高一定语从句(1)预学案

1 高一定语从句高一定语从句 1 简单句的五种句型简单句的五种句型 Basic Sentence Patterns 基本句子结构 1 主语 S 谓语 不及物动词 V 此句型的共同特点为 句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思 这类动词叫做不及物动 词 后面可以跟副词 介词短语 状语从句等 He went on holiday 他去度假了 The pen writes smoothly 这支笔写起来很流畅 2 主语 S 谓语 及物动词 V 宾语 O 此句型的共同特点是 谓语动词都具有实义 都是主语产生的动作 但不能表达 完整的意思 必须跟有一个宾语 即动作的承受者 才能使意思完整 这类动词叫做及物 动词 作宾语的可以为 名词 代词 动词不定式 疑问词 动词不定式 动词的 ing 形 式和从句 My sister is writing a letter at this moment 我妹妹此刻正在写一封信 Our teacher promised to see the movie with me 我们老师答应和我去看电影 I enjoy working with you 3 主语 S 谓语 系动词 V 表语 P 此句型的共同特点是 谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思 必须加上一个表明主语 身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语 才能表达完整的意思 这类动词叫做系动词 除了 be 动词外 还有一些动词也可以用作系动词 1 表感官的动词 feel smell taste sound look appear 等 2 表转变 变化的动词 become get grow turn go 等 3 表延续的动词 remain keep hold stay rest 等 4 表瞬间的动词 come fall set cut occur 等 This is an English Chinese dictionary 这是一本英汉词典 The dinner smells good 晚饭闻起来不错 The picture is on the wall My watch is gone missing lost 4 主语 S 谓语 及物动词 V 间接宾语 IO 直接宾语 DO 此句型的共同特点为 谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思 这两个宾语 一个是动作的直接承受者 另一个是动作的间接承受者 后接双宾语的动词有 1 do give hand lend offer owe pass pay send show tell wish write 等 2 buy choose fetch bring get leave make order play save sing spare 等 He brought you a dictionary 他给你买了一本词典 She cooked her husband a delicious meal 她为她丈夫做了一顿美味的饭 I showed him my pictures 我给他看了我的照片 通常情况下间接宾语在前 直接宾语在后 有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后 此时间接宾语前需加介词 for 或 to 间接宾语后置与 for 连用的动词有 buy make cook get choose sing find 等 间接宾语后置与 to 连用的动词有 give lend teach take return send pass 等 5 主语 S 谓语 及物动词 V 宾语 O 宾语补足语 OC 此句型的共同特点是 动词虽然是及物动词 但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意 思 必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语 才能使意思完整 可以作宾语补足语的为 名词 形容词 介词短语 动词不定式 分词 从句等 I heard my name called 我听见有人喊我的名字 2 I felt something moving 我感到有东西在动 练习 请判断下列简单句的类型 1 He looked unhappy at that time 2 He lost the money on his way home 3 Mr Wang taught us English last year 4 The time passed quickly 5 We are making our country more and more beautiful II 翻译下列句子 1 这故事听起来很有趣 2 我们只能给你腾出一个房间 3 在业余时间我喜欢听流行音乐和收集邮票 4 在我 14 岁生日时 爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车 5 我注意到凯特在图书馆里看书 一 定语从句及相关术语一 定语从句及相关术语 定语 可以由形容词 代词 数量词 名词 副词 不定代词 介词短语 分词等来担任 如果是一个句子担任定语 那么这个句子就是定语从句 Yanling is a chemistry teacher He is our friend We belong to the third world He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson The man over there is my old friend The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister The boys playing football are in Class 2 The trees planted last year are growing well now I have an idea to do it well You should do everything that I do 1 定语从句 又称形容词性从句 在复合句中修饰名词或代词 起定语作用 一般紧跟在它所 修饰的先行词后面 The girl who is standing there is Mary This is the car which he bought last year 2 先行词 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词 3 关系词 引导定语从句的关联词 关系代词有 that which who whom whose as 等 在定语从句中作主语 宾语 定语和表语 关系副词有 where when why 等 在定语从句中作状语 找出下列句中的定语从句 分析定语从句三要素 1 You are the right man whom we are looking for 2 I ve spent all the money that was given by my parents 3 Harry is the boy whose mother is our Maths teacher 4 I will never forget the day when I joined the party 5 This is the factory where the machines are made 关系词常有 3 个作用 1 引导定语从句 2 代替先行词 3 在定语从句中担当一个成 3 分 主语 宾语 表语 定语以及状语 练一练 Read this article from a UK school newspaper Underline the attributive clauses you find in the article David Holmes studied at our school from 2001 to 2004 He has recently returned from his studies in China David was one of the most helpful students that we ever had In 2004 he went to Oxford University where he became interested in Chinese culture After graduating from university he went to China to study Chinese at Beijing Language and Culture University Two years later he was able to speak fluent Chinese Upon finishing his studies he started travelling in China Some of the cities in China which he likes most are Bejing shanghai Harbin and Nanjing In China he developed an interest in teaching English to Chinese students Most of the students whom he taught have become his friends When he returned to Britain two months ago he brought back from China many interesting books dictionaries paintings and photographs he donated most of them to our school library Some of the books were gifts that he got from his Chinese friends and students The paintings that David donated to the school are being shown in the exhibition room Teachers and students at our school wish to thank David for his kindness Next month we will have our school open day We have invited David to be one of our guest speakers He will