2016年全国英语四级真题及答案

2016 年年 6 月大学英语四级真题 第月大学英语四级真题 第 2 套套 Part I Writing Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letterto express your thanks to one of your school teachers upon entering college You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words Part Listening Comprehension Section A Directions In this section you will hear three news reports At the end of each news report you will hear two or three questions Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard 1 A How college students can improve their sleep habits B Why sufficient sleep is important for college students C Why college students are more likely to have stress problems D How college students can handle their psychological problems 2 A It is not easy to improve one s sleep habits B It is not good for students to play video games C Students who are better prepared generally get higher scores in examinations D Making last minute preparations for tests may be less effective than sleeping Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard 3 A Whether more airports should be built around London B Whether adequate investment is being made to improve airport facilities C Whether the British Airports Authority should sell off some of its assets D Whether the Spanish company could offer better service 4 A Inefficient management B Poor ownership structure C Lack of innovation and competition D Lack of runway and terminal capacity Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard 5 A Report the nicotine content of their cigarettes B Set a limit to the production of their cigarettes C Take steps to reduce nicotine in their products 标准时间标准时间25 minutes 自测用时自测用时minutes D Study the effects of nicotine on young smokers 6 A The biggest increase in nicotine content tended to be in brands young smokers like B Big tobacco companies were frank with their customers about the hazards of smoking C Brands which contain higher nicotine content were found to be much more popular D Tobacco companies refused to discuss the detailed nicotine content of their products 7 A They promised to reduce the nicotine content in cigarettes B They have not fully realized the harmful effect of nicotine C They were not prepared to comment on the cigarette study D They will pay more attention to the quality of their products Section B Directions In this section you will hear two long conversations At the end of each conversation you will hear four questions Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard 8 A Indonesia B Holland C Sweden D England 9 A Getting a coach who can offer real help B Talking with her boyfriend in Dutch C Learning a language where it is not spoken D Acquiring the necessary ability to socialize 10 A Listening language programs on the radio B Trying to speak it as much as one can C Making friends with native speakers D Practicing reading aloud as often as possible 11 A It creates an environment for socializing B It offers various courses with credit points C It trains young people s leadership abilities D It provides opportunities for language practice Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard 12 A The impact of engine design on rode safety B The role policemen play in traffic safety C A sense of freedom driving gives D Rules and regulations for driving 13 A Make cars with automatic control B Make cars that have better brakes C Make cars that are less powerful D Make cars with higher standards 14 A They tend to drive responsibly B They like to go at high speed C They keep within speed limits D They follow traffic rules closely 15 A It is a bad idea B It is not useful C It is as effective as speed bumps D It should be combined with education Section C Directions In this section you will hear three passages At the end of each passage you will hear three or four questions Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard 16 A The card got damaged B The card was found invalid C The card reader failed to do the scanning D The card reader broke down unexpectedly 17 A By converting the credit card with a layer of plastic B By calling the credit card company for confirmation C By seeking help from the card reader maker Verifone