七年级下册英语语法

1 七年级下册英语语法七年级下册英语语法 一 情态动词的用法一 情态动词的用法 1 Can 情态动词 can 有一定的词义 但不能独立存在 它必须与动词原形一起构成谓语 情态动词 can 没有人称和数的变化 其具体用法如下 1 表示 能 会 指脑力或体力方面的 能力 例如 I can speak English 我会讲 英语 Jim can swim but I can t 吉姆会游泳 但我不会 2 表示 可能 常用于否定句或疑问句中 指某种可能性 例如 Han Mei can t be in the classroom 韩梅不可能在教室里 Can he come here today please 请 问他今天能到这里来吗 3 表示 可以 常用于口语中 指许可或请求做某事 例如 Can I have a cup of tea please 请问我可以喝一杯茶吗 You can go out 你可以出去了 补充 can 在口语中可以代替 may 表示许可或可以 can t 在口语中代替 mustn t 时 表示禁止或不准 例如 You can t play football in the street 不准在马路上踢足球 情态动词 can 的过去式 could 用于现在时 可使语气更委婉 更客气 例如 Could you help me with my English 你能帮助我学习英语吗 情态动词 can 的 基本句型 1 肯定句型为 主语 can 动词原形 其它 例如 They can play basketball 他 们能打篮球 She can dance 她会跳舞 You can go to watch TV 你可以去看电视了 2 否定句型为 主语 can not can t cannot 动词原形 其它 表示 某人不能 不会 不可能 做 其中 can t 是 can not 的缩略式 英国多写成 cannot 例如 You cannot pass the ball like this 你不能像这样传球 I can t ride a motorbike 我不会骑摩托车 3 疑问句句型分为 一般疑问句句型和特殊疑问句句型两种类型 一般疑问 句句型为 Can 主语 动词原形 其它 表示 某人会 能 可以 做 吗 用 于口语时 常表示请求或许可 其肯定答语用 Yes 主语 can 作答 否定答语用 No 主语 can t 作答 注意答语中作主语的人称代词 应根据问句中的主语作 2 相应的变化 其变化规则为 第一人称问 则第二人称答 第二人称问 则第一人称 答 第三人称问 第三人称答 例如 Can you sing an English song for us 你可以为我们大家唱一首英语歌吗 Yes 行 注意在 Yes 后面常省略 I can Can I skate 我可以滑冰吗 Yes you can 可以 Can she climb hills 她能爬山吗 No she can t 不 她不能 特殊疑问句句型为 a Who can 动词原形 其它 该句型中 who 相当于主语 例如 Who can sing in English in your class 你们班上谁会用英语唱歌 Lily can 莉莉会 b 特殊疑问词 作定语 名词 can 主语 动词原形 其它 该句型中的特殊疑 问词常用 how many how much 等 例如 How many boats can you see in the river 你能看见河中有多少只船吗 Only one boat 仅有一只 c 特殊疑问词 can 主语 动词原形 其它 该句型中的特殊疑问词常用 what where when 等 一般用肯定陈述句作答 例如 What can you see in the picture 你能在图画中看到什么 I can see some birds and two big trees in it 我能看到一些鸟儿和两棵大树 单项选择 15 分 1 My sister likes playing the guitar but she can t play A nice B good C well 2 Are you good swimming Yes and I think I can help kids it A with in B with with C at with 3 He wants the English club A to join B to be C be in 4 My father can t play basketball He can play piano A the the B the C the 5 Why do you want to the English club Because Mr Li in the club is good us A have with B join with C join at 3 6 My brother doesn t like playing basketball watching TV A and B but C or 7 Can you speak Chinese Tom Yes but only A lots of B many C a little 8 do you want to join The music club A What club B When C What 9 Hi Can I help you I want to join the club A No thanks a lot B Great C Yes please 10 He can do Chinese kung fu well A Can he do Chinese kung fu B What can he do C Does he want to join the Chinese kung fu club 11 What can you do I can A play the guitar B play violin C swimming D join the club 12 Can Tom help kids swimming Yes can A x B with C for D to 13 do you want to join the chess club Because I like chess very much A Who B How C Why D What 14 What is the first day of the week A Monday B Friday C Saturday D Sunday 15 I can swim well I want to join the club A music B chess C swimming D musician 1 Gina wants to j the music club 2 Can you s English 3 I can play the guitar but can t play the p 4 Can you h kids with swimming 4 用所给单词适当形式填空 41 Can you help kids with dance Yes I can 42 They want join the baseball club 43 Can you sing 44 The girl likes music She wants to be a music 45 Do you want to join the swim club 46 Are