专四语法结构真题汇总

1 一 一 常见语法现象常见语法现象 1 代词的指代 代词的指代 1 2008 Our association which has consistently pressed for greater employment opportunities for the disabled will publish proposals in the near future A their B our C his D its 3 2005 Children who stay away from school do for different reasons A them B C it D theirs 2 what 引导的名词性从句引导的名词性从句 1 2008 Quality is counts most A which B that C what D where 2 1999 After seemed an endless wait it was her turn to enter the personnel manager s office A that B what C there D it 3 A is to B what C is to D 2 3 倒装句倒装句 1 No sooner had than 主语主语 did 和和 Hardly Scarcely when No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain Hardly had we gotten there when it began to rain 2 2 Not until 引导的状语位于句首时须将句子的主 谓语引导的状语位于句首时须将句子的主 谓语 倒装 倒装 Not until Mike came to china did he know much about her 3 Only 引导的状语 从句 置于句首时 主句的半倒装引导的状语 从句 置于句首时 主句的半倒装 Only 引导的状语从句不能倒装引导的状语从句不能倒装 only 强调主语时 句子不强调主语时 句子不 能倒装能倒装 Only when they came back did I know what had happened Only I know the news 只有我知道这个消息 only 强调的是主语 4 4 虚拟结构中的条件从句的谓语有虚拟结构中的条件从句的谓语有 werewere hadhad 或或 shouldshould 时 去掉时 去掉 ifif 就须将就须将 were were hadhad 和和 shouldshould 移至主语之前移至主语之前 5 notnot only butonly but alsoalso 连接的两个并列的分句 且连接的两个并列的分句 且 notnot onlyonly 位于句首时 位于句首时 notnot onlyonly 后面分句中的主 谓语须倒后面分句中的主 谓语须倒 装 装 butbut alsoalso 后面分句中的主 谓语不能倒装 后面分句中的主 谓语不能倒装 NotNot onlyonly waswas hehe anan artistartist butbut also also hehe waswas a a famousfamous writer writer 6 6 在在 so adj adv that 从句的句子中 如果从句的句子中 如果 so adj adv 放在句首 主句就要用部分倒装形式 放在句首 主句就要用部分倒装形式 3 例如 例如 So small was the mark that I could hardly see it So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself 注 注 suchsuch adj adj n n thatthat 的句型中倒装用法与的句型中倒装用法与 so adj adv that 从句一样 从句一样 7 7 so be have 助动词或情态动词 主语表示前面助动词或情态动词 主语表示前面 所说的情况也适用于另一人 或物 所说的情况也适用于另一人 或物 You must work hard and so must your brother I m a journalist So is my wife 8 seldom hardly often never neither nor rarely litt le 等表示否定 少量的词位于句首时 句子也要倒装 等表示否定 少量的词位于句首时 句子也要倒装 2009 Little about her own safety though she herself was in great danger A she cared B she may care C may she care D did she care 4 定语从句定语从句 1 all that 名词名词 that 与与 what 的区别的区别 2009 I was very interested in she told me A all that B all which C all what D that 4 注意在以下 8 种情况下 指物时用 that 不用 which 1 先行词是 all any everything anything nothing something much little few none the one 等时 There is much that should be used You can take any seat that is free 2 先行词被 all any no only little much very every some few none 等修饰时 I have read all the books that you gave me Every dictionary that our library bought is good 3 当先行词前有形容词的最高级修饰时 This is the most interesting book that I have ever read 4 先行词前有序数词修饰时 包括 the last The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten The Great Wall is the last place that Mr Smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing 5 在以 which who 作主语的特殊疑问句中的定语从句中 Who is the man that is reading a book there 5 Which is the magazine that you borrowed from the reading room 6 当先行词既有表示人又有表示物的词时 We talked of the things and persons that we remembered 7 当先行词在定语从句中做表语时 无论先行词是人还是物 China is no longer the country that she was 8 主句以 there be 开头时 There is little that I can do to make up for the lost time 2003 He is quite worn out from years of hard work He is not the man he was twenty years ago A which B that C who D whom 2 in that 与介词与介词 which 的区别的区别 This book is different from that book in that this one is about chemistry and that one about history 这本书不同于那本 因为这本是有关化学的 而那本是有关历史的 3 whose 可以指人 也可以指物可以指人 也可以指物 2003 Above the trees are the hills magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface 6 A where B of whose C whose D which 4 where 与与 when 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 1996 This company has now introduced a policy pay rises are related to performance at work where 在从句中在从句中 充当状语 充当状语 A which B where C whether D what 1998 She remembered several occasions in the past she had experienced a similar feeling A while B before C that D when I think his real reason for trying to prevent my departure was that he foresaw a time might come when novel writing would fail me and I would need like himself a quiet and secure life with the pubs opening at half past five and the coal settling in the gate 5 定语从句与同位语从句的区别定语从句与同位语从句的区别 A It s thirty years since we last met B But I still remember the story believe it or not we got lost on a rainy night A which B that C what D when 7 5 让步状语让步状语 1 as 引导的让步状语引导的让步状语 Much 形容词或副词形容词或副词 省掉冠词省掉冠词的名词的名词 动词动词 as 从句 意从句 意 为为 即使 虽然即使 虽然 如 如 Young as he is he can read and write in several foreign languages 表语提前表语提前 Child as he is he knows a lot 表语名词提前并常省去冠表语名词提前并常省去冠 词词 Try as he might Tom could not get out of the difficulty I lost my pen Search as I would I could find no sign of it Surrounded as we were by the enemy we managed to march forward Much as you like it you can t take it 如果从句的主语是名词或较长如果从句的主语是名词或较长 也可把主语放在连系动也可把主语放在连系动 词之后词之后 Complicated as is the process of integration it is of great value to the natural sciences 在在动词动词 as 从句从句这一结构中这一结构中 主语后一般加情态动词主语后一般加情态动词 may might can could will would 如无情态动词如无情态动词 主语后应加助动词 主语后应加助动词 do does did Die as he did his spirit lived on Fail as we did we had the spirit to fight the enemy to the l 8 astdrop of our blood 当表语是形容词和名词时 当表语是形容词和名词时 as 也可以用也可以用 though 来代替 来代替 用用 though 时不一定倒装 时不一定倒装 Young Though he is he can read and write in several foreign language Child Though he is he knows a lot 如果是单数名词或形容词最高级作表语 不再用冠词如果是单数名词或形容词最高级作表语 不再用冠词 Youngest as he is in our class he speaks English the best Child as he is he knows much as 从句可以置于主句前 主句后或句中 当从句可以置于主句前 主句后或句中 当 as 从句置于句从句置于句 首时 主句前可加首时 主句前可加 yet Mary brave as she is is afraid of snakes He was unable to make much progress hard as he tried Rich as he is yet I don t envy him while 表示同时并列的转折表示同时并列的转折 2001 I sympathize I can t really do very much to help them out of the difficulties A As long as B As C While D Even 2 however whenever whatever no matter 9 how when what 让步状语从句让步状语从句 3 for all 尽管 虽然 尽管 虽然 名词短语名词短语 1997 he is ready to accept suggestions from different sources A Instead of his contributions B For all his notable contributions C His making notable contributions D However his notable contributions 4 whether or 不论是否不论是否 不管是不管是 还是还是 引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不 会影响主句的意向或结果 会影响主句的意向或结果 You ll have to attend the ceremony whether you re free or busy Whether you believe it or not it s true 6 反意疑问句反意疑问句 1 祈使句的反意疑问句祈使句的反意疑问句 2008 When you have finished with that book don t forget to put it back on my desk A do you B don t you C will you D won t you 2000 Do help yourself to some fruit you 10 A can t B don t C wouldn t D won t Let s go home shall we Let us go home will you Let me help you may I 我可以我可以 吗 吗 Let me help you will you 你让我你让我 吗 吗 3 当陈述部分有 当陈述部分有 usedused to to 时时 反意疑问句附加部分反意疑问句附加部分 用用 didn t didn t usedn t usedn t usedused 主语主语 not not She used to visit her uncle on holidays didn t she She used to visit her uncle on holidays usedn t she He used to play football when he was young used he not 2006 There used to be a petrol station near the park A didn t it B doesn t there C usedn t it D didn t there 4 当陈述部分有当陈述部分有 must be 时时 反意疑问句附加部分用反意疑问句附加部分用 be 的现在时态 的现在时态 He must be