中考英语语法汇总专题复习

专题一专题一 名名 词词 名词的定义名词的定义 名词是表示人 事物 现象和其他抽象概念的名称的词 名词是表示人 事物 现象和其他抽象概念的名称的词 名词可分为专有名词和普名词可分为专有名词和普 名词 名词 专有名词是具体的人和事物等特有名称 专有名词的第一个字母要大写 人名 地名专有名词是具体的人和事物等特有名称 专有名词的第一个字母要大写 人名 地名 公共节日及月份 周日的名称等等都是属于专有名词 见资料 公共节日及月份 周日的名称等等都是属于专有名词 见资料 如 Yao Ming 姚明 China 中国 Christmas 圣诞节等 可数名词和不可数名词 普通名词按照其所表示的事物的性质分为可数 名词和 不可数名词 1 可数名词 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式 如 an apple two apples 注意 a 用于以辅音音素 指音标 开头的单数名词前 an 用于以元音音素 指音标 开头的单数名词前 如 a book buk a useful ju sful book an apple aepl a red apple an hour aua 2 不可数名词 不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词 没有复数形式 1 物质名词 如 water rice tea milk food fruit meat fish 鱼 肉 chicken 鸡肉 beef mutton orange 橙汁 sugar salt paper 纸 porridge bread sand juice等 这类不可数名词需要计量时要在名词前 加表示量的词 如 a cup of tea two bags of rice three bottles of water等 2 抽象名词 如 news music time 时间 information等 3 不可数名词不能与数词或不定冠词连用 4 注意有些名词既可做可数名词也可做不可数名词 如 fish time glass orange room noise chicken等 但使用时一 定要区分它们表达的不同意义 名词的数 1 可数名词复数形式的规则变化 情况构成方法读音例词 清辅音后读 s map maps一般情况加 s 浊辅音和元音后读 z bag bags car cars 以s sh ch x 等结尾 加 es读 iz bus buses watch watches Wish wishes box boxes 以ce se ze 等 结尾 加 s读 iz license licenses 以辅音字母 y结 尾 变y 为i再加es读 z baby babies 以f或fe结尾的名 词 变f或fe为v 再 加es 读 vz shelf shelves wolf wolves life lives knife knives 2 可数名词复数形式的的不规则变化 1 元音或词尾发生变化 如 man men woman women Frenchman Frenchmen tooth teeth foot feet child children 2 单复数形式相同 如 sheep sheep fish fish Chinese Chinese Japanese Japanese yuan yuan 3 形式为单数意思为复数 如 people police 集合名词 4 形式为复数意思为单数如 news maths physics the United States等 5 只用复数形式如 pants shorts clothes glasses 眼镜 等 3 不可数名词的量的表示 不能直接用数字 不能直接加a an 无复数形 式 1 表不定数量时 一般用much a little a lot of lots of some any等 词修饰 2 表确定数量时 一般用 数词 量词 of 不可数名词 如 如 a piece of paper a piece of news a bag of rice two glasses of milk four bottles of water 1 名词的所有格 1 有生命的名词所有格 1 单数名词后加 s 如 my brother s book 2 不以s 结尾的复数名词后加 s 如 the children s football 3 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 如 the boys game 4 以s 结尾的专有名词后直接加 如 Dickens novels 5 某物为两个名词共有时 在第二个名词后加 s 如 Tom and David s room 6 表示两个名词各自拥有的东西 在两个名词后都加 s 如 Tom s and David s rooms 2 无生命的事物的名词所有格 of所有格 1 of 名词 如 a photo of my family the door of the classroom 注意 of 名词 s 名词性物主代词 构成双重所有格 如 a friend of mine a friend of Jim s 2 表示时间或距离 国家 城市的方法 也可用 s来构成所有格 如 ten minutes drive十分钟车程 a month s holiday一个月的假期 China s capital 3 表称呼 职业等名词的所有格可以表示人的住所或工作场所 所有格后面 的名词一般被省去 如 at his brother s at the doctor s at the barker s at Mr Read s 4 用所有格表示节日的方法 如 Teachers Day Children s Day 除了父亲节和母亲节其他节日我们都用名词复数的所有格表示 如 Mother s Day Father s Day 5 由some any no every与one body 结合的复合不定代词 something anything 等和else 连用时 所有格应加在else的后面 This is somebody else pencil 四 名词作句子成分 1 名词作主语 1 表示时间 金钱 距离作主语时 谓语动词用单数 Two hours be enough for us to get there 2 量词短语 数字 量词 of 作主语时 谓语动词应与量词保持一致 A pair of shoes be under the bed Two pieces of paper be on the desk 3 名词 介词 with except along with 名词作主语时 谓语动 词应与前面的名词保持一致 The teacher with the students be planting trees on the hill 4 短语 neither nor either or not only but also 连接 主语时 谓语动词实行就近原则 Neither he nor I be a Frenchman 2 名词作定语 1 名词作定语时 一般用单数形式 变复数时 名词中的中心词变为复数 形式 