初中英语语法名词篇(附习题和答案)

1 23 中考中考英语语法英语语法 名词 名词篇 篇 语法总述 语法总述 词类 句子成分和构词法 词类 句子成分和构词法 1 词类 词类 名词 形容词 代词 数词 冠词 动词 副词 介词 连词 感叹词 1 名词 n 表示人 事物 地点或抽象概念的名称 如 boy morning ball class orange clock 合成名词 8 year olds groun ups passers by e mail 2 代词 pron 主要用来代替名词 如 who she you it 3 形容词 adj 表示人或事物的性质或特征 如 good right white orange ugly sweet far 合成形容词 8 year old hard working 4 数词 num 表示数量或事物的顺序 基数词 one two three hundred 序数词 first second third 量词 a piece of two bottles of three basket of four bowls of five cups of six pairs of 5 动词 v 表示动作或状态 系词 am is are 半系词 look sound feel get become keep stay taste smell turn 实意动词 have see think beat walk 助动词 辅助动词构成否定 疑问等语气 辅助东西构成时态语态等 如 be do does did will can should may 2 23 6 副词 adv 修饰动词 形容词或其他副词 说明时间 地点 程度等 如 now here often quietly slowly home upstairs hard very really 7 冠词 art 用在名词前 帮助说明名词 如 a an the 8 介词 prep 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系 如 in on at from above under behind with without to 短语介词 next to in front of at the age of 9 连词 conj 用来连接词 短语或句子 如 and or before when while after as soon as if unless until because so though but even if even though as if 10 感叹词 interj 表示喜 怒 哀 乐等感情 如 oh well hi hello 2 句子成分 句子成分 主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语 表语 宾语补足语 1 主语是句子所要说的人或事物 回答是 谁 或者 什么 通常用名词或代词担任 如 I m Miss Green 我是格林小姐 2 谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态 回答 做 什么 主要由动词担任 如 Jack cleans the room every day 杰克每天打扫房间 3 表语在系动词之后 说明主语的身份或特征 回答是 什么 或者 怎么样 通常由名词 代词或 形容词担任 如 My name is Ping ping 我的名字叫萍萍 4 宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果 回答做的是 什么 通常由名词或代词担任 如 He can spell the word 他能拼这个词 有些及物动词带有两个宾语 一个指物 一个指人 指物的叫直接宾语 指人的叫间接宾语 间接宾语一般放 在直接宾语的前面 如 He wrote me a letter 他给我写了一封信 有时可把介词 to 或 for 加在间接宾语前构成短语 放在直接宾语后面 来强调间接宾语 如 He wrote a letter to me 他给我写了一封信 5 定语修饰名词或代词 通常由形容词 代词 数词等担任 如 Shanghai is a big city 上海是个大城市 6 状语用来修饰动词 形容词 副词 通常由副词担任 如 He works hard 他工作努力 3 23 7 宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么 通常由形容词或动词充当 如 They usually keep their classroom clean 他们通常让教室保持清洁 He often helps me do my lessons 他常常帮我做功课 The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself 老师要我自学法语 同位语通常紧跟在名词 代词后面 进一步说明它的情况 如 Where is your classmate Tom 你的同 学汤姆在哪里 3 构词法 构词法 英语构词法主要有 合成法 派生法和转换法 1 合成法 如 spaceship headache basketball playground 等等 2 派生法 1 派生名词 动词 er or 动词 ing 动词 t ion 形容词 ness 其他 如 inventor learner swimming congratulation kindness carelessness knowledge 2 派生形容词 名词 y 名词 ful 动词 ing ed friendly dangerous Chinese Japanese English French German 国名 i an 如 snowy sunny hopeful beautiful interesting follwing daily 每日的 nervous delicious 3 派生副词 形容词 ly 其它 如 slowly angrily full fully good well possible possibly 等等 3 转换法 1 形容词 动词 如 dry 干燥的 dry 弄干 clean 干净的 clean 打扫 弄干净 等等 2 动词 名词 如 look walk rest work study swim go talk 等等 3 名词 动词 如 hand 手 传递 face 脸 面对 等等 4 形容词 副词 如 early early fast fast 等等 5 副词 连词 如 when 什么时候 当 时候 等等 6 介词 副词 如 in 到 里 在里面 在家 on 在 上 进行 继续 等等 名词篇 名词篇 名词的种类 英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类 名词的种类 英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类 专有名词普通名词 可数名词不可数名词国名 地名 人名 团体 机构名称个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词 1 专有名词是个别的人 地 物 团体 机构等的专用名称 专有名词是个别的人 地 物 团体 机构等的专用名称 4 23 专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写 如 Jilin Tom China 1 零冠词 如 Yale University Beijing Railway Station 是由专有名词 普通名词组成 往往为并列关系 2 定冠词 如 the United States the Great Wall 由形容词 普通名词组成 3 姓氏名如果采用复数形式 则表示该姓氏一家人 复数含义 如 the Greens 格林一家人 2 普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称 普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1 个体名称 表示单个的人和事物 house 马 car 汽车 room 房间 apple 苹果 fun 风扇 picture 照片 2 集体名称 表示一群人或一些事物的名称 people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队 government 政府 group 集团 3 物质名词 表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质 fire 火 steel 钢 air 空气 water 水 milk 牛奶 4 抽象名词 表示动作 状态 品质或其他抽象概念 labour 劳动 health 