高考英语语法大综合

1 高考英语语法精讲精练高考英语语法精讲精练 名词 数词 冠词名词 数词 冠词 一 名词一 名词 1 在句子里使用名词应注意的问题 在句子里使用名词应注意的问题 名词的数 单数 复数和不可数 名词的格 通格和属格 s 名词的限定 特指 泛指 数量和习惯用法 即名词前加冠词或 其它限定词 例如 some many this my 等 2 名词的数和单位词 名词的数和单位词 1 复型名词 复型名词 复数动词复数动词 The trousers are too big for me Please show me the smaller pair 备用词 备用词 shoes stockings glasses socks NOTICE A pair of glasses costs quite a lot 2 复型名词 复型名词 单数动词单数动词 A The news on TV is seldom satisfying 备用词 备用词 mathematics physics politics means works the United States B Twenty miles is a long way to walk 备用词 备用词 five pounds two feet six weeks 3 集合名词集合名词 复数名词复数名词 The police have surrounded the building Cattle are selling for record price 创记录 备用词 备用词 the enemy the people NOTICE 表示由若干人组成的集合体的单数词常可作复数用 但若把这个集合体看作整体就用作单数 My family are wonderful They do all they can for me The family which now consists of four members at most is smaller than it used to be 4 不可数名词作可数的情况不可数名词作可数的情况 A 部分不可数名词可以有下列情况 a an adj n It looks like rain a thirsty for knowledge 求知欲 a heavy rain He has a good knowledge of politics 备用词 备用词 snow breakfast wine oil education B 口语特例 特定场合 A One beer please Two teas and four coffees please 5 既是可数又是不可数的名词既是可数又是不可数的名词 I broke a glass this morning 杯子 Glass is made from sand 玻璃 备用词 备用词 paper a paper light 光 a light 灯 ice 冰 an ice 冰激凌 chicken 鸡肉 a chicken 雏鸡 6 单位词单位词 A 个数 a piece of information furniture advice B 以形状表示个数 a grain of rice a flight of stairs C 容量 a box of matches a cup of tea 2 D 计量 a metre of cloth a ton of coal E 其它 a new set of tools wires teeth rules 3 名词的格 名词的格 1 s 的用法的用法 A 与时间有关的名词 a night s sleep ten minutes walk NOTICE a two hour walk two hours walk B 和else 连用 book can this be A Who else s B Whose else C Who s else D Whose else s A C s 修饰的词 如果前面提到 可省略 This is Jack s book not Tom s This book is Jack s not Tom s D 表示店 铺 家 诊所等 s 后面的名词省略 at the Green s house at the doctor s office 2 OF 结构表示所有关系结构表示所有关系 A 无生命的名词用 of the price of the success B 有生命的名词被一个短语或从句修饰而表示所有关系时用 of Can t you look at the book of the boy behind you 3 双重所有格双重所有格 s 与 of 结构并用 此时 of 结构所修饰的名词前通常有 a an two some that 等 Miss Smith is a friend of Mary s mother s that brother of the girl 4 名词名词 名词名词 名词用作形容词 名词用作形容词 A 单数名词 名词 a shoe flower shop ticket office NOTICE the tailor s shop B 复数名词 名词 sports meet clothes shop women pilots 二 数词二 数词 1 1 数词在使用时应注意的问题 数词在使用时应注意的问题 易错数词 年月日及介词 计算用词 和数字相关的词 2 2 综合 综合 1 数字表达 123 856 709 one hundred and twenty three million eight hundred and fifty six thousand seven hundred and nine 3 2 年月日 in the morning on the morning of September 1 in September in 1988 on September 1 on the first of September 3 3 计算 计算 Six and five is are eleven Six hundred plus forty is equals six hundred and forty Four from seven is leaves three Six hundred minus one hundred equals five hundred X 16 x 11 176 Sixteen times eleven is makes one hundred and seventy six 9 3 3 Nine divided by three equals three 4 4 dozen score A three dozen eggs three dozen of these eggs dozens of eggs B three score years a three score of people scores of times 5 5 小数 分数 百分比引导的短语作主语时的主谓一致问题 分数和百分数引导的短语作主语 其谓语动词的数应根据分数和百分数后面的名词来确定 如 果是可数名词的复数 其谓语动词用复数形式 如果是不可数名词或单数可数名词其谓语动词用单数 形式 More than 40 percent of the students wearwear glasses 70 percent of the fund 资金 waswas supplied by the Government 6 6 一个半 的表达法 one pound and a half one and a half years 三 冠词三 冠词 冠词应注意的问题 冠词应注意的问题 习惯用法 同一名词前不同名词的比较 不定冠词 不定冠词 1 成对的名词 此类名词间常有一种自然的联系 a knife and fork 2 a most n 非常 This is a most beautiful country 3 a an 与 one 之区别 A 数字对比用 one It was one coffee we ordered not two B 对比 A knife is no good 刀子不行 One knife is no good 一把刀子不行 C 通用 a one million a one quarter 4 a an 与 every 之比较 three