D By typing the credit card number into the cash register 18 A Affect the sales of high tech appliances B Change the life style of many Americans C Give birth to many new technological inventions D Produce many low tech fixes for high tech failures Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard 19 A They are set by the dean of the graduate school B They are determined by the advising board C They leave much room for improvement D They vary among different departments 20 A By consulting the examining committee B By reading the Bulletin of Information C By contacting the departmental office D By visiting the university s website 21 A They specify the number of credits students must earn B They are harder to meet than those for undergraduates C They have to be approved by the examining committee D They are the same among various divisions of the university Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard 22 A Students majoring in nutrition B Students in health classes C Ph D candidates in dieting D Middle and high school teachers 23 A Its overestimate of the effect of dieting B Its mistaken conception of nutrition C Its changing criteria for beauty D Its overemphasis on thinness 24 A To illustrate her point that beauty is but skin deep B To demonstrate the magic effect of dieting on women C To explain how computer images can be misleading D To prove that technology has impacted our culture 25 A To persuade girls to stop dieting B To promote her own concept of beauty C To establish an emotional connection with students D To help students rid themselves of bad living habits PartIII Reading Comprehension Section A Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage Read the passage through carefully before making your choices Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once Contrary to popular belief older people generally do not want to live with their children 标准时间标准时间40 minutes 自测用时自测用时minutes Moreover most adult children 26 every bit as much care and support to their aging parents as was the case in the good old days and most older people do not feel 27 About 80 of people 65years and older have living children and about 90 of themhave 28contact with their children About 75 of elderly parents who don t go to nursing homes live within 30 minutes of at least one of their children However 29 having contact with children does not guarantee happiness in old age In fact some research has found that people who are most involved with their families have the lowest spirits This research may be 30 however as ill health often makes older people more 31 and thereby increases contact with family members So it is more likely that poor health not just family involvement 32 spirits Increasingly researchers have begun to look at the quality of relationships rather than at the frequency of contact between the elderly and their children If parents and children share interests and values and agree on childrearing practices and religious 33 they are likely to enjoy each other s company Disagreements on such matters can 34 cause problems If parents are agreed by their daughter s divorce dislike her new husband and disapprove of how she is raising their grandchildren 35 are that they are not going to enjoy her visits A abandoned E commitment I frequent M provide B advanced F dampens J fulfillment N understandably C biased G dependent K grant O unrealistically D chances H distant L merely Section B Directions In this section you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than once Each paragraph ismarked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 Could Food Shortages Bring Down Civilization A F o r m a n y y e a r s I h a v e s t u d i e d g l o b a l a g r i c u l t u r a l p o p u l a t i o n e n v i r o n m e n t a l a n d e c o n o m i c t r e n d s a n d t h e i r i n t e r a c t i o n s T h e c o m b i n e d e f f e c t s o f t h o s e t r e n d s a n d t h e p o l i t i c a l t e n s i o n s t h e y g e n e r a t e p o i n t t o t h e b r e a k d o w n o f g o v e r n m e n t s a n d s o c i e t i e s Y e t I t o o h a v e r e s i s t e d t h e i d e a t h a t f o o d s h o r t a g e s c