1949年8月12日日内瓦第二公约 汉英对照

1 19491949 年年 8 8 月月 1212 日日内瓦第二公约日日内瓦第二公约 Convention II for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea Geneva 12 August 1949 12 08 1949 一九四九年八月十二日改善海上武装部队伤者病者及遇船难者境遇之日内瓦公约 1949 年 8 月 12 日日内瓦第二公约 1949 年 8 月 12 日订于日内瓦 第一章第一章 总则总则 Chapter I General Provisions 下列签署之各国政府全权代表出席自 1949 年 4 月 21 日至 8 月 12 日在日内瓦举行之外 交会议 为修订 1907 年 10 月 18 日推行 1906 年日内瓦公约之原则于海战之第十海牙公约 议定如下 The undersigned Plenipotentiaries of the Governments represented at the Diplomatic Conference held at Geneva from April 21 to August 12 1949 for the purpose of revising the Xth Hague Convention of October 18 1907 for the Adaptation to Maritime Warfare of the Principles of the Geneva Convention of 1906 have agreed as follows 第 一 条 各缔约国承诺在一切情况下尊重本公约并保证本公约之被尊重 The High Contracting Parties undertake to respect and to ensure respect for the present Convention in all circumstances 第 二 条 于平时应予实施之各项规定之外 本公约适用于两个或两个以上缔约国间 所发生之一切经过宣战的战争或任何其他武装冲突 即使其中一国不承认有战争状态 In addition to the provisions which shall be implemented in peacetime the present Convention shall apply to all cases of declared war or of any other armed conflict which may arise between two or more of the High Contracting Parties even if the state of war is not recognized by one of them 凡在一缔约国的领土一部或全部被占领之场合 即使此项占领未遇武装抵抗 亦适用 本公约 The Convention shall also apply to all cases of partial or total occupation of the territory of a High Contracting Party even if the said occupation meets with no armed resistance 冲突之一方虽非缔约国 其他曾签订本公约之国家于其相互关系上 仍应受本公约之 拘束 设若上述非缔约国接受并援用本公约之规定时 则缔约各国对该国之关系 亦应受 本公约之拘束 Although one of the Powers in conflict may not be a party to the present Convention the Powers who are parties thereto shall remain bound by it in their mutual relations They shall furthermore be bound by the Convention in relation to the said Power if the latter accepts and applies the provisions thereof 第 三 条 在一缔约国之领土内发生非国际性的武装冲突之场合 冲突之各方最低限 度应遵守下列规定 In the case of armed conflict not of an international character occurring in the territory of one of the High Contracting Parties each Party to the conflict shall be bound to 2 apply as a minimum the following provisions 一 不实际参加战事之人员 包括放下武器之武装部队人员及因病 伤 拘留 或其 他原因而失去战斗力之人员在内 在一切情况下 应予以人道待遇 不得基于种族 肤色 宗教或信仰 性别 出身或财力或其他类似标准而有所歧视 1 Persons taking no active part in the hostilities including members of armed forces who have laid down their arms and those placed hors de combat by sickness wounds detention or any other cause shall in all circumstances be treated humanely without any adverse distinction founded on race colour religion or faith sex birth or wealth or any other similar criteria 因此 对于上述人员不论何时何地不得有下列行为 To this end the following acts are and shall remain prohibited at any time and in any place whatsoever with respect to the above mentioned persons 甲 对生命与人身施以暴力 特别如各种谋杀 残伤肢体 虐待及酷刑 a violence to life and person in particular murder of all kinds mutilation cruel treatment and torture 乙 作为人质 b taking of hostages 丙 损害个人尊严 特别如侮辱与降低身份的待遇 c outrages upon personal dignity in particular humiliating and degrading treatment 丁 未经具有文明人类所认为必需之司法保障的正规组织之法庭之宣判 而遽行判 罪及执行死刑 d the passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous judgment pronounced by a regularly constituted court affording all the judicial guarantees which are recognized as indispensable by civilized peoples 二 伤者 病者及遇船难者应予收集与照顾 2 The wounded and sick shall be collected and cared for 公正的人道团体 如红十字国际委员会 得向冲突之各方提供服务 An impartial humanitarian body such as the International Committee of the Red Cross may offer its services to the Parties to the conflict 冲突之各方应进而努力以特别协定之方式 使本公约之其他规定得全部或部分发生效 