M1U1Grammar教师定稿

1 Module 1 Unit 1 Grammar and Usage Attributive clauses 定语从句定语从句 Period 1 Step 1 Definition 1 What is attributive a lovely girl something new the boy in white 2 What is attributive clause 在复合句中 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句定语从句 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词 E g He is an English teacher who likes singing songs 先行词 关系词 定语从句 Step 2 Analysis Analyse the structure of the following sentences 1 The man that who gave you the talk yesterday is our teacher 指人 that who 主语 2 The boy who whom that the nurse is looking after is my friend 指人 that who whom 宾语 可省略 3 The car that which is red was damaged yesterday 指物 that which 主语 4 The question that which I don t understand is about grammar 指物 that which 宾语 可省略 5 Titanic is the ship which that sank after hitting an iceberg 6 Ye Xin ia a nurse who that died in the fight against SARS 关系词关系词 关系代词关系代词 who whom which that whose as 关系副词关系副词 when where why 关系词先行词所指关系词在句中作用 that人 物主 宾 表 which物主 宾 who人主 宾 whom人宾 whose人 物定 关系代词 as人 物 事情主 宾 表 when时间时间状语 where地点地点状语 关系副词 why原因原因状语 2 注意点注意点 1 关系词的作用 1 连接作用 把主句和从句连接起来 2 替代作用 在从句中代替在它前面的先行词 3 成分作用 在从句中充当一个成分 2 关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略 3 定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词保持一致 4 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种 5 非限制性定语从句中的关系词不可以省略 Step 3 用定语从句合并下列句子 E g 1 The woman is a teacher The woman lives next door The woman who that ives next door is a teacher 2 We watched the play Teahouse The play was written by Lao She We watched the play Teahouse which that was written by Lao She 3 The young man is a famous writer You saw the young man yesterday The young man whom who that you saw yesterday is a famous writer 4 This is the house Lu Xun once lived in the house This is the house which that Lu Xun once lived in Step 4 Consolidation A 找出下列复合句中的主句 定语从句 先行词 关系代词找出下列复合句中的主句 定语从句 先行词 关系代词 并翻译成中文并翻译成中文 1 The lessons that he taught were not easily forgotten 2 The film which we saw last night was wonderful 3 A plane is machine that can fly 4 The person whom they wanted to visit is a student 5 The book that he bought is very interesting 6 Yesterday we went to the school that you visited last week 7 I know a lady whose husband is writer 8 The girl who went there is my sister 9 The desk whose legs are broken is very old 10 This is the dictionary which you mentioned yesterday 3 B 将下列两个简单句合并为一个带有定语从句的复合句 将下列两个简单句合并为一个带有定语从句的复合句 eg Do you like the bike My uncle gave it to me Do you like the bike which my uncle gave it to me Do you like the bike which my uncle gave to me 注意 当两个简单句合并为含有定语从句的复合句时 其先行词不可重复出现 1 The girl is not here She is going to sing a song 2 The man is rich He is working in the factory 3 The school is a big one The school stands near the river 4 Have you answered the letter You got the letter two weeks ago 5 The boy student is very young He won the game 6 He ll meet his daughter He hasn t seen her for years 7 My uncle bought the bike last week The bike has been stolen 8 How is the man You saw him yesterday afternoon 9 Don t buy the vegetables They sell them in the market 10 The bike is very old I lent it to you this morning 11 The house is very old Its windows face south 12 The girl works very hard Her father is a doctor C 用关系代词用关系代词 who whom that which whose 填空填空 1 The earthquake shook the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history 2 We don t know the number of people lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake 3 The house they built in 1987 is still very new 4 The house is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake 5 Luckily none of the people I know were killed 6 The boy father is a teacher is very clever 7 A clock is a machine tells people the time 8 A fridge is a machine is used for keeping food fresh 4 9 April 1 is the day is called April Fool s Day in the west 10 The house he is looking for is very expensive Answers B 1 The man who is working in the factory is rich 2 The man who is working in the factory is rich 3 The school that which stands near the river is a big one 4 Have you answered the letter that you got two weeks ago 5 The boy student who won the game is very young 6 He ll meet his daughter who whom he hasn t seen for years 7 The bike that my uncle bought last week has been stolen 8 How is the man that who whom you saw yesterday afternoon 9 Don t buy the vegetables that they sell in the market 10 The bike that which I lent to you this morning is very old 11 The house whose windows face south is very old 12 The girl whose father is a doctor works very hard C 1 that which 2 who that 3 that which 4 that