英国文学史《西风颂》Ode-to-the-West-Wind赏析.ppt

PercyByssheShelley PercyByssheShelley 1792 1822 OdetotheWestWind Aman tobegreatlygood mustimagineintenselyandcomprehensively hemustputhimselfintheplaceofanotherandofmanyothers Thepainsandpleasuresofhisspeciesmustbecomehisown Thegreatinstrumentofmoralgoodistheimagination and Poetrystrengthensthefacultywhichistheorganofthemoralnatureofman inthesamemannerasexercisestrengthensalimb PercyByssheShelley OdetotheWestWind Notes WrittenintheAutumn 1819 andpublishedinthefollowingyear thispoemhasbecomeoneofthemostpopularandbest knownofShelley sverses InanoteShelleyoutlinedthecircumstancesbehindthepoem smaking ThispoemwasconceivedandchieflywritteninawoodthatskirtstheArno nearFlorence andonadaywhenthetempestuouswind whosetemperatureisatoncemildandanimating wascollectingthevapourswhichpourdowntheautumnalrains Theybegan asIforesaw atsunsetwithaviolenttempestofhailandrain attendedbythatmagnificentthunderandlightningpeculiartotheCisalpineregions OdetotheWestWind Notes OwildWestWind thoubreathofAutumn sbeing Thou fromwhoseunseenpresencetheleavesdeadAredriven likeghostsfromanenchanterfleeing Yellow andblack andpale andhecticred Pestilence strickenmultitudes Othou WhochariotesttotheirdarkwintrybedThewingedseeds wheretheyliecoldandlow Eachlikeacorpsewithinitsgrave untilThineazuresisteroftheSpringshallblowHerclariono erthedreamingearth andfill Drivingsweetbudslikeflockstofeedinair Withlivinghuesandodoursplainandhill WildSpirit whichartmovingeverywhere Destroyerandpreserver hear Ohear Thouonwhosestream midthesteepsky scommotion Loosecloudslikeearth sdecayingleavesareshed ShookfromthetangledboughsofHeavenandOcean Angelsofrainandlightning therearespreadOnthebluesurfaceofthineairysurge LikethebrighthairupliftedfromtheheadOfsomefierceMaenad evenfromthedimvergeOfthehorizontothezenith sheightThelocksoftheapproachingstorm ThoudirgeOfthedyingyear towhichthisclosingnightWillbethedomeofavastsepulchre VaultedwithallthycongregatedmightOfvapours fromwhosesolidatmosphereBlackrain andfire andhailwillburst Ohear ThouwhodidstwakenfromhissummerdreamsTheblueMediterranean wherehelay Lulledbythecoilofhiscrystallinestreams BesideapumiceisleinBaiae sbay AndsawinsleepoldpalacesandtowersQuiveringwithinthewave sintenserday AllovergrownwithazuremossandflowersSosweet thesensefaintspicturingthem ThouForwhosepaththeAtlantic slevelpowersCleavethemselvesintochasms whilefarbelowThesea bloomsandtheoozywoodswhichwearThesaplessfoliageoftheocean knowThyvoice andsuddenlygrowgreywithfear Andtrembleanddespoilthemselves Ohear IfIwereadeadleafthoumightestbear IfIwereaswiftcloudtoflywiththee Awavetopantbeneaththypower andshareTheimpulseofthystrength onlylessfreeThanthou Ouncontrollable IfevenIwereasinmyboyhood andcouldbeThecomradeofthywanderingsoverheaven Asthen whentooutstriptheskyeyspeedScarceseemedavision Iwouldne erhavestrivenAsthuswiththeeinprayerinmysoreneed Oh liftmeasawave aleaf acloud Ifalluponthethornsoflife Ibleed AheavyweightofhourshaschainedandbowedOnetoolikethee tameless andswift andproud Makemethylyre evenastheforestis Whatifmyleavesarefallinglikeitsown ThetumultofthymightyharmoniesWilltakefrombothadeep autumnaltone Sweetthoughinsadness Bethou Spiritfierce Myspirit Bethoume impetuousone DrivemydeadthoughtsovertheuniverseLikewitheredleavestoquickenanewbirth And bytheincantationofthisverse Scatter asfromanunextinguishedhearthAshesandsparks mywordsamongmankind BethroughmylipstounawakenedearthThetrumpetofaprophecy O Wind IfWintercomes