o u l d b r i n g d o w n n o t o n l y i n d i v i d u a l g o v e r n m e n t s b u t a l s o o u r g l o b a l c i v i l i z a t i o n B I c a n n o l o n g e r i g n o r e t h a t r i s k O u r c o n t i n u i n g f a i l u r e t o d e a l w i t h t h e e n v i r o n m e n t a l d e c l i n e s t h a t a r e u n d e r m i n i n g t h e w o r l d f o o d e c o n o m y f o r c e s m e t o c o n c l u d e t h a t s u c h a c o l l a p s e i s p o s s i b l e C A s d e m a n d f o r f o o d r i s e s f a s t e r t h a n s u p p l i e s a r e g r o w i n g t h e r e s u l t i n g f o o d p r i c e i n f l a t i o n p u t s s e v e r e s t r e s s o n t h e g o v e r n m e n t s o f m a n y c o u n t r i e s U n a b l e t o b u y g r a i n o r g r o w t h e i r o w n h u n g r y p e o p l e t a k e t o t h e s t r e e t s I n d e e d e v e n b e f o r e t h e s t e e p c l i m b i n g r a i n p r i c e s i n 2 0 0 8 t h e n u m b e r o f f a i l i n g s t a t e s w a s e x p a n d i n g I f t h e f o o d s i t u a t i o n c o n t i n u e s t o w o r s e n e n t i r e n a t i o n s w i l l b r e a k d o w n a t a n e v e r i n c r e a s i n g r a t e I n t h e 2 0 t h c e n t u r y t h e m a i n t h r e a t t o i n t e r n a t i o n a l s e c u r i t y w a s s u p e r p o w e r c o n f l i c t t o d a y i t i s f a i l i n g s t a t e s D S t a t e s f a i l w h e n n a t i o n a l g o v e r n m e n t s c a n n o l o n g e r p r o v i d e p e r s o n a l s e c u r i t y f o o d s e c u r i t y a n d b a s i c s o c i a l s e r v i c e s s u c h a s e d u c a t i o n a n d h e a l t h c a r e W h e n g o v e r n m e n t s l o s e t h e i r c o n t r o l o n p o w e r l a w a n d o r d e r b e g i n t o d i s i n t e g r a t e A f t e r a p o i n t c o u n t r i e s c a n b e c o m e s o d a n g e r o u s t h a t f o o d r e l i e f w o r k e r s a r e n o l o n g e r s a f e a n d t h e i r p r o g r a m s a r e h a l t e d F a i l i n g s t a t e s a r e o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o n c e r n b e c a u s e t h e y a r e a s o u r c e o f t e r r o r i s t s d r u g s w e a p o n s a n d r e f u g e e s 难 民 t h r e a t e n i n g p o l i t i c a l s t a b i l i t y e v e r y w h e r e E T h e s u r g e i n w o r l d g r a i n p r i c e s i n 2 0 0 7 a n d 2 0 0 8 a n d t h e t h r e a t t h e y p o s e t o f o o d s e c u r i t y h a s a d i f f e r e n t m o r e t r o u b l i n g q u a l i t y t h a n t h e i n c r e a s e s o f t h e p a s t D u r i n g t h e s e c o n d h a l f o f t h e 2 0 t h c e n t u r y g r a i n p r i c e s r o s e d r a m a t i c a l l y s e v e r a l t i m e s I n 1 9 7 2 f o r i n s t a n c e t h e S o v i e t s r e c o g n i z i n g t h e i r p o o r h a r v e s t e a r l y q u i e t l y c o r n e r e d t h e w o r l d w h e a t m a r k e t A s a r e s u l t w h e a t p r i c e s e l s e w h e r e m o r e t h a n d o u b l e d p u l l i n g r i c e a n d c o r n p r i c e s u p w i t h t h e m B u t t h i s a n d o t h e r p r i c e s h o c k s w e r e e v e n t d r i v e n d r o u g h t i n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n c r o p s h r i n k i n g h e a t i n t h e U S C o r n B e l t A n d t h e r i s e s w e r e s h o r t l i v e d p r i c e s t y p i c a l l y r e t u r n e d t o n o r m a l w i t h t h e n e x t h a r v e s t F I n c o n t r a s t t h e r e c e n t s u r g e i n w o r l d g r a i n p r i c e s i s t r e n d d r i v e n m a k i n g i t u n l i k e l y t o r e v e r s e w i t h o u t a r e v e r s a l i n t h e t r e n d s t h e m s e l v e s O n t h e d e m a n d s i d e t h o s e t r e n d s i n c l u d e t h e o n g o i n g a d d i t i o n o f m o r e t h a n 7 0 m i l l i o n p e o p l e a y e a r a g r o w i n g n u m b e r o f p e o p l e w a n t i n g t o m o v e u p t h e f o o d c h a i n t o c o n s u m e h i g h l y g r a i n i n t e n s i v e m e a t p r o d u c t s a n d t h e m a s s i v e d i v e r s i o n 转 向 o f U S g r a i n t o t h e p r o d u c t i o n o f b i o f u e l G A s i n c o m e s r i s e a m o n g l o w i n c o m e c o n s u m e r s t h e p o t e n t i a l f o r f u r t h e r g r a i n c o n s u