 且前置的单数名词不 可以加冠词 Even though you achieve great success in your work you should not be conceited 即使你们在工作中取得了巨大的成绩 也不应该自满 Whatever you do do it well 不管你做什么 把它做好 However hot it is he won t take off his hat 不管多热 他都不摘下帽子 Girl as she is she can go alone in the darkness 尽管她是个女孩 她敢一个人走夜路 即境活用 1 2007 浙江 Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice they knew it to be valuable A as if B now that C even though D so that 4 Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don t speak the same kind of English 以英语作为母语的人 即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同 也可以互相理解 以英语作为母语的人 即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同 也可以互相理解 句中 even if 是连接词组 用来引导一个让步状语从句 意为 即使 尽管 相当于 even though We wouldn t buy the car even if we could afford it 即使我们付得起这笔钱 也不会买这辆车 注意 此句型主将从现的用法 We will visit the museum even though if it rains tomorrow 即使明天下雨我们也要去参观这家博物馆 辨析 even though if 和 as if though even though if 表示 尽管 即使 引导让步状语从句 as if though 表示 好像 引导方式状语从句或表语从句 其从句一般用虚拟语气 若所 陈述的情况很有可能实现 也可以用陈述语气 Even if he is poor she loves him Tom looks as if he were an artist 5 At first the English spoken in England between about AD450 and 1150 was very different from the English today 首先 大约在公园首先 大约在公园 450 年到年到 1150 年间 英国人所说的英语与今天年间 英国人所说的英语与今天 所说的英语很不不一样 所说的英语很不不一样 本句中两个 English 后面都跟了过去分词 spoken 做后置定语 相当于定语从句 which that is was spoken 过去分词作定语表示被动或完成 Have you read any short stories written by Lu Xun The building built there is our lab 注意 过去分词作定语的时候 单个的分词作定语的时候 一般位于其修饰的名词前 分词短语作定语 一般位于其修饰你的名词之后 被过去分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的 逻辑主语 该分词与被修饰词之间存在动宾关系 The stolen car was found by the police last week 警察上周找到了那辆失窃的车 Section B 重点词汇 短语 句式重点词汇 短语 句式 1 usage n 使用 用法 词语惯用法使用 用法 词语惯用法 It s not a word in common usage 这不是一个常用词 Car usage is predicted to increase 汽车的使用频率预计会增长 辨析 use 和 usage 作为名词 两者都有 使用 之意 但是用法略有不同 Usage 做 用法 讲的时候 侧重某物的使用方法或惯用法 做 使用 利用 的时候 侧重于 事物的使用频率 use 做名词用时 意为 用 使用 得到利用 强调的是某物 被使用的事实或状态 current English usage 当代英语惯用法 land usage 土地的利用 I am not sure that is the most valuable use of my time 我不能肯定我的时间这样安排是最有价 值的 例题 I don t know the of the world The church was built in the twelfth century and is still in today usage use 2 command n 通常 多半 the best part of sth 某事物的 绝大部分 尤指一段时间 for my part 就我来说 练习 中译英 1 有多少国家要参加 世界杯赛 2 对我来说 到哪儿吃饭都无所谓 答案 1 How many countries will be taking part in the World Cup 2 For my part I don t mind where we eat 其他短语 2 ever before 从前 3 even if though 即使 4 over time 长期以来 5 in the early days 在早期 6 Believe it or not 信不信由你 7 a number of N 许多 大量 作主语时 谓语用复数 the number of N 的数量 作主语时 谓语用单数 A number of people have read this novel The number of people here is 50 重点句型重点句型 1 Believe it or not there is no such thing as standard English 信不信由你 信不信由你 世界世界 上上 没有什么标准英语 没有什么标准英语 1 believe it or not 信不信由你 常在句中做插入语 2 no such thing 没有这样的事情 such 与 all no some any few little many much several one 等词连用时 应位于它们的后面 Believe it or not he refused to accept our offer 信不信由你 他拒绝接受我们的帮助 There is no such street in the city 这城市没有那样的街道 He said he didn t have time or made some such excuse 他说他没有时间或别的诸如此类的借口 即境活用 2 2009 安徽 I m amazed to hear from my school teacher again it is ten years since we met last A In a word B What s more C That s to say D Believe it or not 解析 句意 想不到又一次收到学校老师的来信 信不信由你 我们上次见面还是在十 年前 in a word 总之 what s more 而且 that s to say 也就是说 believe it or not 信不信由 你 答案 D 2 with 的复合结构的复合结构 应用 3 1 Come on please give me some ideas about the project Sorry With so much work my mind I almost break down A filled B filling C to fill D being filled 解析 with 复合结构中 work 和 fill 是主动关系 且表示正在进行 因此其后要用 doing 结构 答案 B 2 John received an invitation to dinner and with his work he gladly accepted it A finished B finishing C having finished D was finished 解析 根据 work 和 finish 是被动关系 可以判断出答案 答案 A 3 two exams to worry about I have to work really hard this weekend A With B Besides C As for D Because of 解析 根据句意 此处应采用 with 宾语 不定式 答案 A 4 It was cold outside the boy ran into the room his nose red A to B on C in D with 解析 这个句子考查 with 的复合结构的用法 用 with 名词 形容词 做状语表示伴随 情况 而 to on in 作为介词则没有这种用法 故排除 A B C 答案为 D 句意是 外 面天气很冷 那个男孩跑进了屋子时 鼻子红红的 答案 D 语法讲解语法讲解 引语的概念 以课文引语的概念 以课文 88 页为主 本文重在方法提炼与巩固 页为主 本文重在方法提炼与巩固 直接引述别人的原话 叫直接引语 直接引语通常都用引号括起来 用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来 叫间接引语 间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个 宾语从句 Direct Speech She said I like singing She said I am waiting for a bus Indirect Speech She said she liked singing She said she was waiting for a bus 总结 直接引语是陈述句 变为间接引语时用连词 that 引导宾语从句 从句中的人称 