very tired isn t he He must be working hard at the office isn t he must have 过去分词过去分词 表示对过去的推测表示对过去的推测 a 单纯表示对过去的推测单纯表示对过去的推测 与现在无关与现在无关 反意疑问句附加反意疑问句附加 11 部分用过去式 部分用过去式 b 表示对过去的推测且影响到现在或持续现在表示对过去的推测且影响到现在或持续现在 反意疑问反意疑问 句附加部分用现在完成式 句附加部分用现在完成式 He must have come yesterday didn t he You must have studied English for years haven t you He must have lived here at least ten years hasn t he 5 can t 表示推测表示推测 作作 不可能不可能 解时解时 反意疑问句附加部反意疑问句附加部 分根据后面的动词选用相应的形式 分根据后面的动词选用相应的形式 He can t be a doctor is he The workers can t have finished their work have they 7 比较级比较级 1 连词连词 than 引导比较状语从句 有时省去部分谓语 保引导比较状语从句 有时省去部分谓语 保 留了主语和助动词 此时助动词移到主语前 留了主语和助动词 此时助动词移到主语前 1996 Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than Eastern Nebraska A in B it receives in C does D it does in 2 连词连词 than 引导比较状语从句 常省去主语 保留谓语引导比较状语从句 常省去主语 保留谓语 部分 这种结构多见于正式文体中 部分 这种结构多见于正式文体中 2007 The research requires more money than A have been put in B has been put in 12 C being put in D to be put in 3 as much as not so much as 1998 Language belongs to each member of the society to the cleaner to the professor A as far as B the same as C as much as D as long as 2007 It is not much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand A that B as C so D very 4 倍数的表达倍数的表达 a 倍数倍数 the size length height of 2009 A new laptop costs about of a second hand one A the price of three times B three times the price C as much as the three times price D three times more than the price 2008 The square itself is five hundred yards wide five times the size of St Peter s in Rome A B that of C which is D of 13 b 倍数倍数 as 形容词或副词形容词或副词 名词名词 as 或倍数或倍数 as many much 名词名词 as 2007 There are as good fish in the sea ever came out of it A than B like C as D so Americans eat as they actually need every day A twice as much protein B twice protein as much twice C twice protein as much D protein as twice much 1993 Some dieters find that after their dieting is over they ate twice they did before their diet A more than B as many as C much than D as much as c 倍数倍数 形容词 或副词 的比较级形容词 或副词 的比较级 than twice more than d 倍数倍数 more 名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数 than twice more protein than e 动词动词 by 数词数词 百分比百分比 倍数倍数 The prices has risen by twice 8 much of a 名词名词 14 2001 He was to tell the truth even to his closest friend A too much of a coward B too much the coward C a coward enough D enough of a coward 2006 It was we had hoped A more a success than B a success more than C as much of a success as D a success as much as 9 主谓一致主谓一致 就近原则 就远原则就近原则 就远原则 10 时态时态 11 插入语插入语 2003 Who was coming to see me in my office this afternoon A you said B did you say C did you say that D you did say 1 常见插入语 常见插入语 a 一般疑问句用作插入语一般疑问句用作插入语 以一般疑问句形式构成的插入语用于特殊疑问句中 此时以一般疑问句形式构成的插入语用于特殊疑问句中 此时 15 插入语后的句子应用陈述语序插入语后的句子应用陈述语序 When do you think he will come Where do you know he has gone b 形容词作插入语 形容词作插入语 true strange to say 说来奇怪 说来奇怪 excellent wonderful 等 等 Wonderful our team has won again Strange to say she didn t go home that day c 介词作插入语 介词作插入语 in brief in short in general of course in fact in other words in a word 等 等 He said he was a teacher but in fact he was a spy In general boys are more active than girls You can t wait any more in other words you should start at once d ing 形式作插入语 形式作插入语 generally strictly speaking judging from 等 等 Generally speaking naughty boys like to speak in class Judging from his looks he is very sick e 不定式作插入语 不定式作插入语 to make the matter worse to tell the truth to be frank honest to sum up to start with to begin with to be sure 等 等 To tell the truth I don t like you 16 I didn t start early To make the matter worse it was