m p t i o n i s h u g e B u t t h a t p o t e n t i a l p a l e s b e s i d e t h e n e v e r e n d i n g d e m a n d f o r c r o p b a s e d f u e l s A f o u r t h o f t h i s y e a r s U S g r a i n h a r v e s t w i l l g o t o f u e l c a r s H W h a t a b o u t s u p p l y T h e t h r e e e n v i r o n m e n t a l t r e n d s t h e s h o r t a g e o f f r e s h w a t e r t h e l o s s o f t o p s o i l a n d t h e r i s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e s a r e m a k i n g i t i n c r e a s i n g l y h a r d t o e x p a n d t h e w o r l d s g r a i n s u p p l y f a s t e n o u g h t o k e e p u p w i t h d e m a n d O f a l l t h o s e t r e n d s h o w e v e r t h e s p r e a d o f w a t e r s h o r t a g e s p o s e s t h e m o s t i m m e d i a t e t h r e a t T h e b i g g e s t c h a l l e n g e h e r e i s i r r i g a t i o n w h i c h c o n s u m e s 7 0 t h e w o r l d s f r e s h w a t e r M i l l i o n s o f i r r i g a t i o n w e l l s i n m a n y c o u n t r i e s a r e n o w p u m p i n g w a t e r o u t o f u n d e r g r o u n d s o u r c e s f a s t e r t h a n r a i n f a l l c a n r e f i l l t h e m T h e r e s u l t i s f a l l i n g w a t e r t a b l e s 地 下 水 位 i n c o u n t r i e s w i t h h a l f t h e w o r l d s p e o p l e i n c l u d i n g t h e t h r e e b i g g r a i n p r o d u c e r s C h i n a I n d i a a n d t h e U S I A s w a t e r t a b l e s h a v e f a l l e n a n d i r r i g a t i o n w e l l s h a v e g o n e d r y C h i n a s w h e a t c r o p t h e w o r l d s l a r g e s t h a s d e c l i n e d b y 8 s i n c e i t p e a k e d a t 1 2 3 m i l l i o n t o n s i n 1 9 9 7 B u t w a t e r s h o r t a g e s a r e e v e n m o r e w o r r y i n g i n I n d i a M i l l i o n s o f i r r i g a t i o n w e l l s h a v e s i g n i f i c a n t l y l o w e r e d w a t e r t a b l e s i n a l m o s t e v e r y s t a t e J A s t h e w o r l d s f o o d s e c u r i t y f a l l s t o p i e c e s i n d i v i d u a l c o u n t r i e s a c t i n g i n t h e i r o w n s e l f i n t e r e s t a r e a c t u a l l y w o r s e n i n g t h e t r o u b l e s o f m a n y T h e t r e n d b e g a n i n 2 0 0 7 w h e n l e a d i n g w h e a t e x p o r t i n g c o u n t r i e s s u c h a s R u s s i a a n d A r g e n t i n a l i m i t e d o r b a n n e d t h e i r e x p o r t s i n h o p e s o f i n c r e a s i n g l o c a l f o o d s u p p l i e s a n d t h e r e b y b r i n g i n g d o w n d o m e s t i c f o o d p r i c e s V i e t n a m b a n n e d i t s e x p o r t s f o r s e v e r a l m o n t h s f o r t h e s a m e r e a s o n S u c h m o v e s m a y e l i m i n a t e t h e f e a r s o f t h o s e l i v i n g i n t h e e x p o r t i n g c o u n t r i e s b u t t h e y a r e c r e a t i n g p a n i c i n i m p o r t i n g c o u n t r i e s t h a t m u s t r e l y o n w h a t i s t h e n l e f t f o r e x p o r t K I n r e s p o n s e t o t h o s e r e s t r i c t i o n s g r a i n i m p o r t i n g c o u n t r i e s a r e t r y i n g t o n a i l d o w n l o n g t e r m t r a d e a g r e e m e n t s t h a t w o u l d l o c k u p f u t u r e g r a i n s u p p l i e s F o o d i m p o r t a n x i e t y i s e v e n l e a d i n g t o n e w e f f o r t s b y f o o d i m p o r t i n g c o u n t r i e s t o b u y o r l e a s e f a r m l a n d i n o t h e r c o u n t r i e s I n s p i t e o f s u c h t e m p o r a r y m e a s u r e s s o a r i n g f o o d p r i c e s a n d s p r e a d i n g h u n g e r i n m a n y o t h e r c o u n t r i e s a r e b e g i n n i n g t o b r e a k d o w n t h e s o c i a l o r d e r L S i n c e t h e c u r r e n t w o r l d f o o d s h o r t a g e i s t r e n d d r i v e n t h e e n v i r o n m e n t a l t r e n d s t h a t c a u s e i t m u s t b e r e v e r s e d W e m u s t c u t c a r b o n e m i s s i o n s b y 8 0 f r o m t h e i r 2 0 0 6 l e v e l s b y 2 0 2 0 s t a b i l i z e t h e w o r l d s p o p u l a t i o n a t e i g h t b i l l i o n b y 2 0 4 0 c o m p l e t e l y r e m o v e p o v e r t y a n d r e s t o r e f o r e s t s a n d s o i l s T h e r e i s n o t h i n g n e w a b o 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