高中英语 Module 6《War and Peace-Grammar》学案1 外研版选修6

用心 爱心 专心 1 定语从句重 难点易错档案定语从句重 难点易错档案 一 语意重复 定语从句的引导词在从句中都要充当一定的成分 所以从句里相应的句子成 分不能再保留 否则就犯了语意重复的错误 如 The main topic people are often talking about at present is personal cars The main topic 是先行词 关系代词 that 或 which 在从句中作宾语 被省略了 所以做宾 语的替代词 it 不能再出现了 二 分裂现象 如无特殊原因 定语从句应紧跟在先行词之后 如 Everything that has weight and occupies space is called matter 初学者很容易将此意表达成 Everything is called matter that has weight and occupies space 这就是人为地造成的分裂现象 但是有时定语从句和先行词之间需要插入 定语 状语或谓语时则另当别论 如 There is an expression in his eyes that I cannot understand 先行词与定语从句之间 被 in his eyes 隔开了 三 主 谓不一致 当关系代词在从句中作主语时 从句的谓语动词应该和先行词的数与格 保持一致 否则就是犯了主 谓不一致的错误 如 God bless this ship and all that sail in her Bible 本例先行词 all 指的是 所有的人 所以定语从句的谓语不能用 sails 四 关系代词 that who 直接置于介词后 关系代词前有介词时 关系代词必须用 which 指物 或 whom 指人 而且不能省略 如果把介词放到句子的后部去 这时关系 代词可用 that 或 who 也可以把它们省略 如 The cost at which we produce the cars has been greatly reduced 由于关系代词直接置于介词 at 之后 所以只能用 which 而且不能省略 五 关系代词作定语时的误用 不管先行词是指人还是物 关系代词在从句中作定语时 都 必须用 whose 但指物时 还可以用 the 名词 of which 或 which of its 名词 的形式表示 如 This is a new digital control machine tool whose functions are very advanced 本例中的 whose functions 还可以用 which of its functions 或者 the functions of which 替换 用心 爱心 专心 2 六 关系代词 that 的误用 先行词是以下某种情形时 必须用 that 引导定语从句 1 被形容词最高级或序数词修饰 2 被 every only any just right no 等词修饰 3 是 all few little much none some 以及 anything everything nothing something 不受此限制 等不定代词 4 同时为人和物 5 为疑问代词时 如 Everything that appears on the Internet is very appealing 初学者由于记得不牢 此时常常误用 which 引导 七 非限制性定语从句误用 that 作引导词 引导非限制性定语从句时 不能用 that 必须 用 which 此外可以引导非限制性定语从句的还有 who whom where when as 等关系代词 或关系副词 而且不能省略 如 The Italian team defeated the German team which some people had expected 此时还可以将 which 换成 as 意思是 正如有的人已经预料到的一样 八 as 和 which 的误用 非限制性从句前置于句首时 不能用 which 而要用 as 来引导 如 As is well known to us all life can t exist without air or water 但是如果从句后置 则两者皆可以 只是意思略有区别 as 译作 正如 which 译作 这 一点 等 如果定语从句是否定形式或从句谓语带有复合宾语时 则只能用 which 引导 如 The Brazilian team was defeated by the French team which we hadn t expected 九 the same that 和 the same as 的误用 注意两者的区别 the same that 指 同一人 物 而 the same as 指 同一类人 物 如 The people in many other Asian countries have the same custom as we Chinese have 根据例句的含义 可知这里只能用关系代词 as 不能用 that 因为表达的意思是 相似 十 关系副词与关系代词的误用 如果引导词在从句中作状语应用关系副词引导 如果引导 词在从句中作主语 宾语 表语时应用关系代词引导 如 Hawaii is a beautiful place which that all the people look forward to visiting 定语从句中的 visiting 是一个及物动词 必须带宾语 所以不能用 where 作引导词 而应 用 which 或 that 引导 且可以省略 如果将 visiting 改成 going 则应该用 where 引导 用心 爱心 专心 3 走出时间 条件 让步状语从句八大误区走出时间 条件 让步状语从句八大误区 误区之一 混淆 while 与 when 误 She was on the point of leaving while someone knocked at the door 正 She was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door 析 while 意为 当 时候 从句需用持续性动词或状态性动词 而 when 引导时间状 语从句中的动词既可以是持续性动词也可是非持续性动词 误区之二 错用 till until 误 Until Till yesterday evening I