欧洲文化入门试卷及答案.doc

欧洲文化入门I. Choose the most appropriate one for the following blanks. (60 POINTS)1. Two major elements in European culture are _. A. the Greek and Roman B. the Judaism and ChristianityC. the Greco-Roman D. A and B抓住两条线索。一条是社会文化发展线索，那就是希腊和罗马文化历史。另一条则是精神宗教形成线索，即犹太教和基督教历史2. _ deals with the Trojan War (the Greek states led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy ).A. The Odyssey B. The Iliad C. Prometheus Bound D. Persians 荷马史诗描述的正是希腊人与特洛伊人之间的战争（以利亚特和奥得赛）3. The play Prometheus Bound was written by _.A. Aeschylus B. Aristophanes C. Euripides D. Sophocles 4. The best writer of comedy of the ancient Greece was _ , who is Father of Comedy.A. Euripides B. Aristophanes C. Sophocles D. Aeschylus喜剧家：Aristophanes Comedy writer5. _ was one of the earliest exponents 解释者of the atomic theory.A. Home B. Heracleitue C. Democritus D. Socrates Democritus Materialist, one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory6, _by Plato is a book about the ideal state ruled by a philosopher but barring poets.A. Dialogues B. The Apology C. The Republic D. Symposium讨论会7. Dante called _ the master of those who know.A, Aristotle B. Plato C. Socrates D. Archimedes 8. Euclid is even now well-known for his _.A. Elements B. Poetics C. Ethics D. Politics Euclid a textbook of geometry Euclid-Elements9. _ has been a big subject for discussion among writers and artists.A, Discus Thrower B, Venus de Milo C, Laocoon group D, Parthenon 10. Herodotus, Father of History, wrote about the war between _ .A. Athens and Sparta B. Athens and SyracuseC. Athens and Persians D. Greeks and Persians Herodotus wrote about wars between Greeks and Persians Father of history11. It is _ who was the founder of scientific mathematics.A. Heracleitus B. Aristotle C. Socrates D. Pythagoras Pythagoras All things were numbers founder of scientific mathematics12.Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of _ in 27 B. C.Rome B. Augustus C. The Roman Empire D. Pax Romana 公元前27年，元老院授予屋大维“奥古斯都”和“大元帅”的尊称13. The great epic史诗, The Aeneid, was written by _.A. Lucretius B. Virgil C. Julius Caesar D. Cicero 维吉尔 他是罗马文学中最重要的作家。代表作品是阿尼德。14. The oldest and most important of the Old Testament of 39 books are the first five books, called _.A. Deuteronomy B. Exodus C. the Pentateuch D. Genesis Hebrew人的历史口头传送记入the old Testament，旧约包含39本书最重要的前五本是Pentateuch最重要的前五本是摩西五书15. In _ the Jews were carried away into the Babylonian Captivity(巴比伦之囚).A. 169 B. C. B. 586 B. C. C. 536 B. C. D, 721 B.C. 16. The most important and influential of English Bible is _, first published in 1611.A. The Septuagint B. The Vulgate C. Wycliffs version D. Authorized version最重要的也是最具影响力的圣经译本是最初发表于1611年的官方版圣经或詹姆斯王圣经17. _ is the oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament. A. The Septuagint B. The Vulgate C. Wycliffs version D. Authorized version Greek Bible叫Septuagint18. It is generally accepted that _ and Shakespeare are two great reserviors of Modern English.A. the Bible B. the English Bible C. the New Testament D. the Old Testament 英语圣经和莎士比亚的作品被成为现代英语的两大源头。