力 The Parties to the conflict should further endeavour to bring into force by means of special agreements all or part of the other provisions of the present Convention 上述规定之适用不影响冲突各方之法律地位 The application of the preceding provisions shall not affect the legal status of the Parties to the conflict 第 四 条 遇有冲突各方之陆海军作战时 本公约之规定仅适用于在舰上之部队 In case of hostilities between land and naval forces of Parties to the conflict the provisions of the present Convention shall apply only to forces on board ship 登陆之部队 应立即受一九四九年八月十二日改善战地武装部队伤者 病者境遇之日内 瓦公约的规定之拘束 Forces put ashore shall immediately become subject to the provisions of the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field of August 12 1949 第 五 条 中立国对于在其领土内所收容或拘禁之伤者 病者 遇船难者 医务人员 与随军牧师及所发现之死者 应准用本约之规定 Neutral Powers shall apply by analogy the provisions of the present Convention to the wounded sick and shipwrecked and to members of the medical personnel and to chaplains of the armed forces of the Parties to the conflict received or interned in their territory as well as to dead persons found 第 六 条于第十 十八 三十一 三十八 三十九 四十 四十三及五十三各条明文 3 规定之协定之外 各缔约国对其认为需另作规定之一切事项得订立特别协定 是项特别协 定不得对本公约关于伤者 病者 遇船难者 医务人员或随军牧师所规定之境遇有不利的 影响 亦不得限制本公约所赋予彼等之权利 In addition to the agreements expressly provided for in Articles 10 Link 18 Link 31 Link 38 Link 39 Link 40 Link 43 Link and 53 Link the High Contracting Parties may conclude other special agreements for all matters concerning which they may deem it suitable to make separate provision No special agreement shall adversely affect the situation of wounded sick and shipwrecked persons of members of the medical personnel or of chaplains as defined by the present Convention nor restrict the rights which it confers upon them 除在上述协定或后订之协定中有相反之明文规定 或冲突之一方对彼等采取更优待之 措施外 伤者 病者 遇船难者 医务人员及随军牧师 在本公约对其适用期间 应继续 享受是项协定之利益 Wounded sick and shipwrecked persons as well as medical personnel and chaplains shall continue to have the benefit of such agreements as long as the Convention is applicable to them except where express provisions to the contrary are contained in the aforesaid or in subsequent agreements or where more favourable measures have been taken with regard to them by one or other of the Parties to the conflict 第 七 条 在任何情况下 伤者 病者 遇船难者 医务人员及随军牧师不得放弃本 公约或上条所述特别协定 如其订有是项协定 所赋予彼等之权利之一部或全部 Wounded sick and shipwrecked persons as well as members of the medical personnel and chaplains may in no circumstances renounce in part or in entirety the rights secured to them by the present Convention and by the special agreements referred to in the foregoing Article Link if such there be 第 八 条 本公约之适用应与保护国合作并受其监察 保护国之责任为维护冲突各方 之利益 为此目的 保护国在其外交或领事人员之外 得自其本国国民或其他中立国国民 中指派代表 上述代表应经其执行任务所在国之认可 The present Convention shall be applied with the cooperation and under the scrutiny of the Protecting Powers whose duty it is to safeguard the interests of the Parties to the conflict For this purpose the Protecting Powers may appoint apart from their diplomatic or consular staff delegates from amongst their own nationals or the nationals of other neutral Powers The said delegates shall be subject to the approval of the Power with which they are to carry out their duties 冲突各方对于保护国之代表之工作应尽最大可能予以便利 The Parties to the conflict shall facilitate to the greatest extent possible the task of the representatives or delegates of the Protecting Powers 保护国之代表在任何情况下不得逾越本约所畀予之任务 彼等尤须顾及其执行任务所 在国之安全上迫切的必要 仅遇有迫切的军事要求时 始能作为一种例外及暂时的措施而 限制其活动 The representatives or delegates of the Protecting Powers shall not in any case exceed their mission under the present Convention They shall in particular take account