make a speech about his splendid experiences in china The speech is going to be at 3 p m on 9 October at the end of his speech there will be 30 minutes for questions and answers so if you are interested in knowing more about china you must not miss the chance to meet David at the open day 4 定语从句的分类 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 对比 1 The man who that is sitting there is Brad Pitt Amy who took weight loss pills now realizes that health is important 2 This is the place which that I visited ten years ago She is going to spend the winter holiday in Macao which returned to China in 1999 3 His sister who is studying in England will be back this summer His sister who is studying in England will be back this summer 总结 He is the student whose composition won the first prize I love the house whose windows face the lake My daughter whose body is slim still wants to lose some weight 区 别 名称 限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 从句和先行词关系 逗号 翻译 4 The clock struck thirteen which made everyone laugh 当先行词是地名人名 世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时 通常只用非 限制性定语从句 二 关系词的用法 二 关系词的用法 关系词 引导定语从句的关联词 关系代词有 that which who whom whose as 等 在定语从句中作主语 宾语 定语和表语 关系副词有 where when why 等 在定语从句中作状语 1 who whom which that 和和 whose 的用法 的用法 1 The girl who that is standing there is Mary 2 She is the girl who whom that I met that day 3 The trees which that are behind the office building have lost their leaves 4 This is the pen which that he bought yesterday 5 It is no longer the small town that it used to be 6 She has a brother whose name I can t remember 先 行词 成分 主语宾语表语定语 指人 指物 1 The guest we had been waiting for finally arrived 2 I know a young man sister is a nurse in that hospital 3 Have you got the present came this morning 4 That middle aged woman is talking to the headmaster is our new teacher 5 It was the meeting importance I did not realize at the time 练一练 I Complete the following article about high schools in the USA using who whom which whose There are several differences between high school in the USA and high schools in China For one thing students 1 study in the USA are in class only about twenty hours per week The rest of the time 2 they spend at school is used for independent study With so much free time students 3 do not make good use of their time may not pass their exams Students 4 the teachers fail may have to take the classes again For another thing many courses are classes 5 the students can study just for fun but 6 they do not have to take Finally students can often choose their classes and class times Some courses are required but the students can still decide the teacher 7 class they wish to take They can choose to take the class of a teacher 8 they like or respect 注 为以下情况时 注 为以下情况时 who 不与不与 that 通用 通用 a 先行词为不定代词 he one s anyone those 时 用 who He who laughs last laughs best One who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man 5 b 一个句子中带有两个定语从句 其中一个定语从句的关系代词是 that 另一个用 who The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard 注 有些情况下 只能用注 有些情况下 只能用 that 而不能用 而不能用 which 1 Later they talked of schools and persons they visited 归纳 2 This is the very book belongs to him This is the only dictionary that the student has 归纳 3 This train is the first will go to Beijing This is the most interesting film I ve ever seen 归纳 4 He did everything he could to help us I am sure she has something that will interest you 归纳 5 China is no longer the country it used to be 归纳 6 Which are the books you bought for me They secretly built up a small factory which produced things could cause pollution 归纳 注 注 有些情况下只用关系词有些情况下只用关系词 which 而不宜用而不宜用 that 非限制定语从句 从句中缺少主语或者宾语时只用 which He came late for the meeting which made us very disappointed 介词提前只用 which I can t find the shop in which I bought the book 注 注 whose 的用法的用法 I saw a woman whose bag was stolen I saw a woman the bag was stolen I saw a woman the bag was stolen Please show me the bag whose cover is red Please show me the bag the cover is red Please show me the bag the cover is red 练一练 1 We meet every month to talk about poems and poets we like 2 All the presents your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away 3 There is little remains to be said 4 This is the very book I have been looking for 5 Have you seen the play leading role is played by Lily s sister 6 Shanghai is no longer the city it used to be 7 For those love natural recreation it is possible to walk sail or cross country ski for hours or even days without meeting another person 8 This is one of the most exciting football games I have ever seen II Combine the sentences 1 The man is the headmaster The man is standing in front of the school library 6 2 Next to him