福建省泉州市2014高考英语 文章突破一轮训练（5）

1 泉州市泉州市 20142014 高考英语文章突破一轮训练 高考英语文章突破一轮训练 5 5 及答案 及答案 社会生活类 2012 上海卷 C C Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles UCLA have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress related disorders Until now psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same fight or flight reaction to stress In other words individuals either react with aggressive behavior such as verbal or physical conflict fight or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation flight However the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress While men often react to stress in the fight or flight response women often have another kind of reaction which could be called tend and befriend That is they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young tend and by looking for social contact and support from others especially other females befriend Scientists have long known that in the fight or flight reaction to stress an important role is played by certain hormones 激素 released by the body The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend or befriend response is also based on a hormone This hormone called oxytocin oxytocin has been studied in the context of childbirth but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress The principal investigator Dr Shelley E Taylor explained that animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer more relaxed more social and less anxious While men also secrete 分泌 oxytocin its effects are reduced by male hormones In terms of everyday behavior the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed They may phone relatives or friends or ask directions if they are lost The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet For a typical 2 mother coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior The tend and befriend regulatory 调节的 system may protect women against stress and this may explain why women on average live longer than men 72 The UCLA study shows that in response to stress men are more likely than women to A turn to friends for help B solve a conflict calmly C find an escape from reality D seek comfort from children 73 Which of the following is true about oxytocinoxytocin according to the passage A Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do B Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women C Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin D Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men 74 What can be learned from the passage A Male hormones help build up the body s resistance to stress B In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does C Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress D The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings 75 Which of the following might be the best title of the passage A How men and women get over stress B How men and women suffer from stress C How researchers overcome stress problems D How researchers handle stress related disorders 要点综述 本文主要介绍男女对压力反应的区别和原因以及如何克服压力 72 C 细节理解题 根据第二段中 While men often react to stress in the fight or flight response 和 they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation flight 可判断男人更可能从现实中逃脱出来 73 D 细节理解题 根据第三段中 an important role is played by certain 3 hormones 激素 released by the body 和 While men also secrete 分泌 oxytocin its effects are reduced by male hormones 可判断 激素扮演重要角色 但是男人也分泌 oxytocin 但是影响打折扣 74 C 推理推断题 根据第五段中 The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work 推出在面对压力时 生理上的不同会导致行为的差异 所以选 C 75 A 主旨大意题 本文首先介绍男女对压力反应的区别和原因 然后谈男女如何克 服压力 结束 阅读理解 专题训练 说明文的阅读 1 方法点拨 说明文 即说明事物的文章 从内容上看 主要涉及科技 社会和文化生活等领域 它 以介绍科学实验研究成果 人文地理知识等社会生活中值得关注的变化为主 说明文有一定的说明顺序和说明方法 如空间顺序 时间顺序等 其大体的成篇布局是 1 总体叙述要说明的对象 文章主旨 细节说明 细节理解 概括评述 推理判断 2 事物现象或变化 文章主旨 细节或原因阐述 细节理解 引发的后果和相关启示 推论 活学活用 阅读下面短文 从所给的四个答案中选出最佳选项 2011 年广州高三英语调研测试 School phobia is a type of illness which causes students to be afraid to go to school This condition is most commonly seen in children typically between the ages of 8 13 and it can be very upsetting especially if it is allowed to progress Symptoms include stomach aches tiredness shaking a racing heart and frequent trips to the toilet This common phobia is associated with a wide variety of causes Most commonly it is the result of separation anxiety but it can also be caused by different kinds of stress A child who has recently moved suffered a loss or gone through 4 a divorce may develop school phobia and phobias can also develop in response to bullying 欺侮 an unrecognised learning disability and poor self image Understanding the cause of a school phobia is an important step in providing treatment A child with school phobia usually refuses to go to school or protests violently He or she may become physically ill when ordered to school or pretend to be sick to avoid going When the child arrives at school he or she may run away or develop behavioural problems in class and on the playground When school is discussed the child can become impatient upset or angry Many techniques can be used to manage school phobia but research suggests that much more effective treatment is required for school phobia to prevent problems developing in later life Children with this condition usually benefit from seeing a psychologist or doctor who can help the child and provide assistance to help parents and school officials support