of the imperative necessities of security of the State wherein they carry out their duties Their activities shall only be restricted as an exceptional and temporary measure when this is rendered necessary by imperative military necessities 第 九 条 本公约之规定并不妨碍红十字国际委员会或其他公正的人道组织 在有关 冲突各方之同意之条件下 从事保护与救济伤者 病者 遇船难者 医务人员及随军牧师 之人道活动 The provisions of the present Convention constitute no obstacle to the humanitarian activities which the International Committee of the Red Cross or any other impartial humanitarian 4 organization may subject to the consent of the Parties to the conflict concerned undertake for the protection of wounded sick and shipwrecked persons medical personnel and chaplains and for their relief 第 十 条 各缔约国得随时同意将根据本公约应由保护国负担之任务 委托于具有公 允与效能的一切保证之组织 The High Contracting Parties may at any time agree to entrust to an organization which offers all guarantees of impartiality and efficacy the duties incumbent on the Protecting Powers by virtue of the present Convention Whenever in the present Convention mention is made of a Protecting Power such mention also applies to substitute organizations in the sense of the present Article 当伤者 病者 遇船难者或医务人员及随军牧师 不拘为何原因 不能享受或已停止 享受保护国或本条第一款所规定之组织的活动之利益时 则拘留国应请一中立国或此种组 织担任依照本公约应由冲突各方指定之保护国所执行之任务 When wounded sick and shipwrecked or medical personnel and chaplains do not benefit or cease to benefit no matter for what reason by the activities of a Protecting Power or of an organization provided for in the first paragraph above the Detaining Power shall request a neutral State or such an organization to undertake the functions performed under the present Convention by a Protecting Power designated by the Parties to a conflict 若保护不能依此布置 则拘留国应在本条之规定之约束下 请求或接受一人道组织 如红十字国际委员会 提供服务 以担任依本公约由保护国执行之人道的任务 If protection cannot be arranged accordingly the Detaining Power shall request or shall accept subject to the provisions of this Article the offer of the services of a humanitarian organization such as the International Committee of the Red Cross to assume the humanitarian functions performed by Protecting Powers under the present Convention 任何中立国或任何组织经有关国家邀请或自愿提供服务而执行任务时 在行为上须对 本公约所保护之人员所依附之冲突一方具有责任感 并须充分保证能执行其所负之任务 且能公允执行之 Any neutral Power or any organization invited by the Power concerned or offering itself for these purposes shall be required to act with a sense of responsibility towards the Party to the conflict on which persons protected by the present Convention depend and shall be required to furnish sufficient assurances that it is in a position to undertake the appropriate functions and to discharge them impartially 各国间订立特别协定 如其中一国因军事关系 特别是因其领土之大部或全部被占领 以致该国与其他一国或其盟国谈判之自由受限制 即或是暂时的 本公约上列规定不得因 该项特别协定而有所减损 No derogation from the preceding provisions shall be made by special agreements between Powers one of which is restricted even temporarily in its freedom to negotiate with the other Power or its allies by reason of military events more particularly where the whole or a substantial part of the territory of the said Power is occupied 凡本公约中提及保护国 亦适用于本条所指之代替组织 Whenever in the present Convention mention is made of a Protecting Power such mention also applies to substitute organizations in the sense of the present Article 第 十一 条 保护国认为于被保护人之利益适宜时 尤其遇冲突各方对于本公约之适用 与解释意见有分歧时 应从事斡旋以期解决分歧 In cases where they deem it advisable in the interest of protected persons particularly in cases of disagreement between the Parties to the conflict as to the application or interpretation of the provisions of the present Convention the Protecting Powers shall lend their good offices with a view to settling