核心词汇与语法专训班讲义-陈正康.doc

陈正康老师的成功英语誓言Whether you are lion or gazelle you must sprint for survival！Whether you are poor or wealthy you must strive for success！I can make itYes I can目录1.基础篇31.1 考研核心词汇突破31.1.1 真题回放31.1.2 必备词缀61.1.3 核心词根111.2考研核心语法与长难句分类解析161.2.1【真题回放】161.2.2【难句分析方法】161.2.3【核心语法透析】17第一章 英语从句17第二章 倒 装20【真题考点】21第三章 其它结构21【虚拟语气】21【插入语】23【真题考点】23【并列结构】23【真题考点】24【比较结构】24【强调句】242.提高篇242.1阅读理解命题思路透析242.2完形填空的命题思路272.3 考研英语高分写作30重点小结341.基础篇1.1 考研核心词汇突破1.1.1 真题回放professionalization prfenlazen n.职业化，专业化 industrialization ndstrlazen n.工业化，产业化 interrelationship ntrlenp n.相互关系interprovincial nt(r)prvnl a.各省之间的，省际的 真题例句 But “national” doesnt have to mean that. “National” could mean interprovincial provinces combining efforts to create one body.2005年新题型 例句精译 但全国性并不意味着非得在全国范围内；也可以指省与省之间联手创立一个实体。 environmentalist nvarnmentlst n.环境保护论者，环境论者 disproportionate dsprpnt a. 不成比例的 真题例句 By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations.1995年阅读4 例句精译 学校里最糟糕的竞争形式就是不恰当的强调考试。 irresponsibility irispnsbiliti n.无责任 pretechnological priteknldikl a.前技术时代的 unpredictability nprdktbl n.不可预测性 真题例句 Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research.1999年阅读5 例句精译 不可预测性是科学研究不可缺少的一个重要特征。 dissatisfaction dsstsfkn n.不满，不平，令人不满的事物 intellectualism intilektjulizm n.智力活动；才智主义，知性主义 真题例句 Ravitchs latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism () in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be.2004年阅读4 例句精译 莱维西最新著作回顾：一百年来学校改革的失败探索学校里反学识倾向的根源，书中的结论是：学校根本未能制衡美国人对学识追求的厌恶。但学校是能够并应该做到这一点的。 overcrowdedness vkraddns n.过度拥挤 真题例句 The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more bearable climates.1998年阅读4 例句精译 离开人口过度稠密区的做法影响了以前那种离开寒冷地带去气候宜人之地的趋势。 microbiologist makrbaldst n.微生物学家 microprocessor makrprses n.微处理器 misinformation misinfmein n.报错，错误的消息 subconsciously sbknsl a.下意识的 真题例句 Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned.1995年阅读3 例句精译 因此，曾经在大家庭内部通过日常交流就可下意识学到的东西，现在却要有意识地去学。uncontrollable nkntrlbl a.无法控制的 真题例句 Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: “Wont the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?”2001年阅读4 例句精译 这些国家的许多人面对这个浪潮开始忧虑：“企业合并的浪潮会不会变成一股不可控制的反竞争的力量？” antibacterial ntibktiril a.抗菌的；n.抗菌药 真题例句 He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery.1994年阅读5 例句精译 他（亚历山大弗莱明爵士）是对抗菌物质进行了长达9年的实验才有了这项发明。 dispassionate dspnt a.冷静的，平心静气的 真题例句 Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassionate manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.2003年翻译 例句精译社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为forgetfulness fgetflnis n.遗忘 incompetently inkmpitntli ad.无能力地 insensitivity insenstiviti n.不敏感 insignificant nsgnfknt a.无关紧要的，可忽略的，无意义的 interactivity ntrktv n.互动性 真题例句 The examples of Virtual Vineyards, A, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.1999年阅读2 例句精译 像Virtual Vineyards和A及其他开拓者的例子说明：一个销售适类商品的网站，如果将交互性、热情服务、安全性合理结合，肯定会吸引网上用户的。 intermarriage ntmrd n.联姻，异族结婚 真题例句 Now, consider three indices of assimilation -language, home ownership and intermarriage.2006年阅读1 例句精译 现在，考虑同化作用的3个标志语言、拥有家庭和异族婚姻。 multinational mlti:nnl a.多国的，跨国公司的；n.跨国公司 真题例句 Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982.Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly.2001年阅读4 例句精译 跨国公司在1982年只占有国际贸易不到20%的份额。而现在，这个数字上升到25%强，并且还在迅速上升。 nonconformist nnknf:mst a./n.不墨守陈规的（人） 真题例句 45. Straitford is most proud of its _.2003年阅读1 B nonconformist image 例句精译 45、“Straitford”感到最骄傲的是它的_。 B 与别人不一致的形象 preconception pri:knsepn n.预想，偏见 prescientific pri:saintifik a.