高中英语 语法讲解之—虚拟语气练习 新人教版必修3

1 虚拟语气 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实 而是说话人的主虚拟语气 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实 而是说话人的主 观愿望 假设或推测等 观愿望 假设或推测等 If I were a bird I could fly in the air 如果我是一只小鸟 我就能在空中 飞行 I wish I could pass the examination 我希望我能通过考试 May you succeed 祝您成功 I I 状语从句中的虚拟语气 状语从句中的虚拟语气 一 虚拟语气在一 虚拟语气在 ifif 引导的条件句中的用法引导的条件句中的用法 1 1 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 其句子结构为 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 其句子结构为 从句 If 主语 动词的过去式 be 用 were 主句 主语 would should could might 动词原形 If I were you I would go with him If the weather were fine I would go there If it weren t snowing we wouldn t stay in the house If it weren t for your help we would get into trouble If they were here he would be speaking to them now 2 2 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 其句子结构为 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 其句子结构为 从句 If 主语 had 动词的过去分词 主句 主语 would should could might have 动词的过去分词 If you had taken my advice you would not have made such a mistake 如果你听了我的劝告 就不会犯这样的错误 If it hadn t been for your help I shouldn t have finished this work on time 要是没有你们的帮忙 我就不会按时完成了这项工作 事实上你们帮助了我 If I had been your headmaster I should have dismissed you from school 我要是你们校长的话 就把你开除学籍了 事实上我不是 If they had been here he would have been speaking to them 3 3 表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句 其句子结构为 表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句 其句子结构为 从句 If 主语 should were to 动词原形 动词的过去式 主句 主语 would could should might 动词原形 If I were to work at this problem I would do it in another way 要是我来解这道难题 我会用另外一种方法的 If it should rain tomorrow I would stay at home 如果明天下雨的话 我将待在家里 If he came tomorrow I would do it with him 如果明天他来的话 我将和他一起做此事 If she shouldshould come to see you tell her to wait for me 2 If you shouldshould meet Jane give her my regards 4 4 混合条件句混合条件句 主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气 有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作 发生的时间不一致 这时动作的形式应根据它所 表示的时间加以调整 If we hadn thadn t mademade adequate preparations we shouldn tshouldn t daredare to do the experiment next week If we shouldn tshouldn t havehave an exam this afternoon I wouldwould gogo shopping now If they hadhad staredstared t the early morning yesterday they wouldwould bebe here now If I werewere you I wouldwould havehave gonegone to her birthday party If you hadn thadn t lentlent me some money I couldn tcouldn t havehave boughtbought the new house and most likely I wouldwould bebe still living in the dangerous house now 5 5 含蓄条件句含蓄条件句 有时虚拟条件句并没来用 if 从句表示出来 而是用介词短语 otherwise or without but for 上下文或其它方式来表示 这种句子叫做含蓄条件句 含蓄条件句大体有三种 情况 条件暗含在短语中条件暗含在短语中 What would I have done withoutwithout youyou It would be easier to do it thisthis way way We didn t know his telephone number otherwiseotherwise we would have telephoned him This same thing happeninghappening inin wartime wartime would lead to a disaster ButBut forfor your help we couldn t have succeeded in the experiment We could have done better underunder moremore favorablefavorable conditions conditions 假设我们有更有利条件 我们还会做得更好 I didn t know that he was a liar oror elseelse I wouldn t have believed him 条件暗含在上下文中条件暗含在上下文中 You might stay her forever 你可以永远待在这儿 可能暗含 if you wanted to We would have succeeded 我们本来是会成功的 可能暗含 if we had kept trying Your reputation would be ruined 你的名誉会败坏的 可能暗含 if you should accept the gift I would appreciate a little of your time 谢谢你给我一点时间 可能暗含 if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time 在不少情况下 虚拟式已变成习惯说法 很难找出其暗含的条件 I would like to come 我愿意来 I wouldn t have dreamed of it 这是我做梦也不会想到的 6 6 条件从句中省略条件从句中省略 ifif 采用倒装语序的情况采用倒装语序的情况 在 if 引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中 有时可以把虚拟条件句中的连词 if 省去 而 将 had should were 等助动词提到主语之前 即用倒装结构 3 原句 If she were younger she would do it 去 If Were she younger she would do it 原句 If he had tried it he could have done it 去 If Had he tried it he could have done it Had I seen the film I would have discussed it with them last night 假如我看了那部电影 昨晚我就可以和他们一起讨论了 Were I a bird I could fly freely 假如我是一只小鸟 我就能自由翱翔 Should it rain next week the farmers would have a good harvest 要是下周能下雨的话 农民们就能有个好收成了 二 虚拟语气在二 虚拟语气在 asas ifif asas thoughthough 引导的方式状语从句中引导的方式状语从句中 1 表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑 谓语动词用过去式 He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened 他感到仿佛唯独他要对发生的一切负责 He acts as if he were was a TV expert 他做起事来好像是个电视专家 Alan talked about Rome as if he were a Roman 艾伦谈起罗马来好像他是个罗马人一 样 He pretends as if he didn t know the thing at all but in fact he knows it very well 他假装好像完全不懂那事 其实他对那事非常了解 2 表示与过去事实相反 谓语动词用过去完成式 如 The tree looked as if it hadn t been watered for a long time 那棵树看上去好像很久没人给浇水了 The old man looked at the picture he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago 那老人看着照片 他觉得仿佛回到 20 年前的时光 3 表示与将来事实相反 They talked and talked as if they would never meet again 他们谈了又谈 