which 5 who whom that 6 whose 7 that 8 that 9 that 10 that which Period 2 Step 1 Revision 1 Analyse the structure of the following sentences 1 Mary is a student who is 21 years old 2 The school where he studied is in Shenzhen 2 Use proper relative pronouns to complete the sentences 1 David is a kind person always helps others 2 The book I borrowed from the library is very interesting 3 He can t find the book is borrowed from the library 4 The girl you have just seen is very good at English 5 He is a great boy name will be remembered Answers 1 who that 2 which that 3 which that 4 who whom that 5 whose Step 2 关系代词的用法 1 由 who whom whose 引导的定语从句 who 用作主语 whom 用作宾语 whose 用作定语 E g This is the man who helped me 5 The doctor whom you are looking for is in the Room 201 I know the doctor His daughter studies abroad I know the doctor whose daughter studies abroad Have you seen my book The book s cover is red Have you seen my book whose cover is red 注意点 whose 在定语从句中作定语 表示关系词与其后面的名词为所属关系 whose 可指人 也可指物 指物时可与 of which 互换使用 指人时可与 of whom 互换使用 whose n the n of whom which of whom which the n E g The house whose roof is brown is mine The house the roof of which is brown is mine Yesterday she talked with one woman husband died in that accident A which B whose C of which D that 2 who 的特殊情况 1 先行词是 all everyone one ones anyone 且做主语时 用 who E g Anyone who breaks the law should be punished One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth Everybody who were willing to see the film signed their names here 2 先行词是 those 时 用 who E g Those who want to see the film sign up here 3 由 that 引导的定语从句 that 在从句中可以指人或物 在从句中做主语或宾语 但不能放在介词后面作介词的宾 语 E g This is the school in that you will study This is the school in which you will study This is the school that which you will study in 注意点 在下列几种情况下必须用 that 引导定语从句 1 不定代词 something anything nothing all any little much few 等作先行词 All that we have to do is to practise every day Is there anything that I can do for you Something that we heard was of great importance 2 先行词被 all much few little every each no some any 等词修饰 I have read all the books that you gave me 3 先行词被 the only the very just the 修饰 The only thing that we can do is to wait This is the very pen that I am looking for 4 先行词被形容词最高级 序数词或 the last 修饰 This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen The first thing that I learned will never be forgotten 6 5 先行词既有人又有物时 They talked of things and persons that they remembered 6 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时 无论先行词是人还是物 用 that 引导定语从句 He is no longer the man that he used to be 7 当句中已有 who 或 which 时 为避免重复 Who is the man that is talking to John 4 当先行词为 way 时 定语从句的关系词可以有三种情况 that in which 或不填 I don t like the way that in which you talked to your mother 试比较 The way that which he explained to us was quite simple 作宾语 The way that in which he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand 作状语 5 one of 复数名词 who which that 复数谓语 the only one of 复数名词 who which that 单数谓语 E g 1 The Great Wall is one of the world famous buildings that draw a lot of visitors 2 The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon Step 3 Consolidation Fill in the blanks with proper relative pronouns 1 The school you can see on the left is one of the oldest buildings in this city 2 The woman was ill was looked after by her family 3 They found the car was stolen last month 4 I met someone brother I went to school with 5 I d like a room window looks out to the sea 6 He liked the gift his friends gave him 7 The girl is standing next to our teacher is her daughter 8 The girl our teacher is talking with is her daughter 9 The girl mother is from Britain can speak English very well 10 I can t find the book is borrowed from the library 11 I can t find the book you lent to me 12 Have you read the book author the author of is a high school student 13 I used to study in a classroom windows the windows of were all broken 14 Susan is the only person can understand me 15 This is an awful movie It s the worst I have ever seen Choose the best answer 1 The man talked to you just now is an engineer A who B whose C which D whom 2 The doctor is leaving for Africa next month A the nurse is talking to him B the nurse is talking to C whom the nurse is talking D who the nurse is talking 3 Here is the bicycle in the shop A that you saw it B that saw it C you sawD you saw it 4 I your friend will try my best to help you out 7 A who is B that is C who am D who are 5 She lives in a house windows face south A whose B which C that D who 6 This is the student father is a pilot A who B whom C whose D that 7 Those not only from books but also through practice will