the disagreement 5 为此目的 各保护国得因一方之请求 或主动向冲突各方建议 可能在适当选择之中 立领土召开代表会议 负责管理伤者 病者 遇船难者之当局代表和医务人员与随军牧师 之代表尤须参加 冲 突各方对于为此目的而提出之建议负有实行之义务 各保护国得于必 要时 提请冲突各方同意 特邀一中立国人员或红十字国际委员会委派之人员参加此项会 议 For this purpose each of the Protecting Powers may either at the invitation of one Party or on its own initiative propose to the Parties to the conflict a meeting of their representatives in particular of the authorities responsible for the wounded sick and shipwrecked medical personnel and chaplains possibly on neutral territory suitably chosen The Parties to the conflict shall be bound to give effect to the proposals made to them for this purpose The Protecting Powers may if necessary propose for approval by the Parties to the conflict a person belonging to a neutral Power or delegated by the International Committee of the Red Cross who shall be invited to take part in such a meeting 第二章第二章伤者病者及遇船难者伤者病者及遇船难者 Chapter II Wounded Sick in particular they shall not be murdered or exterminated subjected to torture or to biological experiments they shall not wilfully be left without medical assistance and care nor shall conditions exposing them to contagion or infection be created 只有医疗上之紧急理由始可予提前诊治 Only urgent medical reasons will authorize priority in the order of treatment to be administered 对于妇女之待遇应充分顾及其性别 Women shall be treated with all consideration due to their sex 第 十三 条 本公约适用于下列各类之海上伤者 病者及遇船难者 The present Convention shall apply to the wounded sick and shipwrecked at sea belonging to the following categories 一 冲突之一方之武装部队人员及构成此种武装部队一部之民兵与志愿部队人员 1 Members of the armed forces of a Party to the conflict as well as members of militias or volunteer corps forming part of such armed forces 二 冲突之一方所属之其他民兵及其他志愿部队人员 包括有组织之抵抗运动人员之 6 在其本国领土内外活动者 即使此项领土已被占领 但须此项民兵或志愿部队 包括有组 织之抵抗运动人员 合乎下列条件 2 Members of other militias and members of other volunteer corps including those of organized resistance movements belonging to a Party to the conflict and operating in or outside their own territory even if this territory is occupied provided that such militias or volunteer corps including such organized resistance movements fulfil the following conditions 甲 由一为其部下负责之人统率 a that of being commanded by a person responsible for his subordinates 乙 备有可从远处识别之固定的特殊标志 b that of having a fixed distinctive sign recognizable at a distance 丙 公开携带武器 c that of carrying arms openly 丁 遵守战争法规及惯例进行战斗 d that of conducting their operations in accordance with the laws and customs of war 三 自称效忠于未经拘留国承认之政府或当局之正规武装部队人员 3 Members of regular armed forces who profess allegiance to a Government or an authority not recognized by the Detaining Power 四 伴随武装部队而实际并非其成员之人 如军用机上之文职工作人员 战地记者 供应商人 劳动队工人或武装部队福利工作人员 但须彼等已获得其所伴随之武装部队的 准许 4 Persons who accompany the armed forces without actually being members thereof such as civilian members of military aircraft crews war correspondents supply contractors members of labour units or of services responsible for the welfare of the armed forces provided that they have received authorization from the armed forces which they accompany 五 冲突各方之商船队之船员 包括船长 驾驶员与见习生 以及民航机上之工作人 员 而依国际法之任何其他规定不能享受更优惠之待遇者 5 Members of crews including masters pilots and apprentices of the merchant marine and the crews of civil aircraft of the Parties to the conflict who not benefit by more favourable treatment under any other provisions of international law 六 未占领地之居民 当敌人迫近时 未及组织成为正规部队 而立即自动拿起武器 抵抗来侵军队者 但须彼等公开携带武器并尊重战争法规及惯例 6 Inhabitants of a non occupied territory who on the approach of the enemy spontaneously take up arms to resist the invading forces without having had time to form