times a year twice every three years 5 惯用法 A What a surprise What a lovely dress quite a nice day rather a good idea such a funny expression 4 B too cold a day How lovely a dress so strange a person as good a map as 3 定冠词 定冠词 1 普通名词组成的专有名词 the Great Wall the Summer Palace 2 江河 海洋 山脉 群岛 海峡 海湾 the Pacific Ocean 3 the adj ing ed A 指一类人 谓语用复数 The old are being taken good care of B 指一类事 谓语用单数 The beautiful is not always the same as the good 4 用在 radio piano telephone 方位 次序 自然现象 rain 身体 部位前 He hates the telephone 5 被定语从句 介词短语 副词短语 不定式短语等修饰的名词前 The boy who you are looking for in blue there standing there dressed in blue is a student 4 零冠词 零冠词 1 街道 广场 节假日 季节 月份 星期 棋类 球类等 National Day Nanjing Road 2 职位充当补语 同位语时 He was elected headmaster of the school 3 成对出现的成语 arm in arm 手挽手 hand in hand 手牵手 face to face side by side 肩并肩 day and night young and old from door to door from morning till night from beginning to end 5 冠词比较 冠词比较 1 go to school hospital church in prison 强调用途 go to the school visit the prison 强调建筑物本身 2 I ll go there next Friday 以说话时间为准 In 1989 he was 28 and the next year he was 29 以所给时间为准 3 by air plane boat in a spaceship on the bike on the bus 4 Open the window to let in fresh air 泛指 The air in the room is not fresh 特指 5 be at table be at the table 6 a cup of coffee Two coffees please I like white coffee This is a very good coffee The coffee on the table is Tom s 7 Mr White is waiting to see you A Mr White is waiting to see you The Mr White you are looking for is waiting to see you 8 A horse is a useful animal The horse is a useful animal Horses are useful animals 9 the best season of the year the best time of year EXERCISES 1 单选 单选 5 1 I d like information about the management of your hotel please Well you could have word with the manager He might be helpful A some a B an some C some some D an a 2 If by any chance someone comes to see me ask them to have a A message B letter C sentence D notice 3 He dropped the and broke it A cup of coffee B coffee s cup C cup for coffee D coffee cup 4 There are only twelve in the hospital A woman doctors B women doctors C women doctor D woman doctor 5 How many does a cow have Four A stomaches B stomach C stomachs D stomachines 6 The of the building are covered with lots of AADBCA A roofs leaves B rooves leafs C roof leaf D roofs leafs 7 That was a fifty engine A horse power B horses power C horse powers D horses powers 8 How far away is it from here to your school It s about A half an hour s drive B half hours drives C half an hour drives D half an hour drive 9 Last week I called at my A aunt B aunts C aunt s D aunts s 10 You ll find this map of great in helping you to get round London A price B cost C usefulness D value 11 Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in 1876 A 不填 B a C the D one 12 Where s Jack I think he s still in bed but he might just be in bathroom A 不填 不填 B the the C the 不填 D 不填 the AACDCD 13 Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places A the the B 不填 不填 C the 不填 D 不填 the 14 She is newcomer to chemistry bust she has already made some important discoveries A the the B the 不填 C a 不填 D a the 15 Have you seen pen I left it here this morning Is it black one I think I saw it somewhere A a the B the the C a a D the a 16 Paper money was in use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in thirteenth centry A the 不填 B 不填 the C the the D 不填 不填 17 The warmth of sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used A the the B the 不填 C 不填 the D 不填 不填 18 Summers in south of France are for most part dry and sunny A 不填 a B the 不填 C 不填 不填 D the the CCCBBD 19 A