如 a banana tree banana trees a shoe factory shoe factories There is a shoe factory near the school 2 名词作定语时 个别情况用复数形式 sport The sports meeting will be held next week 3 man woman 作定语表示性别时 man woman随后面的名词单复数而变 one man teacher two women teachers 2 词类词类 一一 名词名词 1 2009 广州 You look very tired this morning What did you do yesterday afternoon I did Christmas shopping A a lot of B a few of C a number of D a piece of 2 2009 武汉 Why do you get up so early in the morning Tracy I generally make it a to be up by 7 to read English A plan B wish C secret D rule 3 2009 武汉 Do the dishes Mike or I will tell mum Mind your own Sue A action B duty C business D Way 4 2009 广州 The letter from my uncle was short There wasn t news A many B a few C much D few 5 2009 威海 Why didn t you take a taxi back last night Because I didn t have any with me A food B bicycle C friend D money 6 2009 成都 John always says that he likes apples of all the A vegetables B fruits C drinks 7 2009 江西 You look worried What s your I have trouble learning English A name B question C problem D job 8 2009 南京 Oh my God We have missed the last bus What shall we do I m afraid we have no but to take a taxi A choice B decision C reason D information 9 2009 河南 I like a lot and my mother usually cooks it in different ways A fish B butter C potatoes D noodles 10 2009 宜昌 In my opinion China has more to deal with the disease ofA H1N1 I quite agree with you Chinese medicine works well A advantages B interests C equipments D materials 11 2009 娄底 It s said that you have moved into a new house Yeah and we need to buy some in the mall nearby A food B furniture C hamburger 12 2009 孝感 All the teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th because it was their own holiday A man B men C woman D women 13 2009 湖北孝感 Emma who are you taking of at home My grandma she got hurt in an accident A place B part C seat D care 14 2009 山西 How can I see thick snow in most northern parts of China You have to wait till comes Steve A summer B autumn C winter 15 2009 山西 Let s get some about tourism on the Internet A information B message C invention 16 2009 无锡 the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are teachers A A number of women B A number of woman C The number of women D The number of woman 17 2009 绥德 Mike and his friend are going to the to see the new action movie tonight A book shop B restaurant C concert D cinema 3 18 2009 安徽 Shall we go shopping now Sorry It s not the right I m too tired A way B weather C place D moment 19 2009 安徽 I m afraid I can t get there before 9 o clock That s OK There s A no way B no wonder C no doubt D no hurry 20 2009 漳州 What makes you so upset I wanted to explain why I was late but Mr White didn t give me a n A way B chance C idea D excuse 21 2009 通化 We need to come up with a an and make a decision at once A information B advice C idea D news 22 2009 德州 Look at the flowers They are in different red yellow pink A colors B sizes C prices D names 23 2009 恩施 I d like grapes and pears Oh I only need orange juice A some a few B a few some C a little few D a little a few 2 4 2009 阜康 What would you