2012届高考英语二轮专题总复习 语法精练形容词和副词

用心 爱心 专心 1 20122012 届高考英语二轮专题总复习语法精练形容词和副词届高考英语二轮专题总复习语法精练形容词和副词 一 概念 形容词是用来修饰名词 说明事物或人的性质状态或特征的词 副词主要用来修饰动词 形容词 副词或其他结构的词 二 用法 形容词在句中可以充当定语修饰名词 代词 也可作表语表示主语的状态和特征 也可作补 语和状语 副词在句中作状语 修饰动词 形容词 副词 介词短语 从句等 也可修饰整 个句子 What an interesting role she played in the film No wonder she has won an Oscar His daughter is shy in public and she never dares to make a speech to the public You don t have to be angry with him He merely wanted to know the truth Only when the war was over did the young soldier return to his hometown 虽然形容词 副词的用法繁多 但是高考单选中对他们的考查也是有章可循的 主要体现在 以下几个方面 1 形容词和副词在具体语境中的运用 试题中提供的四个选项均属于形式相同 意义相异的形容词或副词 做题时必须根据语境 即根据上下文的意思或逻辑等来确定选项 Since Tom accidentally downloaded a virus into his computer he can not open the file now It is not socially acceptable for parents to leave children unattended at that age Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature thus creating a stable environment 2 形容词和副词与其他词的搭配 英语中有些形容词和副词与名词 动词 或另一形容词等的搭配与汉语不完全一样 在平时 学习中通过运用把它们掌握好 如 大 雨 浓 雾中的 大 浓 英语中用 heavy 汉 语中说人数 多 英语中却用 large 汉语中说睡得 香 英语中却说 soundly 等 We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining heavily The number of people present at the concert was much smaller than expected This kind of music is well worth listening to 3 形容词 副词比较等的用法 同级比较用 as 原级 as 两者比较用 比较级 than 三者或以上比较用 最高级 in of Speaking of all the songs he has written I think this is probably his best known one Alan is a careful driver but he drives the least carefully of my friends Little Mary plays the piano as beautifully as her sister 注意 与比较等级有关的还有几个特殊用法需要引起我们的注意 1 the 比较级 the 比较级 表示 越 越 之意 前面的句子 相当于条件状语从句 一般不用将来时 The more you use a dictionary the more useful you will find it to you The higher you climb the mountain the less air you can breathe 用心 爱心 专心 2 2 the 比较级 of the 两者 表示 两者中比较 的 之意 Which is the better of the two books The younger of the brothers is much clever 3 a 最高级 不表示 最 而表示 非常 This is a most difficult lesson in this book She is a most mysterious person 4 形容词和副词比较级和最高级的修饰语 修饰比较级可用 far even still a lot lots a great deal a bit rather three times any no very much 等 修饰最高级可用 by far much nearly almost not quite by no means very second next 等 Are you going to the cinema this evening No the ticket is far too expensive for us The number of people at the concert is much smaller than expected Canada is the second largest country in the world 5 形容词和副词辨析 英语中有些形容词和副词意思相同或相近 有时词形相近 但用法有区别 这些词也是单选 的重点 形容词 calm quiet still silent common usual regular ordinary likely probable possible 副词 fast quickly rapidly very far quite rather hardly mostly almost nearly They will go fishing because the sea is calm The students were quiet when the teacher came into the classroom When I asked her where she had put the dictionary she kept silent Please stay still when I take a photo of you 6 多个形容词的排列顺序 一个名词有多个形容词修饰时其排列顺序通常为 描绘形容词 大小 长短高低 形容词 形 状形容词 年龄 新旧 形容词 颜色形容词 国籍形容词 材料形容词 用途 类别 形容词 名词 动名词 The child dreamed that he had once lived in a pretty little wooden house in the forest It is said that ten strong young Chinese students