科学以前的，近代科学以前的 supercomputer sju:pkmpju:t n.超型计算机 underestimate ndrestimeit v.低估 unenlightened ninlaitnd a.无知的，落后的 真题例句 The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life.1996年阅读5 例句精译 所有这些书的目的是试图告诉那些迷惑而且常常是还不开通的人：就宇宙和生命的起源与发展问题而言，不可能存在两种都成立的科学理论。 unfortunately nftntli ad.不幸地 unsustainable nsstenbl a.不能成立的，不能支持的 真题例句 Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable.Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it.2003年阅读4 例句精译 任何人都明白这个趋势不可能维持下去，但是很少有人愿意扭转它。1.1.2 必备词缀第一组ab 表示背离，否定abnormal bn:ml a. 1. 反常的，不正常的（abnormal phenomenon）第二组 co/col/cor表示合作co- cooperate kupreitv. 1. to work or act together toward a common end or purpose合作2. be compliant顺从3. benefit协作词汇扩充1. cooperation n. 合作，协作2. cooperative n. 合作的，协力的col/cor- collaborate klbreitvt. 1. to work together协作,合作 2. to cooperate with an enemy occupation force in one s country勾结collection kleknn. 1.the art or process of collecting收集2. 收集物correlate k:r,leitv. 1. to put or bring into causal, complementary, parallel, or reciprocal relation 相互联系n. 1. either of two correlate entities; a correlative 相关一方第三组： 前缀de 1 表示 分解，拆开construction knstrkn 建设 construction bank of chinadestruction distrkn 破坏destructive distrktiv 破坏性的decode ,di:kudv. 1. 解码detach dittvt. 1. disconnect; to remove from association; to send分开，分离，分遣，派遣（军队）2 表示向下depress dipresv. 1. 使郁闷, 使压抑第四组dis- 1 表示 不，否定disable diseibv. 1. to deprive of capability or effectiveness 使无能为disappear ,dispiv. 1. no longer be visible; vanish消失；失踪2. stop existing不复存在disability ,disbiltin. 1. incapacity无能为力；无能力2. a disadvantage or deficiency限制，不利条件disappoint ,dispintvt. 1. to fail to satisfy the hope, desire, or expectation失望2. to frustrate or thwart破灭，挫败（计划等）discomfort diskmftn. mental or bodily distress不适，病痛v. to make uncomfortable; distress使不舒服2 离去discard disk:d, disk:dvt. to throw away; reject丢弃，抛弃，遗弃习惯用语into the discard成为无用之物；被遗忘disclose diskluzv. to make known (something heretofore kept secret) 揭示，泄露第五组im/in 1. 表示里面 imprison imprizn构词 im进入+prison监狱监禁v. to put in or as if in prison; confine束缚；禁锢真题例句inborn inb:na. 1. possessed by an organism at birth天生的;2. inherited or hereditary遗传的，继承的2. 表示否定 impatient impeinta. 1. expressing or produced by impatience不耐烦的，急躁的2. restively eager or desirous; anxious急切地热望的或渴望的3. intolerant不能容忍的incapable inkeipbla. 1. lacking the necessary ability, capacity, or power无能的；没用的2.incompetent不胜任的3. not admitting or permitting; not susceptible不容许的；无法做的总结：否定的词缀1. non nonsense nnsnsn. 1. 废话2. 胡说；胡闹3. 可笑，夸张4. usefulness 无价值的性的东西nonstop nnstpa. made or done without stops不停的2. neg- negative netiva. 1. 否定的2. 消极的3. 阴性的n. 负数; （摄影）底片v. 1. veto拒绝赞同；反对2. to counteract or neutralize阻碍neglect nilektv. disregard忽视；疏忽n. habitual lack of care疏忽；忽略（常与of连用）3 mis- misfortune misf:tnn. a distressing occurrence, bad fortune or ill luck不幸，灾祸，灾难mistrust ,mistrstn. lack of trust不信任v. to regard without trust or confidence怀疑第六组: re 表示重复，回来 remember rimembv. 1. think of again记得2. to recall to the mind with effort努力想起3. to retain in the memory记下来remind rimaindvi. 1. inform (sb) to do sth提醒（某人）注意某事2.使回想起或意识到链接 reminder n. 提醒的人，暗示remark rim:kn. 1. a comment (about, on)评语，意见2. the act of noticing or observing注意或看到的动作vi. 1. to make a comment or an observation (on)评论2. observe注意到第七组: trans 表示 跨越transform trnsf:m, trnz-, tr:n-vt. to change markedly the appearance 转化；改造，改造transportation ,trnsptein, ,trnz-, ,tr:n-n. 1. 运送2. 运输工具3. fare. 运费4. 流放链接 1. transportable a. 可运输的；可流放的2. transported a. (with sth) 情不自禁able 表示能力enable ineiblv. 