仿佛他们不会再相见的样子 注意注意 1 在 as if as though 句中 如果有可能成为事实 用陈述语气 He looks as if he is going to be ill 2 as though 或 as if 引导的状语从句 从句主语和主句主语相同时 从句中可省略主 语和部分谓语 She paused as if toto letlet the painful memories pass 省略 she wanted From time to time Jason turned round as though searchingsearching for someone 省略 he were The boy started as if awakenedawakened from some dream 省略 he were 三 虚拟语气用在三 虚拟语气用在 lestlest forfor fearfear thatthat soso thatthat 及及 inin orderorder thatthat 引导的目的状语从引导的目的状语从 4 句中句中 表示 以防 以免 等意思 其谓语动词多由 should could might 动词原形构成 He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again 他被处以惩罚以免 他再犯 He reminded her twice of it lest she should forget I will not make a noise for fear that I should might disturb you I did this so that I might have a couple of weeks to prepare my paper 四 由四 由 providing providing that that providedprovided that on that on conditioncondition that that suppose that suppose that supposingsupposing that that 引导的条件从句 根据情况 可用虚拟语气 引导的条件从句 根据情况 可用虚拟语气 Suppose Supposing that it rained we shouldn t go out 有时也可用陈述语气 They are willing to surrender provided they are given free pardon You can borrow my car providing you get it back to me before 11 o clock 5 5 In In case case 引导的从句中既可以用陈述句 也可以用虚拟语气 引导的从句中既可以用陈述句 也可以用虚拟语气 shouldshould 动词原动词原 形形 The game will be put off in case it should snow The game will be put off in case it snows IIIIII 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 一 宾语从句中的虚拟语气一 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1 在动词在动词 wishwish 后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 对现在情况的虚拟 从句谓语动词用过去式或过去进行式 I wish that I knew the answer to the question I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around When she was at the party she wished she were at home 对过去情况的虚拟 从句谓语动词用过去完成时 或 would could might 现在完成时 I wish I hadn t wasted so much time He wishes he hadn t lost the chance I wish I could have slept longer this morning but I had to get up and come to class 对将来情况的虚拟 从句谓语 would should could might 动词原形 I wish it would stop raining You wished she would arrive the next day I wish she would change her mind 2 2 在表示建议 命令 要求 忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议 命令 要求 忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 均以均以 should should 动词原形动词原形 表示这种语气 表示这种语气 should should 常被省略 常用的此类动词有 常被省略 常用的此类动词有 表示 提议 劝告 建议 的 propose suggest recommend advise 表示 要求 的 ask desire request demand require beg 表示 同意 坚持 的 insist 5 表示 决定 命令 的 decide order The doctor suggested that he should try to lose his weight He insisted that we should tell him the news The workers demand that their wages should be raised by 10 percent It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios not to play after 11 o clock at night 注意 注意 suggest insist 不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时 即它们用于其本意暗示 表明 坚 持认为时 宾语从句用陈述语气 He insisted that he was not involved in the case All these facts suggest that he is not guilty 3 3 在在 expect expect believe believe think think suspectsuspect 等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚 拟语气拟语气 经常用经常用 should should 动词原形 动词原形 或完成形式或完成形式 表示惊奇 怀疑 不满等情绪 表示惊奇 怀疑 不满等情绪 I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier 我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士 He just couldn t believe that his hometown should have gone through such great changes 4 4 wouldwould ratherrather hadhad ratherrather 后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来相反 用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反 表示 宁愿做什么 或 对过去做的事的懊悔 I would rather he came tomorrow than today John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening To be frank I d rather you were not involved in the case I d rather you didn t make any comment on the issue for the time being 我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见 注意注意 若某人愿自己做某事 would rather 后用动词原形 I would rather stay at home today I d rather not have told her the news She is such a gossip would rather than 中用动词原形 I would rather stay at home than go out today I would rather die than surrender 二 主语从句中的虚拟语气二 主语从句中的虚拟语气 1 1 It It isis was was 形容词 或过去分词 形容词 或过去分词 that that 结构中的虚拟语气结构中的虚拟语气 表达形式为 表达形式为 shouldshould 动词原形或省略 动词原形或省略 shouldshould 常用的形容词 natural appropriate advisable necessary important urgent probable possible desirable strange 6 常用的过去分词 required demanded requested desired suggested recommended It was necessary that we should make everything ready ahead of time It is required that nobody should smoke here It is important that every pupil should be able to understand the rule of school It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible 注意 注意 在上述所列形容词后面用 that 引出的宾语从句中 谓语动词也要用虚拟语气 I don t think it advisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience 汤姆缺乏经验 指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的 2 2 在在 It It isis waswas 名词 名词 that that 结构中的虚拟语气结构中的虚拟语气 表示建议 命令 请求 表示建议 命令 请求 道歉 怀疑 惊奇等 道歉 怀疑 惊奇等 