rough estimate Nigeria is Great Britain 05 上海卷 D A three times the size as B the size three times of C three times as the size of D three times the size of 6 20 He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his was seen at its best when he worked with others 05 上海卷 D A temper B appearance C talent D character 21 I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a pretty good of direction 05 浙 江卷 D A idea B feelingC experience D sense 22 Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his 05 天津卷 C A ability B force C strength D mind 23 My of this weekend s activity is going out with some good friends 05 安徽卷 A A idea B opinion C mind D thought 24 The head office of the bank is in Beijing but it has all over the country 05 辽宁卷 B A companiesB branches C organizationsD businesses 25 It took us quite a long time to get here It was journey 05 北京春 C A three hour B a three hour C a three hour D three hours 26 Students should be encouraged to use Internet as resource 08 山东 A 不填 a B 不填 the C the the D the a D the internet 表示一类事物 a resource 表示是资源的一种 EXERCISES 2 改错 每句一个错 改错 每句一个错 1 After one year hard work the Senior Three students have already pre pared themselves for the entrance exam year s 2 More and more middle aged people in the West have heart s trouble which results from high fat food they like to eat heart 3 You can get your library card in the teacher reading room which is on the second floor teachers 4 His hairs looked disordered with some gray hair on his forehead hairs 第二个 5 Now I eat more fruits and vegetables than I used to My favorite fruits are apples bananas and grapes fruit 第一个 6 The lady entered a room opened windows to let the fresh air in and sat down in an armchair to have a rest the windows 7 Miss Nora is young nice kind and active She is the teacher young students like a teacher 8 They elected him the captain of the school football team for a second time captain 去掉 the 9 He is fond of playing chess while his sister is fond of playing piano the piano 10 No human being can change the law of the nature though they can change their own lives nature 去掉 the 代代 词词 一 人称代词一 人称代词 1 多个人称代词的排列顺序 多个人称代词的排列顺序 7 you and I he and I you and he you he and I you they and we 情况多 2 It 的用法的用法 代替 this that That s a book isn t it 做某动作的人或婴儿 Someone is coming Who can it be It may be Jack It s a lovely baby Is it a boy or a girl 表示时间 距离 自然现象 It s 20 miles to from Paris 3 简略回答中用 简略回答中用 so not it 的情况 的情况 肯定答语中 下列动词后面常用 so think hope believe I m afraid It seems appears etc Is it true that he had a heart attack I m afraid so I believe so It seems so 否定答语中用 not Has Anne got into university I m afraid not I think not It seems not 协力动词中也可以用 not so believe think suppose expect etc I don t believe so I don t think so do 代替上下文动词 并且表示一个已完成的动作时 do 后常用 so it Please lay the table I ve just done so it 二 指示代词二 指示代词 that one it 的区别的区别 one 代替可数名词 表示泛指 the one 表示特指 that 代替不可数名 词 表示特指 它们都可以代替前面提到的同一类事物 it 指前面提到的 同一事物 There is an old engineer and a young one here His attitude to me is that of a friend I ve lost my pen Have you seen it Have you lend me one the this that these those adj one ones I ll try on a few of these shirts Please pass me that white one the one 后面可以接介词短语或定语从句 The boy in your class is taller than the one in our class The skirt that she made herself is more beautiful to wear than the one that she bought last year one 不能代替前面提到的不可数名词不能代替前面提到的不可数名词 Don t use powdered milk Use this fresh milk 不可用不可用 fresh one those ones These machines are better than those we made last year 8 I d like a pound of apples Which ones The red ones Why don t we take