succeed A learn B who C that learns D who learn 8 This is the only thing I can do now A who B which C that D all 9 I have read all the magazines you gave me A which B that C who D whose 10 The scientist told us it was the smallest living thing could be seen under a microscope A that B which C D who Key ABCCA CBCBA 11 Who is the woman is sweeping the floor over there A who B C that D when 12 Finally the thief hand over everything he had stolen to the police A that B which C whatD Whose 13 Recently I bought a second hand car was very low A which price B the price of whoseC its price D whose price 14 The professors talked with us about the beautiful schools and the experienced teachers they had seen A that B who C which D what 15 The river banks used to be covered with fruit trees and flowers is now seriously polluted A of which B along which C where D whose 16 I don t like the way he spoke to me A what B by which C by that D 17 This is the very chance I am looking forward to A to which B which C whose D that 18 Anyone with what I said may raise your hand A which agrees B who agree C who agrees D which agree 19 Is this factory some foreign friends visited last Monday A one B the oneC which D that 20 Is this the factory he worked ten years ago A that B where C which D the one Key CADAD DDCBB III Translate the sentences into English 1 刚才回答问题的那个女孩是韦华 2 用铅笔写的信读起来很费劲 3 我认识一个同学 他爸爸是宇航员 8 4 这就是我和你谈过的那辆车 5 昨天我买的书在哪儿 Period 3 1 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句 1 由 where 引导的定语从句 定语从句在修饰一个表示地点的名词时 常用 where 引导 A book office is a place where tickets are sold where 在从句中做状语 A book office is a place in which tickets are sold This is the house where he lives This is the house in which he lives This is the house which that he lives in 在定语从句中关系副词关系副词 where 介词介词 which 2 定语从句在修饰一个表示时间的名词时 常用 when 引导 I still remember the year when we studied together I still remember the year in which we studied together I still remember the year which that we studied in together 在定语从句中关系副词关系副词 when 介词介词 which 3 由 why 引导的定语从句 1 关系副词 why 的先行词只有 reason 在从句中作原因状语 Do you know the reason why I left early Do you know the reason for which I left early 在定语从句中关系副词关系副词 why 介词介词 for which 2 但如果关系词在从句中不是作状语 而是作宾语时仍用 that which The reason that which he gave us was unacceptable 2 关系代词和关系副词的选用 关系代词和关系副词的选用 在定语从句中选用关系代词还是关系副词要看它们在从句中所充当的句子成分来决定 试比较 1 This is the factory that which produces TV sets This is the factory where in which my father once worked 2 I ll never forget the day that which we spent together in the countryside I ll never forget the day when on which his house was broken into 3 介词介词 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句 介词 关系代词 结构中关系代词只可用 whom 或 which 不可用 that 或 who 其中 whom 指代人 which 指代物 Who is the comrade with whom you shook hands This is the neighborhood from whom I borrowed the bicycle 注意点 1 注意关系代词的位置 介词在关系代词前时 只能用 which 和 whom 不能用 that 代替 也不可省略 介词在 9 句尾时 关系代词可 which that whom who 而且还可以省略 This is the person with whom you are going to work This is the person whom who that you are going to work with Have you seen the pen with which I wrote letters this morning Have you seen the pen which that I wrote letters with this morning 2 关系代词前的介词如何确定 A 依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配 This is the book on which I spent five yuan This is the book for which I paid five yuan This is the book from which I learnt a lot This is the book about which Tom often talks B 依据先行词的习惯搭配确定 I still remember the day on which I joined the Party I still remember the days during which I lived in the country C 根据所表达的意思确定 The gas with which doctors can save the patients is called oxygen The gas without which we can not live is called oxygen 3 像 listen to look at depend on pay attention to take care of 等固定短语动词 在定语从句 中一般不宜将介词与动词分开 This is the boy whom she has taken care of This is the book which that I am looking for 4 名词 代词 数词 of which whom 引导的定语从句 They talked about a movie the name of which I ve never forgotten In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals 16 of which were won by women China has thousands of islands the largest of which is Taiwan Chaplin went to the states in 1910 by which time he had learnt to dance and act in comedies He spoke of a pen pal the name of whom of whom the name whose name I ve never forgotten Consolidation Exercise A 用 用 when where why 填空填空 1 Do you still remember the place you were born 2 I don t remember the date my father were born 3 Do you know the reason he killed himself 4 He was born in the year the Second World War broke out 5 Please tell me the reason he is angry 6 A This is the place Lu Xun once lived B This is the