健康 life 生活 friendship 友情 patience 耐力 3 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词 可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词 如 box child orange 不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词 如 water news oil population information 4 英语可数名词的单复数 英语可数名词的单复数 英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式 1 规则名词的复数形式 规则例词 1一般情况在词尾加 smap maps sea seas girl girls day days 2以 s x ch sh 结尾的名词后加 es class classes box boxes watch watches dish dishes bench benches glasses dresses wishes faxes 3 以 f 或 fe 结尾 的词 变 f 和 fe 为 v 再加 es leaf leaves thief thieves knife knives loaf loaves wife wives shelf shelves wolf wolves life lives half halves leaf leaves yourself yourselves 5 23 加 s belief beliefs chief chiefs proof proofs roof roofs gulf gulfs 4以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词 变 y 为 i 加 es party parties family families story stories city cities baby babies duty duties comedy comedies documentary documentaries 5 以元音字母加 y 结尾的名词 或专有名词以 y 结尾的 加 s toy toys boy boys day days ray rays Henry Henrys toy toys key keys ways 一般加 es hero heroes Negro Negroes potato potatoes tomato tomatoes 不少外来词加 s piano pianos photo photos auto autos kilo kilos solo solos 6 以辅音字母加 o 结尾的名词 两者皆可zero zeros zeroes volcano volcanoes volcanos 7以元音字母加 o 结尾的名词加 sradio radios bamboo bamboos zoo zoos 8以 th 结尾的名词加 struth truths mouth mouths month months path paths 9 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加 s 或 s 但如是缩略词则只加 s 如 Is I s Ks K s 如 IDs VCDs SARs 2 不规则名词复数 英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的 现归纳如下 规则例词 1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man men woman women foot feet goose geese mouse mice man men woman women sheep sheep tooth teeth child children goose geese 2单复数相同sheep deer series means works fish species li yuan jin 3只有复数形式 ashes trousers clothes thanks goods glasses compasses contents 4一些集体名词总是用作复数cattle staff 5 部分集体名词既可以作单数 表整体 也 可以作复数 表其中的人或者成员 audience class family crowd couple group committee government population crew team public enemy party police 警察局 警察 class 班 同学 family 家 家庭成员 6复数形式表示特别含义 customs 海关 forces 军队 times 时代 spirits 情绪 drinks 饮料 sands 沙滩 papers 文件报纸 manners 礼貌 looks 外表 brains 头脑智力 greens 青菜 ruins 废墟 加 s Americans Australians Germans Greeks Swedes Europeans 7表示 某国人 单复数同形Swiss Portuguese Chinese Japanese sheep deer fish 6 23 以 man 或 woman 结尾 的改为 men women Englishmen Frenchwomen 将主体名词变为复数sons in law lookers on passers by story tellers boy friends 8合成名词 无主体名词时将最后一 部分变为复数 grown ups housewives stopwatches 把主要名词变成复数 做定语的名词一把用单 数 a boy student some boy students an apple tree some apple trees a shoe factory some shoe factories an eight year old boy 名词作定语将两部分都 变为复数 a woman singer women singers a man teacher men teachers 9 名词作定语 名词作定语 a sports bag two sports bag a clothes store two clothes stores 10 常以复数形式出现 scissors 剪刀 goods 货物 trousers 裤子 glasses 玻璃杯 people pants shorts shoes glasses gloves clothes socks 11 单复数意义不同 fish 鱼 fishes 鱼的种类 paper 纸 papers 报纸 卷子 论 文 work 工作 works 作品 工厂 glass 玻璃 glasses 玻璃 杯 眼镜 orange 桔子水 oranges 橙子 light 光线 lights 灯 people 人 peoples 民族 time 时间 times 时代 次数 chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡 5 名词所有格 名词所有格 名词在句中表示所属关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格 相当于物主代词 在句中作定语 宾语或主语 所有格分三种 一是名词词尾加 s 构成 二是由介词 of 加名词构成 前者多表示有生命的东西 后者多表 示无生命的东西 三是双重所有格 1 s 所有格的构成 所有格的构成 单数名词在末尾加 s the boy s father Jack s book her son in law s photo Jim s bed the man s wife the fox s tail 一般在末尾加 the teachers room the twins mother Childern s Day 复数名词 不规则复数名词后加 sthe children s toys women s rights 以 s 结尾的人名所有格加 s 或者 Dickens novels Charles s job the Smiths house the students books Teachers Day my boss office a girls dormitory 表示各自的所有关系时 各名词末尾均须 加 s Japan s and America s problems Jane s and Mary s bikes 7 23 表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加 s Japan and America