黄河流域 Yellow River Valley

黄河流域 Yellow River Valley 文化融合 政治统一 cultural fusion and political unity 小农经济 the small scale peasant economy 游牧部落 nomadic tribes 疆域 territory 封建主经济 suzerain economy 劝农抑商 encouraging farming but limiting commerce 战国时期 the Warring states Period 男耕女织 the man cultivating the land and the woman weaving at home 自给自足的自然经济 self sufficient natural economy 人头税 poll tax 水能载舟 亦能覆舟 The water that carries the boat can also overturn it 多元一体 integrated pluralism 吐故纳新 discarding the old and embracing the new 炎黄子孙 the descendants of Yandi and Huangdi 普天之下 莫非王土 率土之滨 莫非王臣 All the land under the sky belongs to the king all the people within this country are the king s subjects 礼仪之邦 the land of ceremony and propriety 青铜器 the bronze wares 甲骨文 the inscriptions on tortoise shells or animal bones 铭文 the inscriptions on bronze or copper wares 五经 The Five Classics 书同文 行同伦 the standardized written language and behaviors the written language and behaviors have to be standardized 儒 道 佛 法家 Confucianism Taoism Classical Taoist thinking Buddhism the Legalist School 焚书坑儒 burn books and bury Confucian scholars alive 无为而治 to govern by doing nothing 独尊儒术 罢黜百家 paying supreme tribute to Confucianism while banning all other schools of thought 四大发明 four great inventions of Ancient China 1 the invention of paper making technology 2 the art of printing 3 the making of the gunpowder 4 the compass 守内虚外 internal defense and external slackening 重文轻武 laying stress on the cultural achievement while making light of the military exploits 清明上河图 The scroll of painting the festival of Pure Brightness on the River 求和谐 主平衡 seeking for harmony and maintaining equilibrium 消灾祈福 averting calamities and praying for blessings 临时抱佛脚 Clasp Buddha s feet when in trouble seek help at the last moment 六合 the six realms of Heaven and Earth East and West North and South 内圣外王 the supreme morality internalized as cultivation and externalized as governance of virtue 真诚 正心 修身 sincerity integrity and intellectual cultivation 齐家 治国 平天下 Keep your family in order govern the state effectively and bring peace to the world 中庸 the golden mean 天人合一 oneness of man and nature 大一统 Great National Unity 集体利益 collective interest 人伦 human relations 普天之下 莫非王土 率土之滨 莫非王臣 All the land under the sun belongs to the king all the people within this country are the king s subjects 史记 the Historical Records 宗族关系 patriarchal relations 赴汤蹈火 to go through fire and water 中华民族的脊梁 the spiritual tower of Chinese nation 否极泰来 out of depth of misfortune comes bliss 以柔克刚 conquering the rigid with the gentle defeating the strong by the weak 以不变应万变 coping with shifting events by sticking to a fundamental principle 一张一弛 alternating tension with relaxation 仁者爱人 The benevolent love others 仁政 benevolent government 以民为本 People are the foundation of the state 民为贵 社稷次之 君为轻 People come first the state comes second and the king third 性善论 the theory of original goodness of human nature 小国寡民 a small state with a small population 无为而治 ruling with inaction 汉代经学 Imperial Confucianism in the Han Dynasty 科举考试 the imperial competitive examination 四书五经 The Four Books and Five Classics 大学 The Great Learning 中庸 The Doctrine of the Mean 论语 The Confucian analects 孟子 The Works of Mencius 诗经 The Book of Poetry 尚书 The Book of History 礼记 The Book of Rites 易经 The Book of Changes 春秋 The Spring and Autumn Annals 诸侯国 dukedom 祭歌 sacrificial songs 东方思维模式 oriental mode of thinking 入德之门 a gateway to