raining hard f 一些固定短语作插入语 一些固定短语作插入语 worse than all ever 更糟糕更糟糕 的是的是 worse still 更糟糕的是更糟糕的是 what s more 等 等 I felt very hungry Worse than all I took no money It began to rain Worse than ever I had no umbrella g 语句式插入语 语句式插入语 I am sure I believe think suppose that is to say as we know as I see believe it or not 等 等 He can pass the exam I am sure I believe she is a kind girl He will come on National Day that is to say October 1st 他国庆节要来 也就是说十月一号 他国庆节要来 也就是说十月一号 h 副词作插入语 副词作插入语 indeed certainly surely however or rather 更确切地说 更确切地说 generally besides 等 等 Certainly I won t accept such a foolish plan You speak English quite fluently indeed 练习 练习 1 It is so nice to hear from her we last met more than thirty years ago 17 A What s more B That is to say C In other words D Believe it or not 2 I came home very late last night early this morning A at the latest B or rather C in a word D on the whole 3 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play of course made the others unhappy A who B which C this D what 12 连词连词 2000 This is an illness that can result in total blindness left untreated A after B if C since D unless 2008 I enjoyed myself so much I visited my friends in Paris last year A when B which C that D where 13 习惯搭配习惯搭配 18 14 句子理解句子理解 15 动词 名词 形容词 副词 介词辨异动词 名词 形容词 副词 介词辨异 16 独立主格结构 在形式上与主句没有关系独立主格结构 在形式上与主句没有关系 主要起状语主要起状语 作用作用 相当于一个状语从句相当于一个状语从句 多用来表示行为 方式 伴随等多用来表示行为 方式 伴随等 情况情况 有时也可用来表示时间 原因 条件等情况 有时也可用来表示时间 原因 条件等情况 1 构成 构成 a 名词或代词主格名词或代词主格 分词分词 The experiment done the students went on to take notes in the experiment report Time permitting we can have a walk around the playground after supper 2003 Time the celebration will be held as scheduled A permit B permitting C permitted D permits 2003 Agriculture is the country s chief source of wealth wheat by far the biggest cereal crop A is B been C be D being b 名词或代词主格名词或代词主格 形容词形容词 Computers very small we can use them widely The clothes very dirty you d better wash them quickly 19 c 名词或代词主格名词或代词主格 不定式不定式 The last guest to arrive our party was started d 名词或代词主格名词或代词主格 介词短语介词短语 Our English teacher came into the classroom papers in hand There is a river in the valley fresh flowers on the banks e 名词或代词主格名词或代词主格 副词副词 The meeting over our headmaster soon left the meeting room The lights off we could not go on with the work 17 非谓语动词非谓语动词 1 不定式不定式 a to do 形式做目的状语形式做目的状语 their service the workers of the hotel are active in lea rning English A Improving B To improve C Improved D Havi ng improved b to do 形式做结果状语 其前常带有副词形式做结果状语 其前常带有副词 only 1999 The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighbouring country by the police each time 20 A had been captured B being always captured C only to be captured D unfortunately captured The American troops tried many times to break into the mos que each time A beaten back B only to be beaten back C being beaten back D having been beaten back 2 现在分词现在分词 a doing 作伴随状语 表示分词动作同句子谓语动词所表作伴随状语 表示分词动作同句子谓语动词所表 示动作同时进行示动作同时进行 All night long he lay awake how to drive the Ameri can invaders back home A to think B thinking C thought D being thought 2006 There are only ten apples left in the baskets the spoilt ones A not counting B not to count C don t count D having not counted b doing 做原因状语做原因状语 Seeing the door locked he realized that he would have to tur n back in vain again 21 Not knowing her address I can t write to her to express my gratitude to him They sent us their statement hoping to get our support 1998 he can now only watch it on TV at home A Obtaining not a ticket for the match B Not obtaining a ticket for the match C Not having obtained a ticket for the match D Not