received her e mail from Shanghai 正 I didn t receive her e mail from Shanghai until yesterday evening 析 当 until till 从句与肯定的主句连用时 主句谓语动词必须是持续性动词 而不 可是非持续性动词 误区之三 省略不当 误 While was walking down the street I noticed a police car in front of number 88 正 While walking down the street I noticed a police car in front of number 88 析 时间 条件 让步等状语从句中 如果从句主语与主句主语一致或是 it 且从句中 含有动词 be 的某种形式 从句主语和 be 可以同时省略 误区之四 倒装语序误用 误 Not until the early years of the 19th century man did know what heat is 正 Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is 析 Not until 位于句首时 主句谓语采用倒装语序 误区之五 从句时态错用 误 I won t know where she is until I will get a letter from her 正 I won t know where she is until I get a letter from her 析 在时间或条件等状语从句中 用现在时表示将来时 误区之六 错用 however 误 However he is late Mother will wait for him to have dinner together 用心 爱心 专心 4 正 However late he is Mother will wait for him to have dinner together 析 however 需和它修饰的词一起放在从句前引导状语从句 误区之七 混用 though 与 although 误 Much although he likes her he does get annoyed with her sometimes 正 Much though he likes her he does get annoyed with her sometimes 析 though 与 although 通常可以互用 但只有 though 可用于倒装句中 且 though 可 和 even 连用 表示强调 此外 though 可放在句末 意为 然而 although 则不能这样 用 误区之八 混淆疑问词 ever 与 no matter 疑问词 误 It is generally considered unwise to give a child no matter what he or she wants 正 It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants 析 no matter 疑问词 在句中只能引导状语从句 疑问词 ever 在句中既可 引导状语从句 也可引导名词性从句 考点精练 考例回顾 1 The question is what can we do to help them in their struggle for survival 考点 struggle 可以用作动词 常与介词 for with against 等连用 也可以用作名词 表示 挣扎 拼搏 努力 斗争等 考例 I realized strength and courage aren t always measured in medals and victories but in the we overcome 2004 天津卷 A sadnessB struggles C diseasesD tiredness 简析 根据上下文 这句话的含义应该为 我意识到力量和勇气并不总是用奖牌和胜利 来衡量的 而是用我们战胜 克服 对手 困难或自我 过程中所付出的拼搏 努力来衡 量的 因此选择 B 2 There are only about three hundred of these North American mammals left none of which are in the wild 考点 这里 表示数量或部分的名词或代词 of which whom 引导一个非限制性定语 用心 爱心 专心 5 从句 先行词指事物用 of which 先行词指人用 of whom 说明先行词的一部分情况 表示 数量或部分的名词或代词 如基数词 分数 百分数 all both some any many much most majority minority part rest none 等 既可以放在 of which whom 的前面 也可以放在 of which whom 的后面 考例 The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year 80 are sold abroad 2004 辽宁卷 A of whichB which of C of themD of that 简析 分析句子结构 前后两句话用逗号隔开 应该为主从句关系 由此判断后面是一 个非限定性定语从句 由于关系代词前面有介词 因此只能选 A 项 80 of which are sold abroad 修饰先行词 half a million pairs of shoes 说明其部分情况 3 The WWF believes that our world has a future only if people learn to conserve nature and not waste energy As a result it started working with governments to introduce environmental education into school 考点 句子中 As a result 表示 因此 结果 相当于副词 Therefore 或 Thus 的含义 和作用 还可以用于介词短语 as a result of 中表示 由于 的结果 考例 My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape at the point in our