使能够 enable sth enable sb to do Example :The dictionary enables us to understand English words.真题例句1. Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. (2009翻译)补充： en 表示 使动endanger indeindvt. to expose to harm or danger; imperil使受危险或伤害；危及endure indjuv. to carry on throughs; undergo; to bear with tolerance; to continue in existence; last忍受，持久，持续词汇派生 endurance n.忍耐(力)，持久(力)，耐久(性)真题例句1. “In Japan,” says educator Yoko Muro, “its never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure.” (2004 Passage 4)enjoy indiv. to receive pleasure or satisfaction from. 享受的乐趣真题例句1. One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. (2004 Text 2)enlighten inlaitnv. to give spiritual or intellectual insight to启发，启蒙，教导真题例句1. “They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened.” （1998 Passage 3）1.1.3 核心词根form 表示形成，形状conform knf:mv. 1.to correspond in form or character; be similar一致2.comply适合词汇派生 1. conformity 一致,遵守reform rif:mvi. n. to improve by alteration, correction of error, or removal of defects; put into a better form or condition改革，改造，改良inter 表示中间interact intrktv. 1. 相互作用；相互影响；2. act together or co-operatively（指人）一起活动或互相合作词汇派生1. interactive a. 一起活动或互相合作的交互式的2. intercourse 交流，交往，交际3. interaction 相互作用（interact+ion名词后缀相互影响）international ,intnnla.国际的；国际间进行的； n.国际比赛；国际比赛选手链接1. internationalize, -ise v.将（某事物）置于国际共管之下；使国际化2. internationally 国际的; 3. internet n. 国际互联网，因特网ject 表示 扔inject indektv. 1. force (a drug or other liquid) into给某人注射（药物或其他液体）2. ontroduce into向介绍，引进（新思想、感情等）词汇派生1. injection n.注射project prdekt, pru, prdektn.方案，工程，项目v. 1. 投射，放映2. 设计，规划3. to convey an impression 传达向观众或其他人传递对的印象词汇派生1. projector n.放映机，幻灯机，投影仪reject ridektvi. 1. deny拒绝，抵制，排斥2. throw away丢弃，退掉n.落选者mot 表示动，移动motion munn. 1.运动；移动；动态2. particular movement; 动作；姿态3. 提议v. to sb indicate to sb by a gesture以姿势向某人示意emotion imun1. strong feeling激情；情感；情绪2. excitement or disturbance of the mind激动；感动词汇派生emotional a. 1. 情感的；2. 引起感情的；表示情感的；3. 易激动的；易动感情的emotionally ad. 1. 情绪波动；2. 没有情感的；冷漠的真题例句1. Artists only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad. ( 2006 Text 4) promote prumutv. 1. to contribute to the progress or growth of; further促进，发扬2. to raise to a more important提升，提拔3. advocate促进，助长，促使，采纳；倡议词汇派生promotion n. 促进；晋升；发扬，助长；宣传，推销；做广告；宣传norm 表示 规则，标准norm n:m n. 常态，正常行为;规范，行为标准normal n:ml a. 典型的，正常的，一般的abnormal bn:ml a.反常的，不正常的 abnormal phnomenon enormous in:msa. very large; immense巨大的；极大的链接 enormously ad.在极大程度上pel 表示推动compel kmpelv. to force drive or constrain to necessitate or pressure by force exact强迫, 迫使真题例句 1. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. (2000 Text 5)repel ripelv. 使厌恶，使反感，击退，打退expel ikspelv.开除，除名pos/pon 表示放置pose puzn. a bodily attitude or position姿势，姿态v. 1. cause造成2. to put forward; present提出3. to place in a specific position 摆姿势compose kmpuzv. 1.to make up the constituent parts of 组成，构成2.to make oneself calm or tranquil使平静3.to settle or adjust使达成和解impose impuzv. 1. levy征（税）2. to obtrude or force on another or others把强加给3. pass off诈骗expose ikspuzvt. 1. 使受影响2. 使曝光3. 揭发4. 使面临习惯用语 exposeto使受到，使朝向；使接触press 表示按，压compress kmpres, kmpresv. to make more compact by or as if by pressing to press together压紧, 压缩; (把思想文学等)浓缩impress impres, impresv. 使留下深刻印象impression imprenv. 1. 印，盖印2. image of留下印象3. to affect strongly引人注目；使感动链接 1. impressive a. 给人深刻印象的，感人的；2. impress vt. 印，盖印，留下印象pressure pren. the act of pressing 挤，压，按，榨等的动作vt. to force迫使Sub 表示往下subconscious ,sbkns构词 sub下面+conscious有意识的在意识之下潜意识的a. not wholly conscious 模糊的，意识到的n. 