are required to take part in the boat race 7 something anything 等不定代词的修饰语 形容词用来修饰 some any every 和 no 构成的复合不定代词时要后置 There is nothing interesting in today s newspaper I must have my car repaired because there is something wrong with it 8 以 a 开头的形容词 afraid asleep awake alive aware alike ashamed 等形容词通常在句中作表语和补 语 Are you aware that you are sitting on my hat The witch put the princess under a spell and she fell asleep for ten years When the mother went into the room she found the baby awake 9 副词 enough 的位置 用心 爱心 专心 3 enough 修饰形容词和副词时要后置 He is old enough to support himself Sorry You didn t say it clearly enough 10 有 ly 与无 ly 的副词 有些单词本身是副词 加上 ly 后同样是副词 一般无 ly 的副词表示具体的含义 而有 ly 的副词表示抽象的含义 close 意思是 近 closely 意思是 仔细地 late 意思是 晚 lately 意思是 最近 deep 意思是 深 表示空间深度 deeply 时常表示感情上的深度 深深地 high 表示空间高度 highly 表示程度 相当于 much wide 表示空间宽度 widely 意思是 广泛地 在许多地方 free 的意思是 免费 freely 的意思是 无限制地 高考真题探究 2006 2011 年 2011 全国卷 30 The form cannot be signed by anyone yourself A rather than B other than C more than D better than 答案 B 考点 考查副词短语的辨义 解析 句意为 这张表格只能由你本人签字 rather than 而不 other than 除了 相 当于 but 和 except more than 不仅仅 better than 比 多 好 选 B 2011 全国卷 II 12 It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music but it is another to play it well yourself A quite B very C rather D much 答案 A 考点 考查程度副词的区别 解析 句意为 欣赏好的音乐是一回事 但是自己把它演奏好完全是另一回事 表示 很 非常 时 very 用来修饰形容词 副词或分词形容词 much 用来修饰形容词或副词 的比较级 最高级 也可修饰形容词性的过去分词或描述性形容词的原级 quite 和 rather 都可修饰名词 但 rather 多用于贬义 another 指的是 another thing 这个名词受 quite 的修饰 因此选 A 2011 全国卷 II 17 Mr Stevenson is great to work for I really couldn t ask for a boss A better B good C best D still better 答案 A 考点 考查比较级的否定用法 解析 句意为 为 Stevenson 先生工作真好 我实在找不到比他更好的老板了 否定词 couldn t 与 better 连用 表示 非常好 等于最高级 still better 不能用于否定句中 因此选 A 2011 上海春招 28 You d be exposed to a lot pollution if you moved to a town with pure water and air A more B most C less D least 答案 C 考点 考查形容词比较级的用法 解析 句意为 如果我们搬到空气清新 水质纯净的小镇去 我们受到的污染将会少得多 空格前的 a lot 修饰比较级 more 或 less 根据后面的语意 选 C 用心 爱心 专心 4 2011 江苏卷 25 In that school English is compulsory for all students but French and Russian are A specialB regionalC optionalD original 答案 C 考点 考查形容词的辨义 解析 句意为 在那所学校 英语是学生的必修课 而法语和俄语是选修课 special 特 别的 特意的 regional 地区的 地方的 optional 可选择的 original 原始的 最初的 句中由 but 进行转折 由此可知法语和俄语不是必修课而是可以选修 所以正确答案为 C 2011 福建卷 30 Nowedays there is a increase in children s creativity for they are greatly encouraged to drevelop their talents A sharp B slight C natural D modest 答案 A 考点 考查形容词的辨义 解析 句意为 现在的孩子们在创造力上有很大的提高 因为他们被极力地鼓励着去发展 他们的天赋 sharp 明显的 急剧的 slight 轻微的 稍稍的 natural 自然的 天生的 modest 谦虚的 不过分的 因此选 A 2011 安徽卷 31 I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end A Hopefully B Normally C Thankfully D Conveniently 答案 C 考点 考查副词的辨义 解析 句意为 庆幸的是 我终于打完了比赛 其中的辛苦没有白费 hopefully 充满希 望地 normally 正常地 thankfully 庆幸地 conveniently 方便地 根据句意 选 C 2011 浙江卷 9 The professor could tell by the look in Maria s eyes that she didn t understand a single word of his lecture A cold B blank C innocent D fresh 答案 B 考点 考查形容词的辨义 解析 句意为 根据 Maria 茫然的眼神 这位教授能够看出她对他所讲的内容连一个字也 没有听懂 cold 冰冷的 blank 空虚的 