stands a girl The girl s name is Tina 3 I like the gift He bought the gift for me 4 Can you lend me the book You talked about it last night 5 He is a great thinker His name will be remembered 6 The woman got the job I referred to the woman the other day 2 which 和和 as 的区别的区别 1 as 引导非限制性定语从句 可放在主句之前 或者主句之后 甚至可以切割一个主句 which 引导的非限制性 定语从句只能放在主句之后 as 常被译为 正如 而 which 常被译为 这一点 这 1 As is known to all China is a developing country 2 He is from the south as we can see from his accent 3 John as you know is a famous writer 4 He has been to Paris more than several times which I don t believe 注 当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时 常用 which He was late again which made his teacher angry as 引导定语从句常用结构 as 主语 see know expect imagine suppose as is seen known expected imagined supposed as is often the case 练一练 1 anybody can see Canada is a beautiful country A What B Which C It D As 2 Jen said she could finish the project within two weeks I doubt very much A who B which C when D that 3 He came here very late was unexpected A who B which C as D that 2 as 引导限制性定语从句 当先行词被 the same 所修饰时 关系词既可以用 as 表同一类型 也可以用 that 表同一事物 1 She wants to buy the same bike as my classmate lent me yesterday 2 This is the same pen that I lost yesterday 当先行词被 such so 修饰时 关系词应当用 as 而 so that such that 引导结果 状语从 句 如此 以致 1 The Disneyland is such an interesting place as every child likes 2 The Disneyland is such an interesting place that every child likes it 练一练 1 Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an exam none of us could work out 2 We have found such materials are used in their factory 3 Look Mary is wearing the same dress you are wearing You are using the same pen I lost yesterday Where did you get it 7 4 2012 福建卷 The air quality in the city is shown in the report has improved over the past two months A thatB itC asD what 5 2012 江西卷 By 16 30 was almost closing time nearly all the paintings had been sold A whichB when C what D That 三 定语从句中的主谓一致三 定语从句中的主谓一致 1 Mr Smith is the only one of those foreigners who in China since 2000 A workB has been workingC are workingD is working 2 Mr Smith is one of those foreigners who in China A workB has been workingC are workingD is working 3 I who your best friend will surely stand on your side A isB areC amD Was 4 He has passed the exam which make his parents quite happy 练一练 1 The Great wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that see from the moon 2 He who be very busy can t help us at the moment 3 As be known to everybody Taiwan is a part of China We must unify it 4 I still remember the teachers and the school that be talked of yesterday evening 补 补 Language points 1 graduate vi inB In offC On roundD Upon on 8 3 For one thing For another thing 一方面 另一方面 用来表示两个并列的 原因 for one thing 也可单独使用 I can t travel with you For one thing I ve no money For another I m too busy I won t go to the concert tonight 原因之一 I have to work extra time 4 independent adj 独立的 教材原句 The rest of the time which they spend at school is used for independent study be independent of 不依赖 independence n 独立 from dependent adj 依赖的 依靠的 be dependent on I used to be dependent on my parents Now I m independent of them 1 你应该学习独立不要依赖父母 You should learn to be your parents 2 这个国家靠外援生存 The country is foreign aid 3 阿尔及利亚在 30 多年前脱离法国独立 Algeria won France more than 30 years ago 5 make use of 利用 教材原句 With so much free time students who do not make good use of their time may not pass their exams 充分利用 make full good use of make the best most of 1 The money collected should be made good use the people in Taiwan who suffered a lot in the earthquake A of helpingB to helpC to helpingD of to help 2 The manager told us that very little was made of the waste material in the past A costB valueC useD matter 巩固练习 I Words 1 The rest of the time they spend at school is used for i study that is studying on their own 2 Upon g from university David was able to speak Chinese f 3 Immediately the students became used to a life in the British school Professor Williams asked them to write a composition about how to start a new school club 4 He will make a speech about his s experiences in China 5 If parents and their children don t e ideas with each other there will be generation gap 代沟 between them II Complete the following sentences according to the Chinese given 1 他捐赠给学校的画正在展览 The paintings he the school in the exhibition room 2 在中国旅行期间 他对中国的文化产生了兴趣 He Chinese culture when visiting in China 3 Time should 充分利用时间 to work hard 4 I can t go traveling 一方面 I have no time 另一方面 I have no money 9 5 你工作越努力 进步就越快 you work t you will make III Multiple choice 1 People spoke highly of the driver in spite of the terrible weather had saved his passengers from danger A which