perfect virtue 忠孝仁爱 loyalty filial piety benevolence and love 博爱 universal love 杀身成仁 killing oneself for humanity benevolence 舍生取义 killing oneself for righteousness 恻隐之心 人皆有之 All men have natural sympathies 中国文化之精髓 the cream of the Chinese culture 昆曲 Kun Opera 百戏之师 the mother of operas 京剧 Beijing Opera Peking Opera 高雅的古典艺术 a refined classical art 中华民族的瑰宝 a treasure of the Chinese nation 内容丰富 形式完美 风格独特 rich in content perfect in form and unique in style 古装戏 costume operas 打渔杀家 Fisherman s Revenge 霸王别姬 Farewell My Concubine 白蛇传 Madame White Snake 宝莲灯 The Lotus Lamp 文戏 civil pieces 武戏 martial pieces 花脸 male characters with a painted face 脸谱 facial make up a painted face 生旦净末丑 male female painted face old male and clown 天仙配 Goddess s Marriage 杨家将 Generals of the Yang Family 变脸 quick changes of facial characteristics without makeup 人物写意画 the free hand figure paintings 壁画 murals 仕女 leisurely and carefree beauties 工笔 简笔 写意 白描 泼墨 detailed brushwork sketchy brushwork free hand brushwork outline drawing splash ink 山水画 landscape painting 意境 artistic conception 仁者乐山 智者乐水 A true man loves the mountains a wise man loves the sea 花鸟画 flower and bird painting 寄物言志 expressing ideas through certain objects 梅兰竹菊 plums orchids bamboo and chrysanthemums 中国独有 native to China 篆书 隶书 楷书 行书 草书 the Seal Character Official Script Regular Script Running Script and Cursive Script 文房四宝 the Four Treasures of the Study 文化代码 cultural tokens 笔 墨 纸 砚 the writing brush ink stick paper and ink slab 羊毫 兔毫 狼毫 goat s hair hare s hair and yellow weasel s hair 松烟墨 油烟墨 pine soot ink and lampblack ink 生宣 熟宣 unprocessed Xuan paper and processed Xuan paper 磨墨 grounding an ink stick 对联 Chinese couplets pillar couplets antithetical couplets 横批 horizontal scroll the title or theme of the couplet 中国印章 Chinese seals 篆刻 seal cutting 官印 official seals 私印 private seals 碑刻 tablet inscription 御玺 the imperial royal seal 印泥 inkpad red ink paste 引人注目的成就 eye catching achievements 刀法 篆法 章法 engraving techniques the seal character and the composition 开山鼻主 pioneering master 民间工艺 folk handicraft 木版年画 block printed Chinese New Year Pictures 装裱 mounting 彩印 process printing 勾线技法 sketching techniques 求福避祸 bring good luck and avoid disasters 剪纸 paper cut 门签 gate labels 心灵手巧 a clever mind and nimble fingers 高手 master hands 国际风筝都 International Capital Of Kites 潍坊风筝节 Weifang Kite Festival 龙头蜈蚣风筝 dragon headed centipede 尊龙 传统 the tradition of dragon worship 刺绣作品 embroidery article 双面绣 Double faced embroidery 纺车 spinning wheel 织机 weaving machine 麻织品时期 flax fabric period 民间纺织 folk textile 印染 printing and dyeing 蜡染 wax dyeing 扎染 tie dyeing 陶瓷 ceramics pottery and porcelain 兵马俑 terra cotta warriors and horses 青瓷 blue porcelain 白瓷 white porcelain 唐三彩 tricolored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty 五大名窑 five kilns 紫砂壶 the boccaro teapot 金银玉器 gold silver and jade wares 金缕玉衣 jade clothes sewn with gold thread 避邪 anti evil 玉佩 jade pendent 竹木藤器 bamboo wood and rattan work 木雕 wood carving 柳编 wickerwork 草编 straw knitted work 泥塑 clay figure modelling 面塑 dough figure modeling 生肖 zodiac animals 烟花爆竹 firecrackers and fireworks 八仙 the eight immortals 闹花灯 lantern show 西游记 Pilgrimage to the West 元宵节 Lantern Festival Yuanxiao Festival 佛跳墙 Buddha jumping over the wall 色 香 味 color aroma and taste 选料 selecting ingredients 调味 mixing flavors 火候 adjustment of the heat 装盘 laying out the food on the plate 佐料 seasoning 食疗 dietary cure 食补 dietary nourishment 餐具 di