themselves into regular armed units provided they carry arms openly and respect the laws and customs of war 第 十四 条 交战国之一切军舰应有权要求交出军用医院船 属于救济团体或私人之医 院船 以及商船 游艇或其他船只上之伤者 病者 或遇船难者 不拘国籍 但须伤者与 病者处于适合移动之情状 而该军舰具有必要的医治之适当设备 All warships of a belligerent Party shall have the right to demand that the wounded sick or shipwrecked on board military hospital ships and hospital ships belonging to relief societies or to private individuals as well as merchant vessels yachts and other craft shall be surrendered whatever their nationality provided that the wounded and sick are in a fit state to be moved and that the warship can provide adequate facilities for necessary medical treatment 第 十五 条 如伤者 病者或遇船难者被收容于中立国军舰或军用飞机上 如国际法有 此要求 应保证此等人员不再参加战争行动 If wounded sick or shipwrecked persons are taken on board a neutral warship or a neutral military aircraft it shall be ensured where so required by international law that they can take no further part in operations of war 7 第 十六 条 在第十二条规定之限制下 交战国之伤者 病者及遇船难者之落于敌方手 中者 应为战俘 并对之适用国际法有关战俘之规定 俘获者得按情况决定是否便于扣留 送至俘获国之港口 中立国港口 甚或敌国领土内之港口 如属最后一情形 被送回本国 之战俘 在战争期间不得服役 Subject to the provisions of Article 12 Link the wounded sick and shipwrecked of a belligerent who fall into enemy hands shall be prisoners of war and the provisions of international law concerning prisoners of war shall apply to them The captor may decide according to circumstances whether it is expedient to hold them or to convey them to a port in the captor s own country to a neutral port or even to a port in enemy territory In the last case prisoners of war thus returned to their home country may not serve for the duration of the war 第 十七 条 如中立国与交战国间无相反之协定 经地方当局之许可 在中立国港口登 陆之伤者 病者或遇船难者 遇国 际法有此要求时 应由中立国加以看守 务使彼等不能 再参加战争行动 Wounded sick or shipwrecked persons who are landed in neutral ports with the consent of the local authorities shall failing arrangements to the contrary between the neutral and the belligerent Powers be so guarded by the neutral Power where so required by international law that the said persons cannot again take part in operations of war 医院收容及拘禁费用应由伤者 病者或遇船难者所依附之国负担 The costs of hospital accommodation and internment shall be borne by the Power on whom the wounded sick or shipwrecked persons depend 第 十八 条 每次战斗之后 冲突各方应立即采取一切可能之措施以搜寻并收集遇船难 者 伤者与病者加以保护借免抢劫及虐待 而予以适宜之照顾 并搜寻死者而防其被剥劫 After each engagement Parties to the conflict shall without delay take all possible measures to search for and collect the shipwrecked wounded and sick to protect them against pillage and ill treatment to ensure their adequate care and to search for the dead and prevent their being despoiled 环境许可时 冲突各方应商定局部办法以便经由海路搬移被包围地区之伤者与病者 并使送往该地区之医疗与宗教人员及器材得以通过 Whenever circumstances permit the Parties to the conflict shall conclude local arrangements for the removal of the wounded and sick by sea from a besieged or encircled area and for the passage of medical and religious personnel and equipment on their way to that area 第 十九 条 冲突各方应尽速登记落于其手中之每一敌方遇船难者 伤者 病者或死者 之任何可以证明其身份之事项 可能时 此项记录应包括 The Parties to the conflict shall record as soon as possible in respect of each shipwrecked wounded sick or dead person of the adverse Party falling into their hands any particulars which may assist in his identification These records should if possible include 甲 所依附之国 a designation of the Power on which he depends 乙 军 团 个人番号 b army regimental personal or serial number 丙 姓 c surname 丁 名 d first name or names 戊 出生日期 e date of birth 己 身份证或身份牌上所表明之任何其他事项 f any other particulars shown on his identity card or disc 庚 被俘或死亡之日期及地点 g date and place of capture or death 辛 有关伤病之情况或死亡之原因 h parti