like to drink please A Rice B Meat C Water D Bread 25 2009 朝阳 You look very young Mrs Green Could you tell me how old you are Oh sorry It s a n A problem B instruction C secret D business 26 2009 安顺 We should not eat meat A too many B much too C too much D many too 27 2009 安顺 I don t understand the story though there are new words in it A few B little C a few D a little 28 2009 安顺 This is not my dictionary It s She lent it to me this morning A my sister B my sisters C my sister s D my sisters 29 2009 安顺 A school in Anshun held an activity called Recommend 推荐 Books to Your Teachers The students made a of 1 0000 books A note B line C menu D list 30 2009 莆田 I feel thirsty I want something to drink What about you OK Let s go and buy some A orange B bread C chocolate 31 2009 莆田 Hurry up There is time left A a little B little C few 32 2010 内江 Well you look so happy Because I ve got a good A work B news C job D ideas 33 2010 上海 You can get much about the World Expo on the Internet A map B picture C ticket D information 34 2010 上海 The customers are pleased with the of the restaurant A balance B experience C surface D service 35 2010 晋江 Lily has a silk Listen she is singing in the next room How nice A look B noiseC voice 36 2010 通化 We need to come up with a an and make a decision at once A information B advice C idea D news 37 2010 湖州 Would you like some No thank you I m not hungry at all A water B books C clothes D bread 4 38 2010 荆州 When will the 2010 World Expo 世博会 come to a close It ll close at the end of A September B October C November D December 39 2010 武汉 Why are you still waiting in line I ve missed my 全品中考网 A place B order C turn D time 40 2010 河南 It was very hard for me to make a but J decided to leave my job A suggestion B decision C plan D speech 41 2010 黄冈 Good news We will have a holiday I ve heard of it But it s coming in A three days three days timeB three days three days C three day three daysD three days three day time 42 2010 聊城 Why not go to Qingdao on May Day Jim I m afraid it s not a good I have been there several times A wayB placeC adviceD idea 43 2010 阜康 Mr Black gave us on how to learn English well A an adviceB many advices C some adviceD some advices 44 2010 黄石 With whom did you watch 2010 World Cup Opening Ceremony A A friend of mine B A friend of me C A friend of my sister D A friend of you 45 2010 荆门 Oh my god The kids are making too much here I can t do anything A sound B Voice C Noise D footstep 46 2010 襄樊 What s your job Henry I m a I work late I m very busy when people go out to dimters A waiter B reporter C teacher D nurse 47 2010 鸡西 How many can you see in the picture Only one A Dog B sheep C child D tree 48 2010 定西 What s your I like swimming A job B age C hobby D number 49 2010 定西 What would you like sir A Two pop 全品 B Two bottles pop C Two bottles of pop D Two bottle of pop 50 2010 莱芜 I have a for breakfast everyday A hot dog B Cookie C Dumpling D hamburger 51 2010 哈尔滨 A low carbon 低碳 lifestyle has effect on our daily life People are paying more and more attention to saving these days A the energies B a energy C an energy 52 2010 