obtained a ticket for the match c 做时间状语 相当于做时间状语 相当于 when 引导的从句引导的从句 the big snake the little girl stood under the tree out of her life A Seeing frightened B Seeing frightening C Seen frightened D To see frightening 如果两个动作是同时发生 多用如果两个动作是同时发生 多用 when 或或 while 加分词这种加分词这种 结构 例 结构 例 Be careful when crossing the street When leaving the room she forgot to lock the door She got to know them while attending a conference in Beij ing Don t mention this while talking to him 3 过去分词做状语过去分词做状语 22 a 做原因状语做原因状语 the young man is healthy and strong A Fully developed B Fully growing C Full developing D Full grown in thought he almost ran into the car in front of him A Losing B Having lost C Lost D To lose b 表示一个假设情况 相当于一个条件从句表示一个假设情况 相当于一个条件从句 2007 at in his way the situation does not seem so desperate A Looking B Looked C Being looked D To look 2000 at in this way the present economic situation doesn t seem so gloomy A Looking B Looked C Having looked D To look 注注 一般情况下非谓语动词作状语时 要求非谓语动词一般情况下非谓语动词作状语时 要求非谓语动词 表示的动作和谓语动词的主语相同 但也有少数分词短语表示的动作和谓语动词的主语相同 但也有少数分词短语 实际上已经成为固定结构 表示说话人对说话内容所持的实际上已经成为固定结构 表示说话人对说话内容所持的 态度 态度 the general state of his health it may take him a whil e to recover from the operation A Given B To give C Giving D Having given 23 given 在此意为在此意为 鉴于鉴于 考虑到考虑到 这种评说性的独立成分 这种评说性的独立成分 作状语 其逻辑主语不要求和句子的主语保持一致 这种作状语 其逻辑主语不要求和句子的主语保持一致 这种 情况下 分词短语的逻辑上的主语和句子的主语是不一致情况下 分词短语的逻辑上的主语和句子的主语是不一致 的 可以看作是一种独立成分 的 可以看作是一种独立成分 Judging from what you say he ought to succeed Considering his age the child reads well Taken as a whole there is nothing wrong Given their inexperience they have done a good job 1998 enough time and money the researcher would have been able to discover more in this field A Giving B To give C Given D Being given 1996 time he ll make a flint class tennis player A Having B Given C Giving D Had with developed countries we still have a long way t o go A To compare B Compared C Comparing D Being compared c 分词作状语时 有时前面可以加上一个连词 连词分词作状语时 有时前面可以加上一个连词 连词 than as once if unless though even if 等之后 均可以接等之后 均可以接 24 一个过去分词作状语 这时 分词的逻辑主语是分词的动一个过去分词作状语 这时 分词的逻辑主语是分词的动 作对象 作对象 Though beaten by the opposite team the players didn t lose heart If carefully done the experiment will be successful The research is so designed that once nothing can b e done to change it A begins B having begun C beginning D begun When the museum will be open to the public next y ear A completed B completing C being completed D to be completed who she was she said she was Mary s cousin A Asked B When asked C When asking D Asking 2004 If not with the respect he feels due to him Jack gets very ill tempered and grumbles all the time A being treated B treated C be treated D having been treated 25 18 for there to be 与与 of there being 1 there to be 可用作动词的宾语 可接该结构作宾语的可用作动词的宾语 可接该结构作宾语的 动词不多 常见的有动词不多 常见的有 like prefer hate want mean intend expect consider 等 等 I don t want there to be any misunderstanding Students hate there to be too much homework I expect there to be a big response to our advertisement 注意 在注意 在 let there be 结构中 动词结构中 动词 be 不带不带 to 如 如 Let there be no mistake about it 不要误解我的意思 不要误解我的意思 2 当介词当介词 for 没有任何意义 只用来引出逻辑主语时 没有任何意义 只用来引出逻辑主语时 for 的宾语要用的宾语要用 there to be It was too late for there to be any buses 时间太晚 不会有汽车 了 They asked for there to be another meeting It s important for there to be a fire escape at he back of the building 3 但是 当但是 当 for 表示表示 因为因为 时 其后跟动名词 即时 其后跟动名词 即 for there being 做其它介词的宾语时也用 做其它介词的宾语时也用 there being 如 如 I first want to apologise for there being no report last month We are sorry for there being some mistakes due to our 26 negligence There is now some hope of there bei