place we visited last Sunday 7 A I ll never forget the days we studied together B I ll never forget the days we spent together 10 8 A The reason he came late is that he got up late B The reason he gave for his absence is untrue Exercise B 用介词 用介词 关系代词填空关系代词填空 1 Are you interested in any songs you ve listened 2 Tomorrow is a particular day his daughter will get married 3 This is the knife I usually cut bread 4 We can t live without the sun we get heat and light 5 The subject Eric is interested is physics 6 This is the good car I spent all my money 7 She is the teacher all his students show respect 8 Do you know the girl our head teacher is shaking hands 9 I can t find my dictionary I paid over 100 10 The teacher you have been waiting is coming in a minute Key 1 to which 2 on which 3 with which 4 from which 5 in which 6 on which 7 to for whom 8 with whom 9 for which 10 for which Exercise C Choose the best answer 1 Have you read the books Yes I ve read all the books you gave me A which B what C that D who 2 September 18 1913 is the day we ll never forget A that B when C on which D on that 3 That young girl is not the one she used to be A that B who C whom D what 4 Is this factory we visited last year A where B in which C the one D at which 5 This is the factory we visited last year A where B which C the one D at which 6 The hard working farmers and their happy life we saw in the countryside made a wonderful impression on us A whom B who C which D 7 Have you found the woman purse was lost A her B of which C that D whose 8 Where is the window glass is broken A which B that C whose D its 9 The house we once lived in is being repaired by the workers A which B where C who D whom 10 Who is the comrade was there A whom B that C which D of which 11 The comrade is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker A whom B which C who D whose 12 I don t like the way he looks at me A in that B which C of which D 13 Mr Herpin is one of the foreign experts who in China 11 A works B is working C are working D has been working 14 Mr Smith is the only one of those foreigners who in China A work B is working C are working D have been working 15 Those want to see the film please put down your names here A which B that C whose D who 16 We came to a place they had never paid a visit to before A which B who C where D to where 17 That is one of those books that worth reading A is B have C has D are 18 That was the reason Mike gave me the other day A why B for that C which D for which 19 On the bus I saw a student I thought was your brother A who B whom C which D whoever 20 You must watch carefully everything the teacher does in class A where B that C who D what 21 This is one of the most exciting football games I have ever seen A that B which C what D whom 22 The last place we visited in the countryside was a farm A that B which C where D in which 23 When he came back from abroad John told his parents about the cities and the people he had visited A which B that C who D whose 24 The place interested me most was the Children s Palace A which B where C what D in which 25 Is there any question troubles you much A which B where C who D that 26 Who is the man is speaking there A whom B which C that D whose 27 She is the only person understands me A whom B what C whose D that 28 His parents wouldn t let him marry anyone family was poor A of whom B whom C of whose D whose 29 I m interested in you have said A all that B all what C that D Which 30 Tom is not the man he once was A who B whom C which D that 1 5 CAACB 6 10 DDCAB 11 15CDCBD 16 20 ADCAB 21 25 AABAD 26 30 CDDAD 12 Period 4 一 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 一 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 从句与先行词的关系 从句是先行词不可缺少的定语 如果省去 主句的意思就会不 完整或不明确 从句只是对先行词的附加说明 如 果省去 主句的意思仍然清楚或完整 标 点从句和主句之间不用逗号分开 从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开 关 系 代 词 指人 who that whom 指物 which that 人和物的 whose 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可 以省去 指人 who 作主语 whom 做宾语 指物 which 人和物的 whose 关系代词一般不可省 修饰从句只修饰一个名词或代词可以修饰一个名词或代词也可修饰 整个主句 E g People who take physical exercise live longer 若把从句去掉 句子就失去意义 His daughter who is in London now is coming home next week 若把从句去掉 句子意 义仍然完整 比较 I have a sister who is a doctor 姐姐不止一个 I have a sister who is a doctor 只有一个姐姐 2 which 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句中 不能用关系代词 that 作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略 E g I have lost my pen which I like very much She is always late for class which makes the teacher angry Peter drove too fast which was dangerous This is our classroom in front of which stands a big tree 3 as