三明 What a fine day Shall we go hiking Bob I d love to But is s not the right I am busy now A placeB momentC weather 53 2010 天津 If you work hard you ll get good A gradesB notesC lessons D answers 54 2010 泰安 Lucy do you like Yes Most of my clothes are A an orange an orange B orange orange C oranges oranges D orange an orange 55 2010 青海 a desk 不定冠不定冠 词词an 用在以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前 如 用在以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前 如 an old man an actor an m 3 3 第一次提到某人或某物而非特指时 如 第一次提到某人或某物而非特指时 如 There is a book on the desk but the book isn t mine 4 4 表示人或事物的某一类 如 表示人或事物的某一类 如 An elephant is bigger than a tiger 5 5 用于表时间 速度 价格等意义的名词之前 有用于表时间 速度 价格等意义的名词之前 有 每一每一 的意思 相当的意思 相当every 如 如 three times a week 6 6 表示数量 有表示数量 有 一一 的意思 但数的概念没有的意思 但数的概念没有one强烈 强烈 I have a computer 7 7 用在序数词前 表示用在序数词前 表示 又一 再一又一 再一 I have three books I want to buy a fourth one 8 8 可视为一个整体的两个名词前可视为一个整体的两个名词前 eg a knife and fork 一副刀叉一副刀叉 9 9 用在某些固定词组中 如 用在某些固定词组中 如 have a good time have a swim have a cold half an hour a lot of after a while in a hurry for a long time a few a little at a time 2 定冠词 定冠词the的用法的用法 1 1 用来特指某人或某物 双方都知道的人或物的名词前如 用来特指某人或某物 双方都知道的人或物的名词前如 Open the door please 2 2 用于上文提到的某人或某物 用于上文提到的某人或某物 There is a kite on the wall The kite is new 3 3 表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前如 表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前如 the sun the moon the earth the Sky 4 4 用在序数词或形容词最高级前 如 用在序数词或形容词最高级前 如 March is the third month of a year He is the cleverest boy in his class 5 5 用在某些形容词前 用在某些形容词前 表示一类人 如 表示一类人 如 the rich the poor the young the old等 等 6 6 用在西洋乐器名词前 如 用在西洋乐器名词前 如 play the violin 7 7 用在表示方位的名词前 如 用在表示方位的名词前 如 in the east north west south 8 8 用在表示山脉 海洋 江河 湖泊 群岛 建筑物 名胜古迹等专有名词用在表示山脉 海洋 江河 湖泊 群岛 建筑物 名胜古迹等专有名词 或用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前 如 或用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前 如 the Yellow River the Great Wall the West Lake the White House等等 9 9 用在姓氏复数形式前 表示用在姓氏复数形式前 表示 全家人全家人 或或 夫妻俩夫妻俩 eg The Greens are watchingTV Now 10 10 用于形容词或副词比较级等构成用于形容词或副词比较级等构成 the the 的句式中 表示的句式中 表示 越越 越越 如 如 The more the better 11 11 用于固定搭配中 用于固定搭配中 all the same仍然 仍然 all the time一直 一直 at the moment此刻 此刻 at the same time同时 同时 by the way顺便说 顺便说 do the shopping washing买东西买东西 洗衣服 洗衣服 in the morning afternoon evening 在上午在上午 下午下午 晚上晚上in the open air 在户外 在野外在户外 在野外 3 零冠词的用法 零冠词的用法 1 棋类活动棋类活动 球类运动球类运动 一日三餐 学科名词前不用任何冠词一日三餐 学科名词前不用任何冠词 play chess play football have supper We all like English 特例 当特例 当football basketball指具体的某个球时指具体的某个球时 其前可以用冠词 其前可以用冠词 I can see a football 1 我可以看到一只足球 我可以看到一只足球 Where s the football 那只足球在哪儿 那只足球在哪儿 指足球 并非指足球 并非 球类球类 运动运动 2 称呼语前不用冠词 表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加冠词 如 I don t feel well today Mum This is Professor Li Hello Lily 3 在节假日 星期 月份 季节等名词前 用零冠词 如 Teachers Day Mother s Day on Monday in May in summer 但若指某年的某月份或某年的某季节 需在月份或季节前加the eg The winter in 2008 was very cold 4 名词前已有物主代词 my your his her等 指示代词 this these that those 不定代词 some any等 及名词所有格修饰时 不用冠词 my book 正 my the book 误 5 有些专有名词 如人名 地名 国家名 抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词 