canSpringbefarbehind OwildWestWind thoubreathofAutumn sbeing TheWestWindisamanifestationofspiritualorsupernaturalenergy associatedwithbreath respirationandinspiration withpneumaandanima theHolyGhostorSpirit thespiritoflifeitself Thisisimportantinastanzawhichcontainssomanyreferencesandallusionstodeathanddecay reaffirmingtheenergyandvitalityofthewestwind ApartfromthealliterationitisalsoworthnotingthecapitalisationofWestWindinthepoem IntypicallyRomanticfashionanabstractqualityoraspectofNatureispersonifiedandaddressedinthepoem suchthatitappearsdivineorgod like orasanexpressionofthedivine Thou fromwhoseunseenpresencetheleavesdead Leaveshererefertotreesandthewind borneseeds butthephrasealsocarriesassociationswithpaper leavesfrombooks the witheredleaves and deadthoughts referredtoinstanza5 whicharedrivenacrosstheuniversebythepowerofthewind TheleavesherearedeadandfalltotheEarth arecurrentthemeinthisstanza buttheretheymaygiverisetonewlife Aredriven likeghostsfromanenchanterfleeing Helpsbuildupthesenseofdeath andalsolifeafterdeath whichisbroughtaboutbyAutumn andbythewestWind Thereareanumberofimagesinthisstanzawhichhelpbuildupthissenseofdeath hauntingandthesepulchre suchas Pestilence darkwintrybed coldandlow corpsewithinitsgrave emphasizingtheWestWind squalityasaharbingerofDeath EmphasizesthesupernaturalpoweroftheWestWind holdingtheobserverspell bound butremaininginvisible IstheWindherebuttheexpressionofthisinvisibleandsupernaturalpower ratherthantheforceitself ThereferencetoenchantmentanticipatesthenextlineandthereferencestothePestilence drivenmultitudes hypnotisedbythedanceofDeathandunabletoresistitspower Itisalsoworthnotingthatenchantmentoriginallymeantincantation thesingingorweavingofaspell liketheviolentnoisemadebythewinditself Enchanter Ghosts Yellow andblack andpale andhecticred Pestilence strickenmultitudes Othou Whochariotesttotheirdarkwintrybed Tocarryorsteer butwithpossibleassociationsoftransporttotheUnderworld NotethatinthisstanzathereisrecurrentemphasisontheEarth asopposedtotheAirinStanza2andWater SeainStanza3 Seealsotheline likeacorpse withinitsgrave 2lineson Thecoloursoftheleavessweptfromthetrees butpossiblealsoareferencetothecoloursoftheworld sraces sweptawaybytheforcesofChangeandDestructionatworkthroughouttheworld i e notjustinEurope Thewordhecticheremeansfeverish withitsrelatedassociationsoffrenzy energyandwrithing pickedupinthenextline sreferencetoPestilence thePlaguewhichdestroyswholecommunities Thewingedseeds wheretheyliecoldandlow Eachlikeacorpsewithinitsgrave untilThineazuresisteroftheSpringshallblow Bornebytheair theseseedsfalltotheearthandliedormant notdead untilawakenedbytheclarioncallofSpring azure referstotheclearblueofthecloudlessskiesofSpring butthephraseasawholerelatestothegentlewestwindofSpring morematernalthanAutumn swind Atthispointinthestanzathereisadistinctshiftinmood anticipatingthegentlerandmorepastoraltimeofSpring withanoticeablymoredream like softandgentlemood Herclariono erthedreamingearth andfill Drivingsweetbudslikeflockstofeedinair Withlivinghuesandodoursplainandhill i e thetrumpetcall atraditionalpastoralmotif perhapsassociatedwiththeResurrection buthereassociatedwiththepastoralimageoftheshepherdesssummoningherflocks thewind borneseedsspringingintobuds brightandcheerfulafterthedrabnessanddeathofWinter WildSpirit whichartmovingeverywhere Destroyerandpreserver hear Ohear ThestanzaendswithafinalcoupletwhichreturnsustothesenseoftheWindaswildandeverinmotion