the child As soon as a school phobia is identified parents should take action too Like other phobias school phobia gets worse the longer it is left untreated and it can interfere with a child s success in school Adjustments can be made at home and in the classroom to help If bullying is a cause for example the bullying situation should be solved A teacher can meet the child at the door and take him or her to class and provide support so that the child feels a friendly adult is always available Changes at home can include supportive language from parents along with support like assistance with homework If a child lacks confidence parents may encourage the child to take up new hobbies that will help them to feel good about themselves Parents might also talk to their children about their own fears of school and how they got over them and their own enjoyment of school and school like activities By following these methods we can help children to dispel their school phobia 以约 30 词概括文章大意 根据所读短文 选择最佳选项 5 1 Which of the following topics is NOT discussed in the passage A The definition of school phobia B The history of school phobia C The causes of school phobia D The effects of school phobia 2 What is a useful treatment for school phobia according to the passage A Parents should allow their children occasional days off B Teachers should be stricter with students C Children should be helped to develop a sense of achievement D Children should be regularly sent to psychologist 3 The underlined word dispel the last paragraph probably means A accept B realize C forget D overcome 4 Which of the following statement might the author agree with A School phobia is most often suffered by middle school students B School phobia may have bad influence on children s future life if neglected C Children with school phobia should not be given medical treatment D Most children with school phobia are pretending to be ill 5 What are some of the reasons for school phobia mentioned in the passage A Bullying recent devoice and moving to a new area B Learning disability impatience and poor concentration C Stomachache poor school performance and aggressive teachers D Shaking lack of confidence and few friends 参考答案 The passage introduces the causes and bad influences of school phobia which luckily can also be managed and treated by taking some technical measures with the help of parents 29 words 1 解析 事实细节题 全文没有提到恐学症的过去有什么症状 6 答案 B 2 C 3 解析 词义猜测题 综观全文可知 作者提出了帮助孩子 克服恐学症 的几个建 议 答案 D 4 解析 从 Like other phobias school phobia gets worse the longer it is left untreated and it can interfere with a child s success in school 可推知答案 答案 B 5 A 结束 完形填空 Words 393 难度系数 建议用时 15 分钟 2012 北京东城区期末检测 In my dual 双重的 profession 1 an educator and health care provider I have worked with many children infected with HIV They have taught me so many things but I have especially learned that great 2 can be found in the smallest individuals Let me tell you about Tyler Tyler was 3 infected with HIV his mother was also infected From the very beginning of his life he was dependent on medications to 4 him to survive When he was five he had a tube inserted in a vein 静脉 in his chest At times he also needed extra oxygen to support his 5 Tyler wasn t 6 to give up one single moment of his childhood to this deadly disease It was not 7 to find him playing and racing around his backyard wearing his medicineloaded backpack and 8 his tank of oxygen behind him in his little wagon 小手推车 All of us who knew Tyler were impressed by his pure 9 in being alive and the energy it gave him Tyler s mom often 10 him by telling him that he moved so 11 she needed to dress him in red That way when she peered through the window to check on him playing in the yard she could quickly 12 him This deadly disease eventually 13 down Tyler He grew quite ill and unfortunately 14 did his HIV infected mother When it became 15 that he wasn t going to survive Tyler s mom talked to him about 16 She comforted him by telling Tyler that she was dying too and that she would be 7 with him soon in heaven A few days before his death Tyler 17 to me to come to his hospital bed and 18 I might die soon I m not 19 When I die please dress me in 20 Mom promised she s coming to heaven too I ll be playing when she gets there and I want to make sure she can find me 解题导语 病魔固然可怕 可是如何去勇敢地面对它 这是一个经常被人们讨论的话题 本文一个身患绝症的小男孩对待它的乐观态度一定能给大家以启迪 1 A in B for C as D on 解析 选 C 由第一空后面的 an educator and health care provider 可知 前面缺少表示 作为 的介词来连接后面的双重职业身份 选项中 as 后面接表身份或职业的名词 2 A pleasure B pain C sorrow D courage 解析 选 D 从下文可知 我 特别了解到了 Tyler 这个弱小的家伙身上有着巨大的勇气 courage 勇气 pleasure 快乐 sorrow 悲伤 pain 痛苦 都不符合语意 3 A seriously B born C unluckily D disappointingly 解析 选 B be born infected with HIV 表示 天生 出生时携带 HIV 从后半句 his mother was also infected 和后一句可以推知答案选 B 项 4 A cause B enable C make D lead 解析 选 B 从上文提示可知 他依赖药物治疗 这能使他活下去 enable 使能够 cause 引起 make 使得 应该用 make sb do sth 结构 lead 导致 应该用 lead to sth 5 A breathing B living C running D walking 解析 选 A 从该句中的 oxygen 可知 他需要额外的氧气来支撑他的呼吸 其他选项不符合 语境 6 A happy B willing C daring D discouraged 解析 选 B 根据下文语境可知 Tyler 不愿意放弃他童年的快乐时间 此处语意表示他的 心理状态 故用 be not willing 不乐意 不愿意 7 A common B unusual C surprised D ordinary 8 解析 选 B 所以我们经常可以看到 Tyler 背着装满药物的背包 后面小车中拖着氧气瓶 在后院玩耍 跑步 8 A dragging B carrying C pushing D taking 解析 选 A 从常识可知 车在后面 应该是拖着 而不是 carry 携带 drag 拖着 push 推 take 带走 9 A character B joy C moment D