如 China Japanese milk love等 Jim lives in China 6 不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时前用零冠词 We can t live without water Horses are good animals 7 用在 专有名词 普通名词 构成的街名 路名 山名等名词前 Hainan Island Nanjing Road 8 by与火车等交通工具连用 用零冠词 eg by bus by train by car by bike 注意 take a bus on the bike in a boat 9 在某些固定搭配里 名词之前常不用冠词 QQ制作 如on foot at home at night from morning till night on time in time at first at last等 10 用与不用冠词的差异 in hospital住院 in the hospital在医院里 in front of在 外部的 前面 in the front of在 内部的 前面 at table进餐 at the table在桌子旁 by sea乘船 by the sea在 海边 go to school church 上学 做礼拜 go to the school church 到学校 教堂 去 two of us我们当中的两人 the two of us我们两人 共计两人 a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家 一个人 a teacher and a writer一位教师和一 位作家 两个人 中考演练 一 单项填空 1 This morning I had egg and a bottle of milk for my breakfast A an B a C the D 2 What s the matter with you I caught bad cold and had to stay in A a B a the C a a D the the 3 Have you seen pen I left it here this morning Is it black one I think I saw it somewhere A a the B the the C the a D a a 4 sun is shining brightly A A B An C The D 5 There is h in the word hour A a B the C an D 6 Did you enjoy your stay in Xian Yes I had wonderful time A a B an C the D 7 sun is bigger than earth A A the B A an C The an D The the 2 8 There is apple and some pears on the table A the B C a D an 9 David has cat It s very nice A a B an C the D 10 I m reading novel It is interesting story A a an B a a C the the D an 11It is said that SARS has killed more than people world wide A three hundreds B three hundreds C three hundred s Dthree hundred 12 How many workers are there in your factory There are two A hundreds B hundred C hundred of D hundreds of 13 Which is the smallest number of the four A Two thirds B A half C A quarter D Three fourths 14 What do you think of a war Li Ming I ve no idea But it s a fact that people had to leave th eir hometown during the War on Iraq A three thousands B thousand of C thousands of D several thousands 15 We all think that the century will bring us more hopes A twenty first B twentieth first C twenty one D twentieth one16 Can you write the number eighty five thousand six hundred and twenty six Yes it is A B 85626 C 58662 D 58626 17 When was the PRC founded It was founded on A July 1 1921 B October 1 1949 C August 1 1927 D May 1 I was 8 years old when my father was 31 This year my father is tw ice my age How old am I A 21 B 22 C 23 D 24 19 Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympics A Thousand B Thousands C Thousand of D Thousands of 20 Both of the two rulers are broken I want to buy a one A three B third C forth D 1 A 2 A 3 D 4 C 5 C 6 A 7 D 8 D 9 A 10 A 11 D 12 B 13 C 14 C 15 A 16 B 17 B 18 C 19 D 20 B 3 专题三 代词 一 一 人称代词 单数复数 主格宾格主格宾格 第一人称Imeweus 第二人称youyouyouyou 第三人称it she heit her himtheythem 1 主格作主语 宾格作表语或动词或介词的宾语 He teaches we Chinese I m waiting for you 介词的宾语 It s me 宾格做表语 2 三种人称代词并列充当主语时时 顺序为 单数 二 三 一 You she and I 复数 一 二 三 we you and they 注 若把责任担 第一人称最当先 即若做错事时 把第一人称放在最前面 eg She and I have been to Beijing 一般情况 Who broke the window I and Mike 承担责任 注 