a little break Didn t we just have NMET2000 A it B that C one D this C 三 物主代词三 物主代词 1 名词性物主代词可作主语 表语 宾语 不能作定语 名词性物主代词可作主语 表语 宾语 不能作定语 This is my cup Yours is the one that s green These things are mine Those are theirs 2 名词性物主代词与 名词性物主代词与 of 结构连用结构连用 That brother of yours looks healthy He is an old friend of mine 3 下列结构用 下列结构用 the 代替物主代词代替物主代词 He pulled Jack by the hair arm He was wounded in the leg He was blind in the right eye 四 反身代词四 反身代词 1 加强语气 可前可后 加强语气 可前可后 The headmaster spoke to me himself The headmaster himself spoke to me Tom felt that he knew everybody s business better than they knew it A themselves B oneself C itself D himself NMET 1996 A 2 own 反身代词无所有格形式 用反身代词无所有格形式 用 own 表达表达 I d love to have my own room a room of my own 五 不定代词五 不定代词 1 every each every 指时间 every other day every three days every third day each 放在复数主谓语之间 We each have a book each 放在句尾 She gave her children an apple each 2 some any every no 作单数看 Is there anyone here who is a doctor 不与 of 连用 不说 someone of no one of etc 可说 some one of none of etc adj to do vt Is there anything for me to sit on else This isn t mine It s someone else s 9 3 some any 表示请求 建议的问句用 some Would you like some more coffee some n singl You will realize it some day any 在肯定句中表示任何一个 无论哪个 Any child can answer that Give me a plate Any one plate will do any some of 限定词 n some of the oil any of my water 4 both all 常用于助动词或情感动词后 但在简答中放在前面 The girls are both ready Are you ready Yes we both all are 放在作宾语的宾格代词后面 He gave some to us all both all 单独用 指人时谓语用用复数 指物时谓语用单数 All is lost All are here 5 either neither either or neither nor 作主语 谓语的使用是邻近原则 Neither he nor I am going to London 作定语 修饰单数名词 Neither Either book is satisfactory 6 another the other the others another 另外的 另一个的 Please show me another one Do you need another cup another 基数词 few n I need another three days three more days the other n the other the other six persons the others the other day 7 a few a little few 的搭配 We had a good few letters this morning 很多 Not a few letters were written to the magazines 不少 How many do you want Just a few please 不多 quite a few 相当多 only a few 只有几个 几乎没有 little 的搭配 There s only a little soup left 10 How much do you want Just a little please 8 much many much far too much far too many Your son got much far too much pocket money There are far too many accidents at this crossing much 修饰 形容词和副词的比较级或最高级 比较级 不可数名词 There s much far less water in the river than usual many 修饰 比较级 可数 名词复数 There are many far more people than I expected 9 全部否定与部分否定 全部否定与部分否定 全部否定用词 neither nothing no one nobody none not 与 all both every every 连用时表示部分否定 Not all his work is successful EXERCISE 1 单选单选 1 I agree with most of what you said but I don t agree with A everything B anything C something D nothing 2 Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers Now she would like to read stories by writers from countries A some any B other some C some other D other other 3 I hate when people talk with their mouths full A it B that C these D them 4 Dr Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge I can t remember A where B there C which D that 5 Are the new rules working Yes books are stolen A Few B More C Some D None 6 Few pleasures can equal of a cool drink on a hot day A some B that C any D those 7 Why don t we take a little break Didn t we just have A it B one C that D this ACACABB 8 It is the ability to do the job matters not where you come from or what you are A one B what C that D it 9 The Pakers bought a new house but will need a lot of work before they can move in A they B it C one D which 10 Do you want tea or coffee I really don t