高三英语第一轮复习：名词性从句（三）冀教版 知识精讲

用心 爱心 专心 高三英语第一轮复习 名词性从句 三 冀教版高三英语第一轮复习 名词性从句 三 冀教版 本讲教育信息本讲教育信息 一 教学内容 名词性从句 三 宾语从句宾语从句 难点 1 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语 则用 it 作形式宾语 而将宾语从句后置 如 We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday 我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的 He has made it clear that he will not give in 他已表明他不会屈服 2 作介词的宾语 连词 that 引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语 只用在 except but in 后 其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词 that 引导 则需用 it 作形式宾语 如 He is a good student except that he is careless 他是一个好学生 只是有点粗心 You may rely on it that I shall help you 你可以指望我会帮助你的 介词宾语不可以用 which 来引导 而要用 what 来引导 如 Are you sorry for what you ve done 你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗 3 某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句 这类形容词或过去分词有 sure glad certain pleased happy afraid surprised satisfied 等 连词 that 可省略 如 I am not sure what I ought to do 我不能确定我该做什么 I m afraid you don t understand what I said 恐怕你没领会我说的意思 I m surprised that I didn t see all that before 我好奇怪 我以前没看到过 Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams 妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴 4 连词 whether or not 或 if 引导的宾语从句 if 和 whether 引导的宾语从句可以互换使用 但 whether 常和 or not 连用 if 一般不与 or not 连用 如 I wonder whether it is true or not 我不知它是真是假 用 if 引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义 应避免使用 if 而用 whether 试比较 Please let me know if you want to go Please let me know whether you want to go if 从句可理解为宾语从句 意为 请告诉我你是否想去 此句又可理解为条件状语从 句 意为 如果你想去的话 请告诉我一声 5 宾语从句的否定转移 在 think believe suppose expect 等动词后的宾语从句 有时谓 语尽管是否定意思 却不用否定形式 而将 think 等动词变为否定形式 如 I don t think you are right 我认为你错了 I don t believe they have finished their work yet 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作 I don t suppose he cares does he 我想他不在意 是吗 6 宾语从句的时态变化规律 1 当主句是一般现在时态时 从句可根据需要用任何时态 用心 爱心 专心 2 当主句是一般过去时态时 从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态 但客观真理除外 如 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun 老师说地球绕着太阳运行 同位语从句同位语从句 基本概念 1 定义 用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句 2 用法 同位语从句的先行词多为 fact news idea thought question reply report remark 等 关联词多用从属连词 that 如 They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick 对你生病这件事 他们都很焦虑 Where did you get the idea that I could not come 你在哪儿听说我不能来 Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia 德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了 注 同位语从句偶尔由从属连词 whether 引导 如 I have no idea whether he ll come or not 我不知道他是否来 连接代词 who which what 和连接副词 where when why how 亦可引导同位语从 句 The question who should do the work requires consideration 谁该干这项工作 这个问题需要考虑 We haven t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation 到哪儿去度暑假 这个问题我们还没有决定 It is a question how he did it 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题 难点 1 that 引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别 We expressed the hope that they had expressed 我们表达了他们曾经表达过的那种希望 定语从句 We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again 我们表示希望他们再来中国访问 同位语从句 从语法角度上看 引导同位语从句的 that 是连词 只起连接作用 在从句中不作任 何句子成分 而引导定语从句的 that 是关系代词 除起连接作用外 还在从句中作主语或宾 语等句子成分 从语义角度上看 同位语从句与前面的名词 hope 是同位关系 表示 hope 的内容是 they would come to visit China again 因而同位语从句是名词性的 其功能是对名词作补充 说明 而定语从句与它前面的名词是所属关系 表示 的 他们曾经表示过的 起修饰 作用 因此定语从句是形容词性的 其功能是修饰先行词 一般来说 我们可以将同位语从 句改写成 主语 be 表语 结构 The hope was that they would come to visit China again 同位语从句的连词 that 不能省略 而定语从句的关系代词 that 当其在从句中作宾 语时 可省略 作主语时不可省略 I ve heard the news that he visited our factory 用心 爱心 专心 I ve heard the news that he told you the other day The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical The news that Mr Li will be our new English teacher is true 同位语从句 that 不可省 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的 The news that he told me yesterday is true 定语从句 that 在从句中作 told 的宾语 可省 他昨天告诉我的消息是真的 2 引导定语从句的 when where why 是关系副词 在其前面分别有表示时间 地点 原 因或方式意义的名词作先行词 I will never forget the day when I joined the League 我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天 The factory where I once worked has changed a lot 我曾经工作过的那家工厂发生了巨大的变化 That s the reason why she didn t come to the meeting 这就是她为什么没有到会的原因 当 when why where 引导同位语从句时 它们为连接副词 虽然它们在从句中充当句子 成分 但前面却没有与其意义相当的先行词 I have no idea when he will be back 我不知道他什么时候回来 The problem where we got the machine needed has already been solved 我们到哪里去弄所需机器的问题已经解决了 He has solved the question why he was ill 他已经解决了他为什么生病这个问题 3 一些表示 建议 命令 要求 的名词后所跟的同位语从句中 谓语动词用虚拟语气 should 动词原形表示 should 可省 如 This is our only request that this should be settled as soon as possible 这就是我们唯一的请求 尽快解决这个问题 模拟试题模拟试题 答题时间 40 分钟 1 Are you still thinking about yesterday s game Oh that s A what makes me feel excited B whatever I feel excited about C how I feel about it D when I feel excited 2 Eat cake you like and leave the others for comes in late A any who B every whoever C whichever whoever D either whoever 3 There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars road condition need A that to be improved B which to be improved C where improving D when improving 4 It is pretty well understood controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today 2003 上海 A that B when C what D how 用心 爱心 专心 5 I think it s going to be a big problem Yes it could be I wonder we do about it 2002 上海春 A if B how C what D that 6 You should make it a rule to leave things you can find them often 1999NMET A when B where C then D there 7 A computer can only do you have instructed it to do 2001NMET A how B after C what D when 8 You are saying that everyone should be equal and this is I disagree 2004 NMET A why B where C what D how 9 I like in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright 2004 NMET A this B that C it D one 10 The road is covered with snow I can t understand they insist on going by motor bike 2004NMET A Why B whether C when D how 11 We can t figure out quite a number of insects birds and animals are dying out 2004 北京 A that B as C why D when 12 After Yang Liwei succeeded circling the earth our astronauts to do is walk in space 2004 上海 A where B what C that D how 13 A story goes Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court 2004 上海 A when B where C what D that 14 He has given us a suggestion we should buy a cottage in the country with the money we have saved A when B where C what D that 15 After five hours drive they reached they thought was the place they d been dreaming of A that B where C which D what 16 It is no longer a question now man can land on the moon A that B which C whether D what 17 She is pleased with you have given him and all that you have told him A that B what C