afterthebriefrespiteofSpringdescribedinthepreviousfourlines Theemphasishereon moving everywhere mightsuggestthattheWind orspiritbehindthewind iscontinuallyinmotioninallcreatednature andnotjustinthisoneMediterraneanlocation inotherwords thewindsofchange TheWindpossessesthesetwoattributes coupledalsowithitsroleasCreator InHindumythologythethreeprincipalgodsareSiva Destroyer Brahma Creator andVishnu Preserver anditissignificantthatShelley spoeminvokesallthreegodsasmanifestedintheoneabstractforceof orwithinorbehind theWestWind ThephraseneatlyexpressestheambivalentattitudewhichShelleyfeelstowardstheWind PictureofPercyByssheShelley Thouonwhosestream midthesteepsky scommotion Loosecloudslikeearth sdecayingleavesareshed ShookfromthetangledboughsofHeavenandOcean inotherwords theflowofthewindorair Thisstanzaispredominantlyconcernedwiththeviolenceandterrorofairstorms anditbeginswithadescriptionwhichexpressesthepowerfulspectacleoffractocumulusturbulence whichbringair Heaven andwater Ocean togetherasonepowerfulforce Notetheuseofthephrase decayingleaves whichcontinuesonfromthereferencetothe leaves ofStanza1 Commotion Angelsofrainandlightning therearespreadOnthebluesurfaceofthineairysurge Likethebrighthairupliftedfromthehead Possiblyareferencetomessengersandheraldsofviolentthunderstormsandwaterspouts buthelpingalsotobuilduptheatmosphereofsupernaturalenergiesandforcessuggestedlaterinthestanza OfsomefierceMaenad evenfromthedimvergeOfthehorizontothezenith sheightThelocksoftheapproachingstorm Thoudirge TheMaenadswerefemalefollowsoftheGreekgodDionysus thegodofwineandwildrevelry whowereobservedtobepossessedwiththespiritoffrenzyandexcess HereShelleydrawsontheassociationsofthisclassicalreferencetocreateavividimpressionofthedancingMaenads theirhairstreamingoutandupintotheair likenedtothewaterraisedbythewaterspouts afurtherimageofdemonicpossession amournfullamentforthedead HereShelleyseekstoemphasizetheterrifyingdarknessofthestormscene withitsdarknessandassociationswithdeath Maenad Ofthedyingyear towhichthisclosingnightWillbethedomeofavastsepulchre Vaultedwithallthycongregatedmight Ofvapours fromwhosesolidatmosphereBlackrain andfire andhailwillburst Ohear Theimagehereisofthedarkenedskysimilartoavastcathedral sinterior withthesolidcloudsformingtheroof andfurtherimagesofdeathandalsooftheapocalypse vastsepulchre dyingyear etc TheWestWind ThouwhodidstwakenfromhissummerdreamsTheblueMediterranean wherehelay Lulledbythecoilofhiscrystallinestreams Atthebeginningofthisthirdstanzathereisanapparentchangeofmoodandtone asthepoemrecallsthemoodbothofSummer andofolderaristocraticcivilisationsnowburiedbeneaththeMediterraneanwaters TheconnectionbetweenSummerandolderpoliticalandsocialorders thepoliticalimplicationofthepoem isthatoftheWestWinditself whichShelleytypifiesasactingatfirstbelowthewater andnowonitssurface Inthefirstpartofthestanzatheemphasis however isonthesensuousandluxuriant inphrasessuchas lulled and sleep BesideapumiceisleinBaiae sbay AndsawinsleepoldpalacesandtowersQuiveringwithinthewave sintenserday AnareawestofNaples anotoriouslyvolcanicarea hencethereferenceto pumice andaformertouristresortinRomantimes In1818ShelleyhadtakenaboattripintheBayandobserved theruinsofitsantiquegrandeurstandinglikerocksinitstransparentseaunderourboat AstheRomantownhadbeenrenownedforitsluxury immoralityandevencrueltyShelleyusestheimageofthenowunderwaterpartsoftheresortasasymbolofanolderaristocraticorder overgrownwith mossandflowers andlevelledbytheAtlantic spower