高二英语Unit 4 Sharing人教实验版知识精讲

高二英语高二英语 Unit 4 Sharing 人教实验版人教实验版 本讲教育信息本讲教育信息 一 教学内容 Unit 4 Sharing 二 教学目标 掌握本单元的重点单词 短语与语法 三 教学重点 掌握本单元的语法 定语从句的用法 I Important words 1 adjust v 调整 使适合 adj adjustable n adjustment 例句 He adjusted himself very quickly to the heat of the country 他使自己很快适应了这个国家炎热的气候 You can adjust the colour on the TV by turning this knob 你可以转动这个旋钮来调整电视的色彩 活学活用 While crossing the street you must your riding speed A just B adjust C be adjusted D adjusting 2 participate v 参与 参加 n participation 参加 participant 参与者 例句 He didn t participate in the game as a result of his illness 他因病没有参加比赛 活学活用 翻译 1 希望全班同学参加这些讨论 Answer Everyone in the class is expected to participate in these discussions 2 We want to encourage the students the teaching A to participate in B participate in C participating D participate to 比较 比较 participate take part in attend join 这几个词语都有参加的意思 但含义不同 attend 出席 到场 上 课 指去听 去看 但自己并不一定起积极作用 participate 指在感情 观念或行为方面与他人共同参加某一活动 常与介词 in 连用 join 既可指参加一群人的活动 也可以指加入某个组织 常见搭配为 join the army club Party join sb join sb in doing sth 表示参加某一活动时常用 join in sth 如 join in a game discussion conversation take part in 指参加某一活动并发挥作用 活学活用 1 He yesterday s lecture and found it interesting 2 She with them in sufferings 3 The teacher us in the experiment 4 Thousands of workers the strike 5 Did you the meeting last week Answers 1 attended 2 participated 3 joined 4 took part in 5 attend 3 operate v 工作 运转 操作 n operation 1 开刀 施行手术 The doctors operated on her stomach 医生给她的胃动了手术 2 实行 活动 That business operates in several countries 那家商行在几个国家有业务活动 3 起作用 生效 The new drug began to operate not long after it is taken 这种新药服用后不久就会开始见效 4 操作 工作 to operate a machine 开机器 to operate a factory 开工厂 The workers have been told to improve their operating level 已告诉工人要提高操作水平 联想记忆 operate on sb for some disease 对 施行手术 operate on one s mind 在思想上产生影响 operate a business 经营一家企业 活学活用 同义句型转换 The operation of the computer is not difficult Answer It is not difficult to operate the computer 4 otherwise adv 1 不同地 We were going to play football but it was so hot that we decided to do otherwise 我们原打算踢足球 可是天很热 我们就决定干别的了 2 在 其他方面 He is noisy but otherwise a nice boy 他爱吵闹 但在其他方面倒是一个好孩子 conj 在不同情况下 否则 I ve got one more page to write otherwise I ve finished 我又多写了一页 不然的话已经完成了 联想记忆 and otherwise 等等 or otherwise 或相反 act otherwise than one says 言行不一 活学活用 1 这个房子的租金是高点 但其它方面还是挺舒服的 2 有些人贤明 有些人则不然 Answers 1 The rent of this house is high but otherwise it is comfortable 2 Some are wise some are otherwise 5 donate v 捐赠 n donation 例句 The businessman donated a lot of money to the hospital 这个商人捐给医院很多钱 He donated 100000 yuan to the Hope Project for those who cannot afford their education 他把 100000 元捐献给了希望工程 供上不起学的孩子用 联想记忆 make a donation to 向 捐助 a general donation 慷慨捐助 活学活用 All blood must be tested for HIV and other in fictions A donate B donation C donated D to donate 6 arrange v 1 排列 整理 In a dictionary the words are arranged in alphabetical order 词典里的词是按字母顺序编排的 2 安排 准备 We have arranged a party 我们准备了一个晚会 A special show was arranged to admit free the family members of the miners 安排了一个专场来免费招待矿工家属 3 商定 We had been trying every possible means to arrange a peace but failed 我们想尽办法试图达成和解 但没有成功 联想记忆 arrange for a taxi 安排计程车 Important phrases 1 hear from 接到 的来信 例句 All of family jumped with joy when he heard from Shandong University 区别 hear hear of hear about 和 hear from hear 听见 常用于 hear sb doing do sth 或 hear that 从句表示 听人说起 hear of sb sth 听人说起过某人 事 知道有这样一个人 一件事 例如 I ve never heard of anyone doing that hear about 听到 关于 例如 hear about the football game 听到足球赛的事情 hear from 收到 的来信 电话或信息 hear about 听说详细情况 比 hear of 内容具体一些 活学活用 I have never heard the place A of B about C from D out 2 come across 偶然遇到或发现 碰见 例句 Yesterday I was wondering along the street when I came across an old friend 联想记忆 come about 发生 come along come on 进展 健康好转 come away 离开 come and go 来回 往来 交通 come alive 活跃起来 觉悟起来 看起来像真的一样 come at 袭击 达到 得到 到达 攻击 come from 来自 出生于 来自 出身于 come to an end 结束 终止 活学活用 She an golden ring when she searched her old box for a letter A came about B came alive C came across D came with 3 stick out 伸出 坚持 例句 She didn t like the course but she stuck it out to get the certificate 联想记忆 stick around 逗留 等待 stick by 维持 支持 stick out for 坚持索要 stick up for 驳斥 保护 stick in one s throat 难以接受 难以启齿 4 in need 在困难中 在危急中 例句 This group aims to provide assistance to people