mind A Both B None C Either D Neither 11 Many people have helped with canned food however the food bank needs for the poor A more B much C many D most 12 I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have 11 A it B there C them D one 13 When shall we meet again Make it day you like it s all the same to me A one B any C another D so 14 If this dictionary is not yours can it be A what else B who else C which else s D who else s CBCADBD 15 They were all very tired but of them would stop to take a rest A any B some C none D neither 16 John said he d been working in the office for an hour was true A he B this C which D who 17 It doesn t matter whether there is only coffee or tea will do A Any B Both C Either D Neither 18 He had little money so he didn t lend me A some B it C much D any 19 Money doesn t mean A everything B anything C any thing D something 20 In this small town knows A anybody somebody B everybody nobody C everybody every D somebody anybody CCCDAC EXERCISE 2 改错 每句一错 改错 每句一错 1 Everything is better than nothing Anything is Something is 2 What s on the table No one None Nothing How many books are on the table None 3 These shirts are expensive but which we saw the other day were more expensive but those we saw 4 Do you have a camera No but my father has it He bought it a week ago has one 5 When it discovers good flowers a bee flies back to the hive and tells others It does this by dancing for them tells the others 6 I d like some coffee Sorry there s nothing at the moment there s none 7 Here we have noodles rice dumplings and so on What would you like Everything is OK Anything is OK 8 Mary sends both you her love both of you 9 Everybody has got two personalities the one that is shown to the world and another that is secret and real and the other 10 I was the first person in my family who would attend a university and I knew how proud my parents were but it was impossible for him to finance my education for them to 形容词 副词 介词形容词 副词 介词 一 形容词一 形容词 12 1 多个形容词得排列顺序 限定词 冠词 物主代词 所有格 序数词 基数词 描述性形容词 大小新旧 颜色 产地 物质 材料 用途 名词名词 a beautiful new red dress a little brown box 2 系动词 adj 除 be 外的其它连系动词 The cake looks good but it tastes awful 3 subj be adj to do vt The man is easy to get along with The bed is too small for him to lie on 4 It is was adj of for sb to do sth 下列形容词后用 of good kind nice brave clever careless foolish silly stupid cruel etc 其它形容词后用 for 5 the more of the two He is the stronger of the two brothers 6 倍数 three times as big as This room is twice bigger than that one three times the size of 7 比较级和最高级的被修饰 比较级可以被下列词修饰 much far any even still rather a little a lot a bit no by far It s no use asking me I don t know any more than you 最高级可以被下列词修饰 much the very by far This cake ought to be good because I used the very best butter 二 副词二 副词 1 程度副词 quite rather fairly quite 不修饰比较级 但 He is quite better 表示程度 和可显示程度的词连用 如 old interesting polite tired etc 类似 completely 完全地 和 absolutely 绝对地 和下列词连用 如 perfect impossible different etc 此时 可修饰 adj adv v 等 The job is quite impossible That s not quite what I want rather 可与比较级及 too 连用 rather older rather too many people rather than 表示选择 宁愿 前面 不愿 后面 I d prefer to go in August rather than in July I decided to write rather than to telephone 13 or rather 表示 更确切地说 I ll meet him or rather I ll ask him to meet me fairly 不可与比较级连用 与积极意义的词连用 强弱程度的顺序 very rather quite fairly not This film is very good rather good 胜过多数影片 quite good 值得一看 fairly good 勉强还可以看看 2 频度副词 often usually always ever never seldom hardly 等放在 行为动词前 系动词及助动词后 He is always making a joke never hardly seldom 等放在句首时 用倒装 Never have I seen anything so w