介词+关系代词引导的定语从句.doc

“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句中较复杂的一种，多用于正式文体中。这类定语从句的关系代词主要有 which, whom, whose 。它们既可引导限定性定语从句，又可引导非限定性定语从句。同学们在学习这种定语从句时要注意以下几种情况： 一、注意介词的选取 “介词” + “关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词的选取应根据如下几点： 1 根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。如： Who is the man with whom you just shook hands? 刚才和你握手的人是谁？ The two things about which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. 马克思不大有把握的两个方面是语法和某些习惯用语。 典型考例 1 In the dark street there wasnt a single person_ she could turn for help.(MET1992) A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 析：答案为 D 。介词 to 和定语从句中的 turn 构成固定搭配 turn to sb. for help. 意为“向某人求助”。 2 根据定语从句意思的需要，此时不但要注意其前的搭配也要注意其后的搭配。如： He had a bad cold, because of which he didnt attend the meeting. 他患了重感冒，因此未能参加会议。 The speed at which the car runs depends on the road condition. 这辆车的速度要根据路面状况而定。 典型考例 2 In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m.,_ many people have got home. （上海 1995 ） A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which 析：答案为 D 。根据句意“到下午 5 ： 30 时，许多人已经到家了”，且定语从句中又用了完成时，故应用介词 by. 3. 根据意思也可用复杂介词，如 by means of ,as a result of, in front of, in the back of ,all of , most of 等，如： (1) The instrument by means of which the temperature is measured is called thermometer. 用来测量温度的仪器叫温度计。 （ 2 ） There are forty students in the classroom, all of whom are working hard at a problem in mathematics. 教室里有四十个学生，他们都在努力计算一道数学难题。 二、注意关系代词的选取 在“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句中，如果关系代词指代事物就用 which; 如果指代人则用 whom; 若表示“的”则用 whose. 如： 1.This is the classroom in which we studied last year. 这就是我们去年学习的教室。 2.There are sixty students in our class, twenty of whom are girls. 我们班有六十个学生，其中二十个是女生。 3.He lives in a house, whose door opens to the north. 他住的房子门是朝北开的。 典型考例 1 He paid the boy 10 for washing the windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.(MET1990) A. those B. these C. that D. which 典型考例 2 The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. （上海 2000 春招） A who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom 析：考例 1 中关系代词指代“窗子”，故用 which, 答案为 D ；考例 2 中关系代词指代人，故用 whom, 它又和后面的 told 构成固定搭配 tell sb. about sb./sth. ，故答案为 B 。 三、注意关系代词的替换 1 介词 in, on, at, for 等与关系代词 which 一起引导定语从句时，可与相关的关系副词 when, where, why 等替换。如： (1)America is the country in which George Washington was born. 美国是乔治华盛顿出生的国家。 (in which 用 where 替换 ) (2)I have forgotten the exact date on which this small country became independent. 我忘了这个国家独立的确切日期了。 (on which 用 when 替换 ) (3)The reason for which he refused to go to the party was that they had not invited him to. 他拒绝去赴宴的原因是他没受到他们的邀请。 (for which 用 why 替换 ) 2. “名词 +of + 关系代词 ” 引导定语从句时，可与相关的关系副词“ whose + 名词”替换。如： (1)I will talk to those students the homework of whom hasnt been done. 我要和没完成作业的同学谈话。 (the homework of whom 用 whose homework 替换 ) (2)She lives in the house the windows of which face to the east. 她住在一栋窗户朝东的房子里。 (the windows of which 用 whose windows 替换 ) 四、注意不能拆开的动词短语 并不是所有的动词短语都能拆开，要注意有些动词短语不能拆开使用。这样的动词短语常用的有： look after, look for, turn in, pay attention to, take care of, depend on, listen to 等。如： 1.The babies (whom)the nurses are looking after are very healthy . 保育员照看的婴儿都很健康。 2.Is this the book (which/that)she was looking for ? 这是她正在找的那本书吗？ 3.Where is the wallet (which/that)you turned in yesterday? 你昨天上交的钱包哪去了？ 4.These are the words (which/that)you should pay attention to. 这些是你应该注意的单词。 五、注意“介词 +where ”引导的定语从句 有时我们可以见到“介词 +where ”引导的定语从句，此时要和“介词 +which” 引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。如： 1.His head soon appeared out of the window, from where he saw nothing but trees. 他的头很快从窗口露出来，从那儿除了树木他什么也看不见。 (from where 相当于 from out of the window. 而不是 from t