Shelleyhereintroducesareflectiononthefutilityandtransitorinessofhumanauthoritywhensetagainsttheforcesofnature manifestedinphenomenonsuchasvolcanoesandtempests pumiceisle AllovergrownwithazuremossandflowersSosweet thesensefaintspicturingthem ThouForwhosepaththeAtlantic slevelpowersCleavethemselvesintochasms whilefarbelowThesea bloomsandtheoozywoodswhichwearThesaplessfoliageoftheocean know TheWestWindhashaditsoriginsintheAtlantic andShelleysuggestsheretheimpactoftheWindasitseffectsreachacrossEuropetotheMediterranean Thepoliticalimplications intermsof wavesofrevolution sweepingeastwardsacrossthecontinent areclear theAtlantic sinfluenceisa levelling one breakingdownthesocialdivisionsbroughtaboutbytyrannyandinjustice Alternatively eventheAtlanticiswhippedintochasmsbytheforceofthewind soitisinevitablethattheMediterranean swaterswilldosoalso Levelpowers AChasm Thyvoice andsuddenlygrowgreywithfear Andtrembleanddespoilthemselves Ohear Shelleycommentshere Thephenomenonalludedtoattheconclusionofthethirdstanzaiswellknowntonaturalists thevegetationatthebottomofthesea ofrivers andoflakes sympathizeswiththatofthelandinthechangeoftheseasons andisconsequentlyinfluencedbythewindswhichannounceit Inthecontextofwhathasprecededthem theselinessuggestthateventheolderaristocraticRomanorderhadtorecognisetheinevitabilityofitsfallundertheforcesoftimeandofnature YetagaintheWestWindistypifiedasbothagentandharbingerofradicalandviolentchange Withinthestanzaasawholetheseclosinglinesradicallydisruptthemoodofcalmandsensualitycreatedinthefirstelevenlinesorso Despoil herereferstothelossofleaves Shelley sreferencetotheunderwatertreeslosingitsleavesechoestheearlierreferencestothelossofleavesinthefirsttwostanzas whichispickedupanddrawntogetherinstanzas4and5 IfIwereadeadleafthoumightestbear IfIwereaswiftcloudtoflywiththee Awavetopantbeneaththypower andshare Atthispointthereisabreakinthepoem aradicalshiftofargumentandapullingtogether Shelleylikeshimself hypothetically toaleaf acloudandawave subjecttotheforceoftheWestWind andaskstobebornealoftwithit hemaybetalkingabout inspiration or enthusiasm bothwordswhicharederivedfromthesenseofbeingfilledwithair inflated risingaboveexperienceandage Theimpulseofthystrength onlylessfreeThanthou Ouncontrollable IfevenIwereasinmyboyhood andcouldbe Thecomradeofthywanderingsoverheaven Asthen whentooutstriptheskyeyspeedScarceseemedavision Iwouldne erhavestriven TheWindisnotsubjecttotheforcesofself regulationandtheApollonianurgetoorderandgiveform unlikeShelleyhimself Heisasking ineffect forareturntotherawpowerandenergyhefeltandknewasachild Asthuswiththeeinprayerinmysoreneed Oh liftmeasawave aleaf acloud Ifalluponthethornsoflife Ibleed AheavyweightofhourshaschainedandbowedOnetoolikethee tameless andswift andproud Makemethylyre evenastheforestis ThisisanimportantmotifwhichrunsthroughoutShelley spoetry butismostclearlyarticulatedinhisDefenceofPoetry LikeColeridgeandWordsworthbeforehim Shelleyusestheimageofthatfavouriteromantictoy theaeolianlyre asasymboloftherelationshipbetweenthemindofmanandthe externalworld ForShelley asforColeridge thehumanmindcouldbelikenedtothestringsofalyre whichmakesmusicwhenthewind experience outwardsenseimpressions blowsthroughthestringsandcreatesbothmelodyandharmony Asapoetthereisanobviousconnectionherewiththeconceptofpoetic inspiration theabilitytobemovedanddrawnbythespiritualrushofthespiritintheair TheWestWindinthepoemdoes asStanzas1 3suggest rushthroughthetrees drawingleavesdowntothegroundandmakingitsownsound AtthispointinthepoemShel