五种基本句型

第 1 页 共 5 页1 英语五种基本句型英语五种基本句型 2014 102014 10 意义 英语的句式与中文的不同 我们在学习英语的时候要注意到这一点 有的同学在学习中对此没有 足够的认识 常常受中文的干扰 在写作中表现出不能写出正确的句子 I 什么是句子 长的是句子 短的是词 无论字数多少 只要有主语和谓语 动词 而且能表达完整的意义的一句话就是一个句子 I am tired Pressing one s palm together and resting one s head on the back of one s hand while closing the eyes as if sleeping means I am tired 这两个句子都具备了 语和 语 都是完整的句子 要记住 在英语中 一个句子必须且只能有一个 谓语 1 省略主语的句子 Come in please Open the door What a day What 2 一个句子不能同时有两个谓语 典型错误 1 The old man likes take a walk in the village after supper 2 I enjoy talk with him over a cup of coffee 3 The boy ran to his mother cry 4 After write the notice he put it up on the wall 3 不要把从句的谓语当成句子的谓语 或把主句的谓语当成从句的谓语 如果是一个复合句 主句和从句 都应该分别有自己的主语和谓语 典型错误 1 1 Those who eat too much will easily ill 2 When he walking in the park he felt a little tired 3 When I at school I studied very hard II Practice 判断以下是否是句子 1 Birds can fly 2 The birds in the cage which I bought yesterday 3 Wait for me at the station 4 If you know how to play with words to make people laugh 5 A way of saying I m sorry 6 Patting the stomach before a meal 7 The bread my mother makes is much better than what you can buy at the store 8 To make friends in the school which was not far from my new home 9 If you want to know what it feels like to fall through the air take off in a rocket fly a helicopter or fight alien creatures in outer space 第 2 页 共 5 页2 III 常见的句子结构 由于英语动词种类的不同 构成了不同的句子类型 和中文不同的是 英语的动词分为及物动词和不及 物动词 表达同一个意思时 有的是及物动词 有的就是不及物动词 如 表示 听 这个意义时 是不及物动词 是及物动词 表示 看 这个意义时 是不及物动词 watch 和 notice 就是及物动词 表示 到达 是不及物动词 是及物动词 不及物动词是不 能接宾语的 只能加上一个介词 才能接宾语 如 listen look arrive 等等 1 主语 不及物动词 e g He came in The airplane from Hong Kong 到达到达 at four p m How did the accident 发生 发生 Australia has 改变 改变 a lot in the past forty years 2 主语 系动词 表语 常见的系动词有 be seem appear become go get grow turn look sound feel taste smell e g She very happy She very happy We proud of our friends It useless trying to argue with him I caught in the traffic He 似乎 似乎 to have misunderstood you 3 主语 及物动词 宾语 e g We learn English at school He wondered whether Bill had managed to escape I didn t mean to be so rude 4 主语 及物动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 有些动词需要接两个宾语 间接宾语一般由人担任 直接宾语一般由物担任 give offer teach tell read ask bring pass lend return write throw allow send cost make buy do get save cook sing find 等 e g My brother gave me a book Who sent you the computer 这样的句子变为被动时可根据需要 将任何一个宾语作为句子的主语 e g 5 主语 及物动词 宾语 宾补 e g Unfortunately they find it difficult to repay this money The growth in population made New York the largest city in the USA 模拟试题模拟试题 改错练习 1 Please speak louder so that everybody can listen you 2 Great changes have been taken place in my hometown 3 Listen Someone knocking at the door 4 He told me don t call him before 9 o clock 5 Does your parents allow you make your own decision 第 3 页 共 5 页3 6 Although it is only August but the weather is getting worse daily 7 Because the professor had fallen ill so he was not able to be present at the conference 8 In Japan a person sees the OK gesture may think it means money 9 When I past his room I heard him singing an English song 翻译练习 一 1 李明学习很努力 2 事故是昨天下午发生的 3 春天就要来了 4 我们住在这个城市已有关 10 年了 5 学生们学习很努力 6 她再次向我道歉 二 1 这是本英汉辞典 2 午餐的气味很好 3 他堕入了情网 4 一切看来都不同了 5 他长得又高又壮 6 麻烦的是他们缺少钱 三 1 谁知道答案 2 她微笑表示感谢 3 他拒绝帮他们的忙 4 他喜欢看书 5 他们吃了剩饭 6 他说 早上好 第 4 页 共 5 页4 四 1 她给自己定了一套新衣裳 2 她给丈夫煮了一顿美味的饭 3 他给你买了一本字典 4 他对她什么都不拒绝 5 我给他看我的照片 6 我洗了我的汽车 五 1 他们任命他当经理 2 他们把门漆成绿色 3 这使得他们要细想一想 4 他们发现那房子无人居住 5 他怎么会这样想 6 我们送他出去 第 5 页 共 5 页5 参考答案 一 1 Li Ming works very hard 2 The accident happened yesterday afternoon 3 Spring is coming 4 We have lived in the city for ten years 5 The students work very hard 6 She apologized to me again 二 1 This is an English Chinese dictionary 2 The dinner smells good 3 He fell in love 4 Everything looks different 5 He is growing tall and strong 6 The trouble is that they are short of money 三 1 Who knows the answer 2 She smiled her thanks 3 He has refused to help them 4 He enjoys reading 5 They ate what was left over 6 He said Good morning 四 1 She ordered herself a new dress 2 She cooked her husband a delicious meal 3 He brought you a dictionary 4 He denies her nothing 5 I showed him my pictures 6 I gave my car a wash 五 1 They appointed him manager 2 They painted the door green 3 This set them thinking 4 They