2012高考英语语法金点拨 定语从句

1 20122012 高考英语语法金点拨 定语从句高考英语语法金点拨 定语从句 作定语的从句叫定语从句 定语从句所修饰的名 代 词叫作先行词 定语从句一般紧跟 在先行词的后面 一 定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导 一 定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导 1 关系代词 who whom whose which that as 2 关系副词 when where why 关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首 起着连接先行词和从句的作用 同时在从句中又 充当句子成分 3 关系词的用法 作主语 that who 指人 作宾语that who whom 省略 作主语 that which 指物 作宾语that which 省略 指人 物 作定语Whose 若指物 可同 of which 互换 关 代 as 作主宾表 地点 whereat in which 时间 whenat in on which 关 系 词 关 副原因 why 介词 whichfor which 注 选择关系词关键看先行词和它在从句中作什么成分而定 e g She is the girl who sings best of all 关系代词 who 在从句中作主语 The comrade with whom I came knows French whom 在从句中作介词 with 的宾语 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down 那人车坏了 大家都 跑过去帮 Please pass me the book whose of which cover is green 请递给我那本绿皮的 书 I ll never forget the days when I worked together with you 我永远不会忘记与你 共事的日子 I ll never forget the days which that I spent together with you 我永远不会 忘记与你共渡的日子 Beijing is the place where in which I was born 北京是我的出生地 Beijing is the place which that I visited last year 北京是我去年参观过的地 方 Is this the reason why for which he refused our offer 这就是他拒绝我们帮助 他的理由吗 Is this the reason which that you explained to me 这就是你给我解释的原因吗 二 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 二 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1 限制性定语从句 从句与主句关系密切 去掉从句 主句意义不完整 甚至不合逻辑 I was the only person in our office who was invited 去掉定语从句 意思就不 完整 2 非限制性定语从句 从句与先行词关系不密切 去掉从句 意思仍完整 形式上用逗号隔开 不能用 that 引导 2 Tom s father who is over sixty still works hard day and night 三 使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题 三 使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题 1 that1 that 与与 whichwhich 的区别 的区别 1 1 用 用 thatthat 而不用而不用 whichwhich 的情况 的情况 先行词为不定代词 anything everything nothing any little one few much all none 等时 先行词有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰 先行词有 the only the very the just 等词修饰 先行词既有人又有物时 当主句是以 who which 开头的特殊疑问句或 先行词是 who 时 There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it 没有什么能阻止他不干那件 事 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill 在桂林他 们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山 This is the best film that I have ever seen 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部 Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人 Who that you have ever seen can beat him in the game 2 2 用 用 whichwhich 而不用而不用 thatthat 的情况 的情况 引导非限制性定语从句 代表整个主句的意思 介词 关系代词 He had failed in the maths exam which made his father very angry 他数学考试没 有及格 这使他的父亲很生气 This is the room in which my father lived last year 这是父亲去年居住过的房子 2 as2 as 和和 whichwhich 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 1 1 asas 引导定语从句时的用法引导定语从句时的用法 as 引导限制性定语从句通常用于 the same as such as 结构中 This is the same book as I lost yesterday 这本书与我昨天丢失的那本书一样 Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China 我们车间使用的这 种机器是中国制造的 as 引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前 也可放在主句之后 用来修饰整个句子 通常用下列句型 as is known to all as we all know as I expect as is announced as is said 等 As I expect he got the first place again in this mid term examination 2 2 asas 与与 whichwhich 引导定语从句时的相同点引导定语从句时的相同点 都可引导定语从句 都可指整个主句 都可在从句中作主宾表 3 3 asas 引导非限制性定语从句时与引导非限制性定语从句时与 whichwhich 的区别的区别 当主句和从句语义一致时 即表正如 正像之意 用 as 反之 用 which 来引导非限制 性定语从句 He made a long speech as we expected He made a long speech which was unexpected as 引导非限制定语从句位于句首 句中或句末 并有逗号和主句隔开 而 which 引导非 限制定语从句只位于句末 并有逗号和主句隔开 Tom drinks a lot every day which his wife doesn t like at all 3 3 关系代词在从句中作主语时 从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定 关系代词在从句中作主语时 从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定 3 The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow 注 This is one of the rooms that are free now 这是目前空着的房间之一 He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school 他是我 们学校中唯一懂法语的人 4 4 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词 中间由一个定语或状语隔开 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词 中间由一个定语或状语隔开 There is an expression in his eyes that I can t understand 5 5 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时 不要拆开 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时 不要拆开 The sick man whom she is looking after is her father 6 6 介词在关系代词前 只能用介词在关系代词前 只能用 whichwhich 和和 whomwhom 且不能省略 介词在句尾 关系代词可有 且不能省略 介词在句尾 关系代词可有 which which that that whom whom 口语中也可用口语中也可用 whowho 且可省略 且可省略 The man whom who that you were talking about has come to school 7 7 当先行词当先行词 wayway 意为方式 方法且在从句中作状语时 引导定语从句的关系词有意为方式 方法且在从句中作状语时 引导定语从句的关系词有 that inthat in whichwhich 或省略 或省略 I don t understand the way that in which they worked out the problem 8 8 先行词是先行词是 timetime 时时 表次数用表次数用 thatthat 引导引导