19. The Middle Ages is a period in which _ , _ and Gothic heritages merged. A. Greco-Roman, Christianity B. classical, ChristianC. Greek, Roman D. classical, Hebrew 5-11世纪a period in which classical, Hebrew and Gothic heritage merged 20. The centre of medieval life under feudalism was _.A. knighthood B. the manor领地C. the Church D. polis 当时最基本的经济组织是封建庄园（manor）21. In 1054, the Christian Church was divided into _ and the Eastern Orthodox东正教的Church.A. Christianity B. the Roman Church C. the Roman Catholic天主教徒Church D. the Western Catholic 1054,教堂分裂为the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church22. _ by Aquinas forms an enormous system and sums up all the knowledge of medieval theology.A. Summa Theologica B. Summa Contra Gentiles C. Opus maius D. Beowulf St. Thomas Aquinas(Scholasticism)写了 Summa Theologica，这本书sums up all the knowledge of medieval theology神学23. The Anglo-Saxon epic _ originated from the collective effort of oral literature.A. Song of Roland B. the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles历代记. C. Beowulf D. the Divine超人的Comedy 出现了长篇的史诗（Epic）。日耳曼人的一支盎格鲁 萨克逊人的史诗贝欧伍尔夫是流传至今的早期英雄史诗最完整的一部24. Generally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between _.A. the 13th and 15th centuries B. the 14th and mid-17th centuryC. the 15th and 16th centuries D. the 14th and 16th centuries 14th and 17th Century Starting in Florence and Venice25. _ is the essence of the Renaissance.The revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman cultureAttempts to get rid of conservatismThe flowering of paintings, sculpture and architectureHumanism 人文主义提出人是宇宙的中心，对“人”的肯定，成了资产阶级思想的核心。26. Fracesco Petrarch, the author of _, is known as Father of Humanism.A. the Decameron B.Canzoniers C. David D. Sleeping Venus 彼特拉克被称为现代诗歌之父27. After Reformation, _ came into being.A. Christianity B. Calvinism C. Lutheranism D. Protestantism John Calvin 基督教教义 one of the most influential theological works Calvinism28. Which was NOT true about Durer A, The leader of the Renaissance in Germany B, A master of woodcutC, Never being to Italy D, A follower of Martin Luther 版画家丢勒（Durer）的木雕29. Father of modern astronomy is _.A. Da Vinci B. Amerigo Vespucci C. Nicolaus Copernicus D. Marchiavelli Copernicus The father of modern astronomy 现代天文学之父30. Vosari was best known for his entertaining biographies of _.A. Fabrica B. Prince C. the Divine Comedy D. Lives of the Artists Vesalius marked the beginning of a new era in the study of anatomy (解剖学) founder of modern medicine31. _s theories have given rise to important developments of modern science, ranging from Freudian psychology to Einsteinian physics.Galileo Galilei B. Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz C. Sir Isaac Newton D. Johannes Kepler Leibniz Distinguishes three levels of understanding: self-conscious(自我意识)conscious(意识)unconscious/subconscious (潜意识)他和牛顿都是caculus的创始人32. In the first _ , Locke flatly rejected the theory of divine right of kings.A. the Advancement of Learning B. the New Atlantis C. Essay Concerning human Understanding D. Treatise of Civil GovernmentLocke 政治论 Materialist views (ideas derived from sensation or from reflection) Social Contract 33. Thomas Hobbess _ is one of the most celebrated political treatises in European literature.A. Leviathan B. the Advancement of Learning C. Essay Concerning human Understanding D. Treatise of Civil Government Hobbes 利维坦 Materialist (knowledge come from experience) Social Contract 英国 认为最好的统治方式是monarchy霍布士在他的著作利维坦中提出国家论与社会契约论，他的理论是极端的王党政治34. The theme of _ is the fall of men. A. New Method B. Treatise of Civil GovernmentC. Essay Concerning human Understanding D. Paradise Lost 35. _ was the best representative dramatist of French classical comedies.A. Corneille B. Racine C. Molire D. Descartes Moliere 达尔杜夫愤世嫉俗吝啬鬼 the best representative dramatist of French Classical comedies36. Which of the following artists helped to gring the Roman Baroque style to its climax A. Rubens B. Bernini C. Borromini D. Caravaggio 660年到1730年，巴洛克艺术中心转移到法国，其代表人物有画家卡拉瓦乔（0、委拉丝贵支、鲁本斯、伦布朗等，雕塑家贝尼尼、波罗米尼等37. Whose doctrines of the separation of powers became one of the most important principles of the U.S.constitution _A. John Locke B. Rousseau C. Voltaire D. Montesquieu洛克的学说受到了英国革命、美国革命中资产阶级的欢迎38. In which of Diderots works, the author developed his materialist philosophy and fore-shadowed the doctrine of evolutions as later proposed by Charles Darwin _A. Philosophical Thoughts B. Rameaus NephewC. Elements of Physiology D. Encyclopedie这一时期法国哲学还有以狄德罗为代表的“百科全书派”。