s problems Jane and Mary s father Lucy and Lily s bedroom 表示 某人家 店铺 所有格后名词 省略 the barber s the tailor s my uncle s my aunt s 我阿姨家 the doctor s 诊所 2 s 所有格的用法 所有格的用法 有些表示时间 距离 度量衡 价值 自然现象 国家 城镇等无生命东西的名词 也可以加 s 构成 所有格 表示时间 表示自然现象 表示国家城市等地方的名词 表示工作群体 表示度量衡及价值 today s newspaper five weeks holiday the earth s atmosphere the tree s branches the country s plan the world s population China s industry the ship s crew majority s view the team s victory a mile s journey five dollars worth of apples 2与人类活动有特殊关系的名词the life s time the play s plot 3某些固定词组a bird s eye view a stone s throw at one s wit s end 不知所措 名词所有格所修饰的词 如果前面已经提到过 往往可以省略 以免重复 Whose pen is this It s Tom s 这是谁的钢笔 是汤姆的 The bike is not mine but Tom s 这辆自行车不是我的 是 Tom 的 3 of 所有格的用法 所有格的用法 用于无生命的东西 the legs of the chair the cover of the book a map of the world the story of a hero the windows of the room the title of the film 用于有生命的东西 尤其是有较长定语时 the classrooms of the first year students 某些 of 所有格和 s 所有格可以互换 the son of a poor peasant a poor peasant s son 一个贫农的儿子 8 23 但有时含义却不相同 请比较下面的例子 an old woman s story 一个老妇人讲自己的身世 the story of an old woman 别人讲一个老妇人的身世 4 双重所有格双重所有格 在意义上与在意义上与 one of 相似 相似 1 of 名词所有格 名词性物主 代词 a friend of my father s 我父亲的一位朋友 one of my father s friends a friend of mine 我的一位朋友 one of my friends 此外 不定冠词 数词 某些不定代词 some any many no few 等 以及 which 等限定词 采用 of 所 有格或双重所有格形式 例如 most of the students 学生中的大多数 three of them 他们中的三个人 I like reading some books of his 我喜欢读他的一些书 Which book of Qiong Yao s do you like best 你最喜欢琼瑶的哪一本书 5 s 所有格 所有格 of 所有格和双重所有格三者之间的细微区别所有格和双重所有格三者之间的细微区别 请仔细比较下面三句话 1 She is Mary s brother s friend 2 She is a friend of Mary s brother 3 She is a friend of Mary s brother s 1 句用的是 s 所有格 侧重说明她和 Mary 的哥哥是朋友关系 突出 friend 一词 2 句用的是 of 所有格 侧重说明她和 Mary 的哥哥是朋友关系 强调突出了 Mary s brother 3 句用的是双重所有格 侧重说明 Mary 哥哥的朋友不止是一个 她只是其中的一个 6 名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题 1 谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致 即 主语是是单数或者不可数名词时 谓语动词用单数形式 主 语是复数时 谓语动词用复数 如 The computer was a great invention 计算机是个了不起的发明 The water in the glass is very cold 玻璃杯里的水很冷 The students are working hard 2 集体名词 如 family class team group row police school 等 做句子主语时 如果表示整体概念 则谓语用单数形式 如 Class Three is a very good class 三班是好班 如果表示其中的所有成员时 则谓语用复数形式 如 Class Three have a map of China 三班有张中国地图 9 23 3 Chinese Japanese fish sheep people 等表示单个时谓语用单数 表示许多时 谓语用复数 如 There is a sheep in the yard 院子里有只绵羊 There are some sheep in the yard 院子里有一些绵羊 4 maths news 等虽然有 s 结尾 但不是复数 因此谓语仍用单数 The news is very exciting 这个消息令 人兴奋 5 glasses shoes socks trousers gloves 等名词往往用复数形式 故谓语用复数 如 The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them 裤子很便宜 我想买 6 a lot of some 既可以修饰可数名词 也可以修饰不可数名词 单复数看后边名词 如 Some students are playing baseball now 现在有许多学生在打垒球 A lot of time was wasted on that work 大量的 时间花在了那个工作上 被动句 7 and 连接两个名词做主语时 谓语原则上用复数 但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物或者表示一个 人或事物的两个身份时 谓语则用单数 如 The teacher and his son are picking apples now 老师和他的儿子 在摘苹果 Fish and chips is very famous food 鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品 The teacher and writer is coming 这教师兼作家马上要来了 8 there be 句型中 be 的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定 如 There is a table and four chairs in the room 房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子 9 用 both and 连接两个事物做主语时 谓语一般用复数 如 Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow 你和我明天要求都来 10 主语中含有 with 的短语时 谓语单复数由 with 之前的人物决定 如 A woman with a 7 year old child was standing at the side of the road 一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子 当时 就站在路边 11 either or 或者 neither nor 连接两个人物做句子主语时 谓语采用就近原则 如 Either you or he is right 要么是你对 要么是他对 你和他有一个人是对的 Neither you nor I am going there 你和 我都不打算去那里 12 表示一段时间 距离 金钱等度量衡时 谓语一般用单数 如 Two months is not a short time 两 个月不是个短时间 Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance 距离 两千千米是相当长的一段距离 Two thousand dollars