it 还有一些特别的用法 1 用在句型 It seems that 中 看起来像 2 用作形式主语 常用于 It s adj to do sth 句型中 做什么事情怎么样 QQ制作 3 用在句型 It s one s turn to do sth 中 轮到某人做sth 4 用在句型 It s time to do sth for sth 中 到了该做sth的时候 5 用在句型 It s adj that 从句 中 6 用作形式宾语 用来代替动词不定式 主语 make think feel find it adj 名词 to do sth I find it difficult to remember these wors 二 物主代词 物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词 第一人称第二人称第三人称 物主代词单数复数单数复数单数复数 形容词性myouryouryourits his hertheir 名词性mineoursyoursyoursits his herstheirs 1 形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词 一般不单独使用 eg My name is Tom 形容词性 物主代词 2 名词性物主代词 后面不能加名词 名词性物主代词常与of 连用 He is a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 eg Our classroom is as big as they This is a friend of my 注 1 名词性物主代词 形容词性物主代词 名词 上题中mine my friends 2 形容词性物主代词与own 连用时 后面可跟名词也可不跟名词 My own house a house of my own 三 反身代词 某某自己 亲自 单数复数 第一人称myself ourselves 第二人称yourselfyourselves 第三人称himself herself itselfthemselves 记忆小窍门 反身代词有规律 第三人称宾格加self 其余都要物主加self 复数ves来把f 替 反身代词的常用搭配 enjoy oneself过得愉快 hurt oneself受伤 teach oneself learn by oneslf自学 help oneself to 随便吃 用 look after oneself leave sb by oneself 让某人独自留下 dress oneself某人自己穿衣服 improve oneself提高某人自己 四 指示代词 单数thisthat 1 指示代词的用法 1 this these 指较近的事和人 This is my pen These are my books 指下文提到的事 eg Please remember this No pains no gains 2 that those 指较远的事和人 That is her sister Those are her sisters 指上面刚提到的事情eg He was ill That s why he didn t go to school 2 注意 that those 常用来代替前面出现的人或物 以避免重复 That代替可数名词的单数 或不可数名词 Those 代替复数名词 The weather in Guangdong is hotter than in Qinghai The books in that shop are cheaper than in this shop A this B that C one D those 1 3 在电话用语中 this 代替自己 而that 代替对方 eg This is Tom speaking 我是汤姆 Who is that 你是谁 五 疑问代词 P93考点五 用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词 通常位于句首 引出特殊 疑问句 如 who 作主语 表语 宾语但不能放介词后Who wants to go with me whom who 的宾格形式 作宾语 To whom are you talking whose who 的所有格形式 作定语 Whose wallet is this 这是谁的钱包 what 可询问职业 What s your father He is a teacher who 可询问身份和姓名 Who is the boy in red He is Jim what 指不定数目中的那一个 什么 哪一些 无范围 What would you like which 哪一个 指在一定范围内特指的人或物 Which bike is yours 哪辆自行车是你 的 六 不定代词的区别 1 one与it 的区别 One 代替同类事物中的一种 而it代替上文中出现的某事物 This book is a good one May I borrow it 2 some与any 的区别 一般情况下 some用于肯定句 any用于否定 疑问句 He asked me for some paper but I didn t have any 但在疑问句中 若要表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或表示请求 建议时应用some 此 类句型常以could would开头或what about how about 的句中 May I have some water 希望得到肯定的回答 3 many与much的区别 Many 可数名词的复数 Much 不可数名词 都相当于 a lot of 复数名词 不可数名词 注 a lot of 常不用于否定句中 否定句中用many much 4 a few few a little little 的区别 例题 His story is easy to read there are new words in it Hurry up There is time left 5 each every 的区别 each 强调个体 表示两者或两者以上 的人或物中的每一个 every 强调整体 表示三者或三者以上的 人或物中的每一个 There are trees and frowers on side of the street student has read a story each 可以与of 连用 each of 作主语时 谓语动词用单数 而every 不能与of 连用 只能放在名词前作定语 Each of us study hard 6 no one 与none 的区别 no one 指人 表示没有人 不能与of 连用 谓语常用单数 none of 复数名词 代词 作主语时 既指人又可指物 谓语常用单数 The boys were all tired but of them stopped to have a rest 更多资料QQ制作 7 both neither either all none any 的区别 复数thesethose