潜意识subway 地铁subtitle sb,taitl构词 sub在下面+title标题副标题n. 1.a secondary, usually explanatory title 副标题，小标题2.字幕vt. 1. to give a subtitle to. 加小标题于2.to provide with subtitles: 给加字幕spect 表示看spectacle spektkln. 1. something that can be seen or viewed景象，壮观2. a public performance or display 公开展示，演出3.眼镜真题例句1. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply; the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; (2000 Passage 5)expect ikspektv. 预期，期望，指望 unexpectedinspect inspektvt. 检查，视察，调查prospect prspektn. 1. something expected; a possibility期待2. chances 机会3. expectations展望4. a scene风景5. examining考察v. to search for or explore探察链接perspective n. 1.远景，景 2.观点，看法（per全部+spect看+ive名词后缀全部看到透视，看法）tract 表示拖，拉attract trktvt. 引起的注意，吸引，引起，激起distract distrktv. stop sb concentrating on sth使某人分心；分散或扰乱某人的注意力链接 distracted a.精神不能集中的extract ikstrkt, ekstrkt v. n. 拔出，抽出，摘录n. 抽取物，精华，选集subtract sbtrkt v. 减去vis 、vid 表示看evident evidnt a. 明显的evidence evidnsn. 1. 根据；证据；证词2. indication or trace迹象；痕迹习惯用语 (be) in evidence显而易见的；清楚的；明显的on the evidence of sth用某事物作为证据链接evidence v.证明（某事物）revise rivaiz, ri:vaiz v. 修订，校订，修正，修改supervise sju:pvaizvt. to have the charge and direction of; superintend. 监督，管理；指导1.2考研核心语法与长难句分类解析1.2.1【真题回放】Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment although no one had proposed to do so and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. (99年第四篇阅读) 1.2.2【难句分析方法】一：难句结构分析，快速抓住主干。首先找到主句的主体部分（即主语、谓语和宾语），再确定从句的主体部分，如果从句中还有从句，在确定下面一层从句的主、谓、宾。注意阅读时一层一层进行，先把同一层次的内容看完，再看下一层次的内容。二： 熟悉难句的类型以及特殊的分析技巧。难句有很多类型,从句型上看有定语从句, 状语从句,名词性从句; 从短语类型上看,有分词状语,动名词短语, 介词短语; 从成分的特殊位置看, 有倒装句, 插入语,省略情况,分割结构。从语气看有虚拟语气, 建议语气等。因此，只有对不同的难句类型采取分类解析，熟悉难句的类型和特殊的分析技巧才能收到事半功倍的效果。三：利用语法、不靠语法。考研英语试题中取消了单独的语法题，但是语法放在了长难句和翻译中进行考察。因此，攻克长难句必须利用语法，快速找到句子主干，并最终完全熟悉各种类型的句子，达到一遍就可以读懂句子的效果。但是考生永远也不需要在考场上分析每句话的语法成分，考生的唯一任务就是现场迅速的读懂文章，因此，我们要利用语法而不能依靠语法。1.2.3【核心语法透析】第一章 英语从句英语从句主要有定语从句，状语从句和名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）一定语从句1 定语从句：由关系代词 who, whom, whose, that, which; 关系副词 when, where, why 引导。（下面十个句子请读 5遍并脱口译出！） 1. The death notices tell us about people who have died during the week. 2. The man (whom) you spoke to just now is my friend. 3. The building whose lights are on is beautiful. 4. Please find a place which we can have a private talk in. 5. The knee is the joint where the thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg. 6. He still remembers the day when he went to school. 7. It is no need telling us the reason why you didnt finish it in time. 8. He has three sons, two of whom died in the war. 9. Mr. Smith, whose wife is a clerk, teaches us English. 10. In the Sunday paper there are comics, which children enjoy. 2 as 引导定语从句as 引导的定语从句有两种形式：A引导限制性语从句。在此类定语从句中，as常与主语中作为其先行词的such, the same或as联用构成，“such. as”，“the same. as”和“as .as”句型，可代替先行词。例如：We hope to get such a tool as he is using. 我们希望得到他正在用的那种工具。Bas 引导非限制性定语从句时，作用与which相同，as作为关系代词代替整个主句。（这是语法考试的一个考点。）注意区别：as 引导的从句用于句首、句中或句后，而which引导的定语从句不能放在句首。Example ：As is reported, a foreign delegation will visit the city.据报道，一个外国代表团将访问这个城市。 二状语从句状语从句的本质。就是用一个句子来作另外一个句子的状语。状语从句的分类：时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、结果状语、目的状语、条件状语、让步状语、比较状语、方式状语。 原因：because, since, now that（既然）as, for, this reason. 结果：so that, so, therefore, consequently, so as to, as a result . 时间：after, before, when, while, as, until, as soon as, since, by the time, once, lately, presently, shortly after, currently, at present, nowadays . 条件：if, only if