you good with kid Jim 47He wants to join the dance club 48 She can play basketball 49 She can help I with I English 50 I need buy a pen 现在进行时现在进行时 1 定义 表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作 常与 now these days 等时间状 语连用 句首有 Look Listen 等提示语 I m visiting my friends now Look He is sitting there 2 基本结构 be 动词 am is are 动词的现在分词 构成 动词 ing 肯定句 be doing 否定句 be not doing 一般疑问句 Be 动词 提前到句子开头 主语 doing 记忆口诀 现在进行主动宾 be 动词 ing 要记清 助动词 am is are 跟着 主语变 am is are ing 变疑问 助动词 am is are 后主语跟 变否定 助动词 am is are 后 not 跟 例句 肯定句 I am working He is working They are working 否定 句 I am not working He is not working They are not working 疑问 句 Are you working Is he working Are they working 回 答 Yes I am Yes he is Yes they are No I m not No he isn t No they aren t 注意 现在进行时的特殊用法 5 1 现在进行时与 always 连用时 往往含有赞扬 厌恶 责备等感情色彩 如 He is always working hard 他总是非常努力地工作 表示赞扬 2 come go begin start leave 等动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作 She is leaving China tomorrow I m going to school 3 现在分词的 变法规则 当我们说某人正在做什么事时 动词要使用分词形式 不能用原形 构成如下 一 一般在后加一 一般在后加 ing 如 sing singing see seeing play playing go going do doing 二 以不发音二 以不发音 e 的结尾的去掉的结尾的去掉 e 再加再加 ing 如 write writing have having come coming 来 close closing 关 make making 制造 ride riding 骑 write writing 写 take taking 拿走 have having 有 三 以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母 一个辅音字母要双写最后的辅音字母三 以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母 一个辅音字母要双写最后的辅音字母 再加再加 ing 如 put putting run running get getting let letting begin beginning sit sitting cut cutting 切 shop shopping 购物 begin beginning 开始 forget forgetting 忘记 stop stopping 停止 travel travelling 旅行 begin beginning 开始 swim swimming 游泳 run running 跑步 put putting 放 let letting 让 get getting 得到 四 以四 以 ie 结尾的变结尾的变 ie 为为 y 再加再加 ing 如 tie tying 系 die dying 死 lie lying 位于 现在进行时态专项练习 一 写出下列动词的现在分词形式 stay do listen forget refuse close travel die work spend look make put sit run tie take give ride please win begin open lie 二 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1 Mary and Lucy are dance now 2 Listen Someone is play the piano in the next room 3 He is sweep the floor at the moment 4 Look The cat eat the fish on the table 6 5 A you study French B Yes I am 6 She often dance after school 7 My father and mother swim in the pond 8 My sister is fly a kite in the garden 9 We are watch TV now 10 Be quiet The baby sleep now 三 单选 1 Look He their mother do the housework A is helping B are help C is help D is helpping 2 are the boys doing They are singing in the room A Who B How C What D Where 3 Don t talk here My mother A is sleeping B are sleeping C Sleeping D sleep 4 Danny Don t call him A is writeing B is writing C writing D writes 5 When he back Sorry I don t know A does come B are coming C is come D is coming 6 Who over there now A singing B are sing C is singing D sing 7 It s eight o clock The students an English class A have B having C is having D are having 8 Listen The baby in the next room A crying B cried C is crying D cries 9 Look The twins new sweaters A are wearing B wearing C are wear D is wearing 10 Don t talk here Grandparents 7 A is sleeping B are sleeping C sleeping D sleep 11 Tom is a worker He in a factory His sisters in a hospital A work work B works work C work works 12 Who