39. _ , novelist, is often called the founder of English domestic novel.A. Walter Scott B. Henry Fielding C. Samuel Johnson D. Samuel Richardson Samuel Richardson The founder of English domestic novel40. Which of the Lessings works was a landmark in the 18th-century German drama _A. Minna Von Barnhelm B. LaocoonC. Hamburgische Dramaturgie D. Nathan the Wise 他的主要作品有剧本明娜 冯 巴尔赫姆（Minna Von Barnharm）和智者纳旦（Nathan the Wise）41. In _ , Goethe draws on a immense variety of cultural material. It is not only his own masterpiece but the greatest work of German literature.A. the Sorrow of Young Werther B. FaustC. Wilhelm Meisters Travels D. Poetry and Truth其作品有少年维特的烦恼、威廉 迈斯特的学习时代、威廉 迈斯特的漫游时代、浮士德。42. Among Schillers works, _ was a play best known to the Chinese audience.A. The Robbers B. Wallenstein C. Cabal and Love D. Wilhelm Tell 席勒的作品有强盗（The Robber）、阴谋与爱情（Cabal and Love）、瓦伦斯坦（Wallenstein）43. Kants years of his philosophical studies are crystalized in three difficult books; among them ,_ was the most important single book by any modern pholosopher.General History of Nature and Theory of the HeavensCritique of Practical Reason C. Critiquue of Judgement D. Critique of Pure Reason Critique of Pure Reason44. It has been said that the world had waited centuries for _ and he was only to remain here a moment.A. Beethoven B. Haydn C. Mozart D. Bach 45. Which of the following writers or poets is usually called the father of European historical novel _.A. Goethe B. Victor Hugo C. Daniel Defoe D. Walter Scott 瓦尔特 司格特在叙事文学方面做出了很大贡献，创始了欧洲历史小说。46. In 1798, _, a volume of poems by Wordsworth and Coleridge, made literary history.A. Songs of Experience B. Lyrical Ballads抒情诗C. Isles of Greece D. Ode to the West Wind 47. Beauty is truth, truth beauty is the ending of _poem Ode on a Grecian Urm.A.Keats B.Byrons C. Shelleys D. Scotts 48. _ stood in the van of the Romantic movement in Russia, _ is generally recognized as his masterpiece.A. Lermontov, A Hero of Our Time B. Pushkin, Luslan and LiudmilaC. Pushkin, Boris Godunov D. Pushkin, Eugene Onegin Pushkin: 俄国浪漫主义先锋(van) a Byronic character his masterpiece is 创造了俄国文学中的第一个“多余的人“的典型49. The publication of Mickiewiczs _ is uaually taken as the beginning of Romanticism in Polish literature.A. Sonnets from the Crimea B. Konrad WallenrodC. Ballads and Ramances D. Pan Tadeusz 50. Beethovens _ is a choral symphony, choosing as a text for the finale Shillers Ode to Joy.A. Symphony No. 3 B. Symphony No. 5 C. Symphony No. 6 D. Symphony No. 9 51. - is the most important work by Marx about Marxist.A. Thesis on Feuerbach B. The Manifesto of the Communist PartyC. The German Ideology D.Capital 52. Based on _ , Marx and Engels developed their own dialectical materialism.Dialectical materialism B. theory of revolutionMeans of intercourse D. destructive force53. Darwin learned from- that in the struggle for existence, only the strongest survived.A Malthus B Lamarck C Lyell D. Huxley 54. In art and literature the term-is used to identify a literary movement in Europe and the United States in the last half of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th c