isn t a large amount of money 两千美元不是一笔大数目 13 主语中含有 half of three quarters of all of the 等词语时 谓语的单复数由名词确定 如 Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English 因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的 A third of the students were playing near the lake 学生的三分之一正在湖边玩耍 All of the water in these rivers has been polluted 这些河流中的水已经被污染了 被动句 有的单词有两种含义 既可数 也不可数 根据意思鉴别 What s the population of China 中国人口是 多少 人口 强调数量 单数 Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs 阿拉伯人 这个城市 四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人 人口 强调人 复数 7 名词的功能名词的功能 名词在句中作主语 宾语 介词宾语 宾语补助语 表语以及名词短语作状语 The bag is in the desk 作主语 书包在桌子里边 10 23 I washed my clothes yesterday 作宾语 昨天我洗了我的衣服 This is a good book 作表语 这是一本好书 We elected him our monitor 作宾语补助语 我们选他为我们的班长 Mary lives with her parents 作介词宾语 玛丽和她的父母亲住在一起 He is a Party member 作定语 他是一名党员 They study hard day and night 作 时间 状语 他们白天黑夜地学习 名词专项练习 1 1 She was very happy She in the maths test A makes a few mistake B made a few mistakes C made few mistakes D makes few mistake 2 We need some more Can you go and get some please A potato B potatos C potatoes D potatoe 3 are for cutting things A Knife used B Knives used C Knife using D Knives using 4 What big the tiger has A tooth B teeth C tooths toothes 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree A leafs B leaves C leaf D leave 6 Can we have some Yes please A banana B oranges C apple D pear 7 On the table there are five A tomatos B piece of tomatoes C tomatoes D tomato 11 23 参考答案 1 C 2 C 3 B 4 B 5 A 6 B 7 C 2 1 They got much from those new books A ideas B photos C information D stories 2 He gave us on how to keep fit A some advices B some advice C an advice D a advice 3 When we saw his face we knew was bad A some news B a news C the news P news 4 What lovely weather it is A B the C an D a 参考答案 1 C 2 B 3 C 4 A 3 1 Would you like tea No thanks I have drunk two A any bottles of orange B some bottles of orange C many bottles of oranges D few bottle of oranges 2 He is hungry Give him to eat A two breads B two piece of bread C two pieces of bread D two pieces of breads 3 It really took him to draw the nice horse A sometimes B hour C long time D some time 4 I would like to have A two glasses of milk B two glass of milk I C two glasses of milks D two glass of milks 5 Can you give me A a tea B some cup of tea C a cup tea D a cup of tea 6 Please give me paper A one B a piece C a D a piece of 7 John bought for himself yesterday A two pairs of shoes B two pair of shoe C two pair of shoes D two pairs shoes 参考答案 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 A 5 D 6 D 7 A 4 1 How many have you got on your farm 12 23 I ve got five A sheeps B sheep C pig D chicken 2 Some came to our school for a visit that day A Germans B Germen C Germany D Germanies 3 In the picture there are many and two A sheep foxes C sheeps foxesB sheeps fox D sheep foxs 4 A group of will visit the museum tomorrow A Hungarian B Australian C JapaneseD American 参考答案 1 B 2 A 3 A 4 C 5 1 This table is made of A many glass B glasses C some glasses D glass 2 What would you like to have for lunch sir I d like A chicken B a chicken C chickens D the chicken 3 Children should make for old people in a bus A room B a room C rooms D the room 参考答案 1 D 2 A 3 A 6 1 Tables are made of A wood B some woods C wooden D woods 2 I wonder why are so interested in action 武打片 films A people B peoples C the people D the peoples 3I have read of the young writer A works B workC this works D the works 参考答案 1 A 2 A 3 D 7 1 Let s meet at 7 30 outside the gate of 13 23 A the People s Park B the Peoples Park C the People Park D People s Park 2 Chinese people are hard working people A a B We the C The the D The a 3 How many were there in the street when the accident happened A policeman B polices C police D peoples 参考答案 1 A 2 D 3 C 8 1 If these trousers