时态 指 示代词 时间状语 地点状语等相应变化 见课本 88 补充 Direct Speech She asked Have you seen the film He asks Are you a doctor John She asked us Where are you going to get off He asked them Who gave you a talk yesterday Indirect Speech She asked me whether if I had seen the film He asks John if whether he is a doctor She asked us where we were going to get off He asked them who had given them a talk the day before 总结总结 直接引语是一般疑问句直接引语是一般疑问句 变为间接引语时变为间接引语时 用连词用连词 if 或或 whether 连接 连接 直接引语是特殊疑问句直接引语是特殊疑问句 变为间接引语时变为间接引语时 仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导 仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导 解题步骤 1 陈述句 I don t like computers Sarah said to her friends 第一步 Sarah said to her friends that I don t like computers I she 时态 said 过去式 don t didn t 第二步 Sarah said to her friends that she didn t like computers 2 一般疑问句 Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil They asked him 第一步 It is easy to improve the condition of the soil 第二步 They asked him if it is easy to improve the condition of the soil 第三步 Asked 过去式 is was 第四步 They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil 3 特殊疑问句 When do you harvest the wheat They asked him 第一步 you harvest the wheat 第二步 They asked him When you harvest the wheat 第三步 you he harvest harvested 第四步 They asked him when he harvested the wheat 练习练习 1 He asked for the violin A Did I pay how muchB I paid how much C how much did I pay D how much I paid 2 Someone is ringing the doorbell Go and see A who is heB who he isC who is itD who it is 3 Can you tell me A how good is his spoken English B how well his spoken English is C how well he speaks English D how good he can speak English 4 He said that he had bought the jacket A before three days B three days before C three days ago D last week 5 Did you say A that what he said was true B that it was true that he said C what did he say was true D what he said it was true 6 Please tell me from A where do you comeB where you come C where you will come D there you come 7 Ask her come with us A if she willB if or not she will C that if she willD whether will she 8 The driver said that he pick a passenger at west street A will upB would up C will out D would out 9 He said he in 1993 A has born B had been bornC had born D was born 10 John me he was going to help me with my English A explainedB spoke C told D said 答案 1 A 2 B 3 C 4 B 5 A 6 B 7 A 8 B 9 D 10 C 单元小测 1 课文单词填空 At the end of the 16th century English was only spoken by people from England They were native speakers Today the largest number of people 1 speak English may be in China A lot of Chinese people speak English 2 their foreign language 3 English language has changed quite a lot over the last four centuries Old English sound more 4 less like German for it was 5 on German but modern English sounds more like French than German 6 England was once ruled by the French Two people had great effects on the English changes One was Shakespeare who 7 large the English 8 词汇 the other was Noah Webster 9 wrote a dictionary 10 gave American English its own identity 2 单词拼写 1 A lot of students p at the meeting took part in the discussion 2 The tall tree was struck by l and broke 3 The robber was caught when he was filling his car with p at the filling station 4 Go up in an e to the fifth floor 5 He looked calm but a he was very nervous 6 In the word happy the 重音 is on the first syllable 7 He has a poor 词汇 so he can t express himself correctly 8 The gentlemen disclosed their own 身份 9 Anyone who wants to learn English well must remember the 惯用法 of English 10 Though he is not a 本国的 English speaker he can speak English very fluently 3 单项选择 1 2009 安徽卷 Do you think it s a good idea to make friends with your students I do I think it s a great idea A ReallyB Obviously C ActuallyD Generally 2 His uncle made a film his story in his childhood A based on B was based on C basing on D to base on 3 2010 山东潍坊质量监测 It could be judged from her eyes she was very satisfied with her performance A what B which C that D where 4 The money collected should be made good use the people in Sichuan Province who suffered a lot in the earthquake A of helping B to help C to helping D of to help 5 During the flight to the Moon Chang e I Satellite adjusts her direction so that she can go into her programmed orbit and then circle around it at the most appropriate angle 角 度 A eventually B gradually C constantly D continuously 6 I m Chinese and I do feel Chinese language is most beautiful language What s your