这类名词有 advice decision desire demand idea order pity proposal recommendation suggestion surprise wish wonder 等 It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad 我建议派他去国外进一步学习 It is my desire that all the members of the family should gather once a year 三 表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气三 表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气 某些表示建议 请求 命令等主观意向的名词作主语时 其后的表语从句或同位语从句需某些表示建议 请求 命令等主观意向的名词作主语时 其后的表语从句或同位语从句需 用虚拟语气 其表达形式为用虚拟语气 其表达形式为 shouldshould 动词原形或直接用动词原形 动词原形或直接用动词原形 这类名词常见的有 demand desire requirement advice recommendation suggestion order necessity proposal plan idea We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off 我们都赞成你提出的将讨论延期的建议 The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by everyone 由市长颁发奖金的建议被每个人接受 My idea is that we should get more people to attend the conference IVIV 在 在 ItIt isis aboutabout highhigh timetime thatthat 定语从句中的虚拟语气 定语从句中的虚拟语气 表示 该做 的时候了 其动词形式用一般过去时或 should 动词原形 It s already 5 o clock now Don t you think it s about time we went home It is time that somebody taught you to behave yourself I suppose it is almost time that were leaving 注意 注意 在 this is the first time second time that 句型中 从句中谓语动词用陈述语 气完成时态 Is this the first time that you have visited HongKong 这是你第一次参观香港吗 7 V V ifif onlyonly 引起的感叹句中的虚拟语气引起的感叹句中的虚拟语气 if only 引出感叹句 意思是 要是 多好 表示说话人的一种愿望 If only he didn t drive so fast 现在 If only the rain would stop 将来 Look at the terrible situation I am in If only I had followed your advice 过去 VI VI MultipleMultiple choicechoice 1 Had Paul received six more votes in the last election he our chairman now A must have been B would have been C were D would be 2 If you Jerry Brown until recently you d think the photograph on the right was strange A shouldn t contact B didn t contact C weren t to contact D hadn t contacted 3 the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday A In spite of B But for C Because of D As for 4 Look at the terrible situation I am in If only I your advice A follow B would follow C had followed D have followed 5 There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened a sudden loud noise A being there B should there be C there was D there having been 6 When Edison died it was proposed that the American people all power in their homes streets and factories for several minutes in honour of this great man A turn off B turned off C would turn off D had turned off 7 I apologize if I you but I assure you it was unintentional A offend B had offended C should have offended D might have offended 8 I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible but I fully occupied the whole of last week A were B had been C have been D was 9 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west so it seems as if the sun 8 round the earth A were circling B circles C is circling D be circling 10 If the Watergate Incident Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency A did not occur B had not occurred C was not occurring D be circling 11 I hadn t expected James to apologize but I had hoped A him calling me B that he would call me C him to call me D that he call me 12 George would certainly have attended the proceedings A if he didn t get a flat tire B if the flat tire hadn t happened C had he not had a flat tire D had the tire not flattened itself 13 The teacher suggested that her students experiences with ESP A write a composition on their B to write composition about the C wrote some compositions of his or her D had written any compositions for his 14 He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he a Chinese A were B had been C is D has been 15 Looking round the town he felt as though he away for ages A has been B was C is D had been 16 Most insurance agents would rather you anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation A do B don t C didn t D didn t do 17 Although most adopted persons want the right to know who their natural parents are some who have found them wish that they the experience of meeting A hadn t B didn t have had C hadn t had D hadn t have 18 Without electronic computers much of today s advanced technology A will not have been achieved B have not been achieved C would not have been achieved D had not been achieved 19 He told her to return the book in time so that others a chance to read it A may have B will have C would have D might 9 have 20 It is time that the government measures to protect the rare birds and animals A takes B took C has taken D taking 21 He was very busy yesterday otherwise he to the meeting A would come B came C would have come D had come 22 I must say he reads very well and I shouldn t be surprised if he acting for a living one day A had taken up B takes up C have taken up D would have taken up 23 If I had seen the movie I you all about it now A would tell B will tell C have told D would have told 24 I d rather you anything about it for