English best in your class A speak B speaks C Speaking 13 Mrs Read the windows every day A is cleaning B clean C cleans 14 We music and often to music A like listen B likes listens C like are listening 15 She up at six in the morning A get B gets C getting 16 On Sundays he sometimes his clothes and sometimes some shopping A wash do B is washing is doing C washes does 17 The twins usually milk and bread for breakfast but Jim some coffee for it A have have B have has C has have 语法语法一般过去时句式 一 一般过去时的概念 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 常和表示过去的时间 状语连用 如 last year yesterday in 1990 two days ago 等 也可表示过去 经常反复发生的动作 常和 often always 等频率副词连用 例如 I saw him in the street yesterday 昨天我在街上看见他了 Li Mei always went to school on foot last year 去年李梅总是步行上学 二 一般过去时的构成 1 be 动词的一般过去时的构成 第一人称单数和第三人称单数用 was 其余人称用 were 例如 8 I was ten years old at that time There were many people standing in front of the door 2 实义动词的一般 过去时的构成 1 规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则 一般在动词原形末尾直接加上一般在动词原形末尾直接加上 ed 如 look looked work worked jump jumped stay stayed 以不发音的字母以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词 直接加结尾的动词 直接加 d 如 live lived close closed dance danced 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节 先双写这个辅音字母 再加末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节 先双写这个辅音字母 再加 ed 如 如 stop stopped shop shopped prefer preferred 末尾是辅音字母末尾是辅音字母 加加 y 结尾的动词 先变结尾的动词 先变 y 为为 i 然后再加 然后再加 ed 如 study studied try tried 2 不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆 不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆 如 am is was are were go went come came take took have has had 3 一般过去时的几种句型 1 be 动词的一般过去时的句型 肯定句结构为 主语 was were 其它 如 I was at home yesterday They were really happy at the party 否定句结构为 主语 was not wasn t were not weren t 其它 如 I wasn t at home yesterday They weren t happy at the party 一般疑问句结构为 Was Were 主语 其它 如 Were you at home yesterday Yes I was No I wasn t Were they happy at the party Yes they were No they weren t 特殊疑问句结构为 疑问词 was were 主语 其它 9 如 Where were you last night We were at my uncle s house How was your weekend It was great 2 实义动词的一般过去时的句型 肯定句结构为 主语 动词的过去式 其它 如 He went to the toy store yesterday We took some pictures in the park 否定句结构为 主语 did not didn t 动词原形 其它 如 He didn t go to the toy store yesterday We didn t take any pictures in the park 一般疑问句结构为 Did 主语 动词原形 其它 如 Did you go to Beijing last week Yes I did No I didn t Did he meet the businessman before No he didn t Yes he did 特殊疑问句结构为 疑问词 did 主语 动词原形 其它 如 What did you do last night I did my homework Where did you go last week I went to Shanghai with my parents Exercises 一 按要求完成下列句子 1 The children are having a good time in the park 用 last Sunday 改写 The children a good time in the park 2 Last week I read an English book 改为否定句 Last week I an English book 3 There were about nine hundred people at the concert 否定句 一般疑问句 对划线部分提问 4 There was only one problem 否定句 一般疑问句 对划线部分提问 10 5 Ann did her homework yesterday evening 否定句 一般疑问句 对划线部分提问 6 My brother was in the park just now 否定句 一般疑问句 对划线部分提问 7 She had some bread for lunch today 否定句 一般疑问句 对划线部分提问 二 用动词的适当形式填空 1 I have an exciting party last weekend 2 she practice her guitar yesterday No she 3 What Tom do last Saturday evening He watch TV and read an interesting boo