茫然的 innocent 无辜的 fresh 新鲜的 根据 后面 didn t understand 选 B 2011 浙江卷 13 I ve been writing this report for the last two weeks but it has to be handed in tomorrow A finally B immediately C occasionally D certainly 答案 C 考点 考查副词的辨义 解析 句意为 在过去的两周里 我是时续时断地写这个报告 可是这个报告明天就得交 了 finally 最终地 immediately 立即 马上 occasionally 偶尔地 certainly 肯定地 根据 but it has to be handed in tomorrow 句意 选 C 2011 浙江卷 16 My schedule is very right now but I ll try to fit you in A tight B short C regular D flexible 答案 A 考点 考查形容词的辨义 用心 爱心 专心 5 解析 句意为 现在 我的计划很紧凑 但我会尽力把你安排进去 tight 安排 紧凑 的 紧密的 short 简短的 短缺的 不够 regular 有规律的 定期的 符合规定的 flexible 柔韧的 灵活的 可变通的 2011 四川卷 12 How are your recent trip to Sichuan I ve never had one before A a pleasant B a more pleasant C a most pleasant D the most pleasant 答案 B 考点 考查比较级的否定用法 解析 句意为 最近你到四川的旅行怎么样 从来没有这么愉快过 否定词 never 与 a more pleasant 连用 表示 非常愉快 等于最高级 the most pleasant 是特 指 需要有比较的范围 但是这个范围并不存在 因此选 B 2011 陕西卷 17 The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be the present one A as three times big as B three times as big as C as big as three times D as big three times as 答案 B 考点 考查倍数的表达法 解析 句意为 为下一届亚运会而修建的体育馆将会是目前的体育馆三倍大小 表示倍 数的词做修饰语时 放在 as 的前面 即 倍数 as adj as 因此选 B 2011 湖北卷 23 The old engineer s eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was though slow A shaky B heavy C casual D steady 答案 D 考点 考查形容词的辨义 解析 句意为 这位年长的工程师 古铜色的脸上布满皱纹 但目光炯炯 当他走过房间 时 步子虽慢但是沉稳 shaky 颤抖的 heavy 沉重的 casual 漠不关心的 冷淡的 steady 稳定的 根据前面的交代 选 D 2011 湖北卷 24 An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person s characters however they are not always A practical B avoidable C permanent D beneficial 答案 C 考点 考查形容词的辨义 解析 句意为 不幸的童年可能会对人的性格产生一些消极的影响 然而 这些影响不总 是持久的 practical 实际的 实用的 avoidable 可避免的 permanent 永久的 持久的 beneficial 有益的 根据语意 选择 C 2011 湖北卷 25 The state run company is required to make its accounts as as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money A transparent B reasonable C secure D formal 答案 A 考点 考查形容词的辨义 解析 句意为 这家国营企业被要求财务尽可能做到透明 以便公司的员工能对金钱的使 用加以监督 transparent 透明的 reasonable 合理的 secure 安全的 formal 正式的 根据句意 选 A 2011 江西卷 24 The film is I have to say not a bit interesting 用心 爱心 专心 6 Why It s than the films I have ever seen A far more interesting B much less interesting C no more interesting D any less interesting 答案 A 考点 考察形容词比较级 解析 句意为 我得说 这部电影一点都不令人感兴趣 什么 这可比我看过的 电影有趣得多了 程度副词可修饰形容词比较级 放于比较级前 根据应答者用 Why 进行的反问 选 A 2011 江西卷 33 She has already tried her best Please don t be too about her job A special B responsible C unusual D particular 答案 D 考点 考察形容词的固定搭配 解析 句意为 她已经尽了最大的努力 请不要对她的工作太挑剔了 be particular about 对 挑剔 是固定搭配 选 D 10 福建 Volunteering is becoming popular in China Yeah people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves A naturallyB successfully C splendidlyD increasingly 答案 D 考点 副词辨析 解析 志愿活动现在在中国变得越来越受欢迎了 是的 人们一直开始意识到帮助别人就是帮助他们自己 只要知道词义即可得出答案 A 自然地 理所当然地 B 成功地 C 华丽地 壮观地 D 逐渐地 慢慢地 10 福建 Drunk driving which was once a occurrence is now under control A generalB frequent C normalD particular 答案 B 考点 形容词词义辨析 解析 A 一般的 B 经常的 C 正常的 D 特别的 理解词义后 根据生活常识可以得出 答案 10 上海 It took us quite a lon