are too big buy a smaller A set B one C piece D pair 2 Last week I bought a TV A pair B set C piece D block 3 There is a of wood left on the ground A cup B piece C box D pair 参考答案 1 B 2 B 3 B 9 1 There are sixty seven in our school A women s teacher B women teachers C woman teachers D women teacher 2 There are five in our factory A woman driver B women driver C woman drivers D women drivers 3 These were sent to the villages to help the farmers A women doctor B women doctorsC woman doctors D woman doctor 参考答案 1 B 2 D 3 B 10 1 They write most of their in English A business letter B business letters C businesses D businesses letters 2 We came to a at last and went in 14 23 A watch shop B watches shop C watching shop D watchs shop 3 This shop sells apples bananas and things like these It s a A food shop B book shop C fruit shop D vegetable shop 4 She broke a while she was washing up A glass of wine B glass for wine C glass wine D wine glass 5 I ve forgotten both of the A room numbers B rooms number C rooms numbers D room number 参考答案 1 B 2 A 3 C 4 D 5 A 11 1 September 10th is in China A Teacher s Day B Teachers Day C Teacher Day D Teachers Day 2 Is the broom under desk No it s under A the teacher s my B teacher s mine C teacher s me D the teacher s mine 3 Excuse me where is the A men s room B mens room C men s rooms D men rooms 参考答案 1 B 2 D 3 A 12 1 The football under the bed is A Lily and Lucy B Lily s and Lucy s C Lily s and Lucy D Lily and Lucy s 2 This is my dictionary A sister Mary B sister s C sister Mary s D sister s Mary s 3 He went to shop to buy a shirt A a tailorB the tailor C a tailors D the tailors 4 Joan is A Mary s and Jack sister B Mary and Jack s sister C Mary and Jack sister D Mary s and Jack s sister 参考答案 1 D 2 B 3 D 4 B 13 1 In a few time those mountains will be covered with trees A year B years C year s D years 15 23 2 It s about walk from my house A ten minute B ten minutes C ten minute s D ten minutes 3 The post office is a bit far from here It s about A thirty minutes s walk B thirty minute s walk C thirty minutes walk D thirty minutes walk 4 Half telephone calls are made in English A the world B world C the world s D world s 参考答案 1 B 2 B 3 C 4 C 14 1 face to the south A Windows of the room B The windows of the room C The room s windows D The windows in room 2 Please take two A picture of the park B pictures of the park C the pictures of a park D picture of a park 3 The workers are repairing A the roof of the house B a roof of the house C roof of the house D this roof of house 参考答案 1 B 2 B 3 A 15 1 Miss Smith is a friend of A Mary s mother s B Mary s mother C mother s of Mary D Mary mothers 2 This is a book of A Tom B Tom s C her D him 3 The post card is sent by A a friend of my father B a friend of my father s C my father friend D my father friend s 参考答案 1 A 2 B 3 AB 16 23 16 1 Sydney is a city of A America B Germany C Australia D Japan 2 My father likes buying us A cars B flowers C peasants D presents 3 In England the last name is the A full name B family name C middle nameD given name 4 Mr Gao is a teacher He works in a new A shop B school C factory D hospital 参考答案 1 C 2 D 3 B 4 B 17 1 My father is a He works in a hospital A teacher B doctor C farmer D soldier 2 Which animal lives only in China The A tiger B monkeyC pandaD elephant 3 April come before and after A March May B May March C June May D March February 4 Which of the following is right A China has a large population B China has much population C China has many populations D China has a great deal of population 5 You played the violin wonderfully Will you please play another A one B game C programme D piece 参考答案 1 B 2 C 3 A 4 D 18 1 A pair of trousers yuan A am B are C is 2 is the rice Five yuan a kilo A How many B How much C How old 17 23 3 I need to two pencil A box B boxes C boxs 4 Linda s sister likes Sh