in need 联想记忆 in need of 需要某物 have no more need of 不再需要 to meet one s special needs 满足某人的特殊需要 need not have done sth 没有必要做某事 实际上做了 5 be dying to do sth 极想做 例句 All of them are dying to see the movie 联想记忆 be dying for sth 极想得到 die away 逐渐消失 die down 逐渐减弱 die off 相继去世 die out 完全灭绝 活学活用 6 hope for 渴望 例句 We are hope for good weather on Sunday 联想记忆 常用答语 I hope not 但愿不会 I hope so 但愿这样 beyond of hope 毫无希望 in the hope of 抱 希望 It is hoped that 希望 活学活用 The villagers rain after a month s dry weather A hoped B was hoped C hoped for D hoped so Other phrases 1 dry out 变干 干透 2 It s up to sb 由 负责 3 adapt to 适应新环境 4 in the night 在夜间 5 care for 关心 在乎 6 benefit from 从 中获益 7 add to 增加 8 for a second time 再一次 Grammar 定语从句定语从句 定语从句 Attributive Clauses 在句中做定语 修饰一个名词或代词 被修饰的名词 词组或代词即先行词 定语从句通常出现在先行词之后 由关系词 关系代词或关系副词 引出 关系代词有 who whom whose that which 等 关系副词有 when where why 等 1 由 who whom whose 引导的定语从句 这类定语从句中 who 用作主语 whom 作宾 语 whose 作定语指人 例如 This is the man who helped me 这位是帮过我的那个人 The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room 你找的那位大夫在屋里 Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu 你认识那个叫王宇的人吗 2 which 引导的定语从句 这类从句只能指物 which 在从句中作主语或谓语动词或介词的宾语 例如 This is the book which you want 这就是你要的那本书 The building which stands near the river is our school 河边的那栋楼就是我们学校 The room in which there is a machine is a workshop 有机器的房间是车间 1 whom whose which 作介词宾语时 介词一般可放在它们之前 也可放在从句 原来的位置上 在含有介词的动词固定词组中 介词只能放在原来的位置上 例如 This is the person whom you are looking for 这位就是你在找的那个人 2 引导非限定性定语从句时 关系代词往往用 which 不用 that 例如 I have lost my book which I like very much 我的书丢了 我非常喜欢那本书 3 由 that 引导的定语从句 that 在定语从句中可以指人或物 在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语 但不能放在介 词后面作介词宾语 例如 The letter that I received was from my father 我收到的那封信是我父亲写给我的 在下面几种情况下必须用 that 引导定语从句 1 先行词是不定代词 all few little much something nothing anything 等 例如 All that we have to do is to practice every Day 我们要做的就是每天练习 2 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰 例如 The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten 我所学的第一课永远也忘不了 3 先行词被 all any every each few little no some 等修饰 例如 I have read all the books that you gave me 你给我的书我全读完了 4 先行词被 the only the very the last 修饰时 例如 He is the only person that I want to talk to 他是惟一的我想跟他说话的人 5 先行词既有人又有物时 例如 They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school 他们谈论着他们能 记起的那些在学校的人和事 4 由由 when where why 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 I know the reason why he came late 我知道他为什么来晚了 This is the place where we lived for 5 years 这就是我住过五年的地方 I will never forget the day when I met Mr Liu 我永远也忘不了遇到刘先生的那天 先行词是表示地点时 有时用 where 有时用 that which 引导定语从句 这时要看 从句的谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词 如果是及物动词就用 that which 否则用 where 例如 This is the house where he lived last year 这就是我去年住的房子 This is the house that which he visited last year 这就是我去年去过的房子 5 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 1 限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分 主句和从句之间不用逗号分开 引 导限定性定语从句的关系代词有 who whom that whose which of which 等 参见上 面的例句 2 非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明 没有从句不影响主句意思的完整 一般用逗号把主句和从句分开 通常不用关系代词 that 例如 I have two sisters who are both students I have lost the pen which I like very much 6 as 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 1 as 用作关系代词和关系副词引导限定性定语从句 并在从句中作定语 表语或 状语 构成 the same as such as 等结构 例如 I like the same book as you do as 作宾语 I shall do it in the same way as you did as 作状语 I want to have such a dictionary as he has as 作宾语 2 as 引导非限定性定语从句 as 在定语从句中作主语 表语或宾语 这个定语从 句是说明整个句子 它可以放在主句之前 例如 As we all know he studies very hard as 作宾语 As is known to all he is the best student in our class as 作主语 3 常用的这种类似插入语的句式有 as is said above as is known to all as it is 等 模拟试题模拟试题 1 The car ran into a crowd of middle school students to hospital immediately A two of whom sent B two of them sent C two of whom are sent D two of them sending 2 He reached London in 1996 some time later he became a famous actor A where B when C which D that 3 Is that the small town you often refer to Right just the one you know I used to work for years A that B which C where D what 4 I have many friends some are businessmen A of them B from which C who of D of whom 5 Mr Green will come to the party on Sunday he promised to every one of us A when B that C where D which 6 She heard a terrible noise brought her hear