中考语法名词

名词名词 一一 名词的分类名词的分类 个体名词 集体名词 是一些人或物的总称 作主语时可用复形谓语动词 普通名词 物质名词 是无法分为个体的实物 名词 抽象名词 是动作 状态 品质等抽象概念的名称 专有名词 是个别人 地以及专门机构或团体的名称 可数名词 名词 不可数名词 名词检测名词检测 1 写出下列词的复数 house brush city match Englishman box baby actory woman roof German man doctor glass Swiss hero Japanese belief family deer tomato piano apple tree child Frenchman sheep tooth book shop mouse bus wife proof potato The singer and writer come from China 可数名词复数的变化规则可数名词复数的变化规则 A 一般情况下 在单数名词的后面加一般情况下 在单数名词的后面加 s 如 game games boy boys B 以 以 s x sh ch 结尾的单数名词变复数 在词尾加结尾的单数名词变复数 在词尾加 es 如 box boxes bus buses peach peaches dish dishes C 以 以 o 结尾 表示有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加结尾 表示有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加 es 表示没有生命的事物的单数名词变复数 表示没有生命的事物的单数名词变复数 加加 s 如 potato potatoes tomato tomatoes photo photos piano pianos 等 可以巧记为 Negroes and heroes like to eat potatoes and tomatoes 黑人和英雄喜欢吃马铃薯和西红柿 D 以辅音字母加 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的单数名词变复数 将结尾的单数名词变复数 将 y 改成改成 i 后再加后再加 es 如 factory factories story stories family families E 以以 一一 f f 或或 fe fe 结尾的名词变为复数时 变结尾的名词变为复数时 变 一一 f f 或一或一 fe fe 为为 V V 再加 再加 es es 的 初中英语中的 初中英语中 主要有下列单词 主要有下列单词 leafleaf 树叶 树叶 halfhalf 半 半 selfself 自己 自己 wifewife 妻子 妻子 knifeknife 刀子 刀子 shelfshelf 架子 架子 wolfwolf 狼 狼 thiefthief 小偷 小偷 lifelife 生命 可以巧记为 生命 可以巧记为 树叶半数自己黄 妻子操刀去割粮 架后窜出一只狼 就像小偷逃命忙 以以 f 或或 fe 结尾的名词变为复数时 只加一结尾的名词变为复数时 只加一 s 的 初中英语中主要有如下单词 的 初中英语中主要有如下单词 gulf 海湾 海湾 roof 屋顶 屋顶 chief 首领 首领 serf 奴仆 奴仆 belief 信仰 信仰 proof 证据 可以巧记为 证据 可以巧记为 海湾边 屋顶上 首领奴仆两相望 谁说他们无信仰 证据又是谁人详 不规则变化 1 man men woman women Policeman policemen fireman firemen Spaceman spacemen Englishman Englishmen Frenchman Frenchmen 2 Foot feet Tooth teeth Goose geese Child children mouse mice 3 国籍国籍 Chinese Chinese Japanese Japanese Swiss Swiss Englishman Englishmen Frenchman Frenchmen German Germans Russian Russians American Americans Australian Australians Indian Indians Canadian Canadians 巧记口诀 中日 加瑞士 不变 英法变 其余巧记口诀 中日 加瑞士 不变 英法变 其余 s 加后面加后面 4 单复数同形 单复数同形 sheep sheep deer deer people people Fish 三种情况 5 除人民币元 角 分外 美元 英镑 法郎等都有复数形式 如除人民币元 角 分外 美元 英镑 法郎等都有复数形式 如 a dollar two dollars a meter two meters 6 有些名词虽以有些名词虽以 s 结尾 但表达的是单数意义 如结尾 但表达的是单数意义 如 news maths politics physics the United States 等等 1 maths politics physics 等学科名词 为不可数名词 是单数 2 news 是不可数名词 3 the United States the United Nations 应视为单数 7 单复数意思变化的单复数意思变化的 8 做可数与不可数时 意义不同的词有 做可数与不可数时 意义不同的词有 room 可数 房间 不可数 空间 orange 可数 橘子 不可数 橙汁 9 表示由两部分构成的东西 如 表示由两部分构成的东西 如 glasses 眼镜眼镜 trousers clothes shoes scissors 若表达具体数目 要借助数量词 pair 对 双 suit 套 a pair of glasses two pairs of trousers 10 名词名词 名词构成的复合名词的复数名词构成的复合名词的复数 由 名词 名词 构成的复合名词 把复数词尾放在一个名词上 an apple tree apple trees a match box match boxes man 和 woman 构成的复合名词变复数时 两个名词都要变 a man doctor men doctors a woman drive women drivers 11 复合名词的复数形式 复合名词的复数形式 1 一般将主体名词变为复数一般将主体名词变为复数 Mother in law mothers in law 岳母 passer by passers by 过路人 Editor in chief editors in chief 主编 2 无主体名词构成的复合词无主体名词构成的复合词 在词尾加在词尾加 s Go between go betweens 中间人 媒人 grown up grown ups 成年人 3 将两个组成部分皆变为复数 这种复合名词第一个名词必须是将两个组成部分皆变为复数 这种复合名词第一个名词必须是 man 或或 woman 如 man doctor men doctors 男医生 woman teacher women teachers 4 名词做定语以单数形式存在 名词做定语以单数形式存在 man woman 例外 例外 如 a stone bridge a meeting room 但是 a man doctor two men doctors 不可数名词不可数名词 1 可数名词才有单数与复数的区别 不可数名词没有复数形式 可数名词才有单数与复数的区别 不可数名词没有复数形式 2 不可数名词的谓语动词只能用单数形式 不可数名词的谓语动词只能用单数形式 3 有些名词即可做可数名词 也可做不可数名词 但是意思不同 有些名词即可做可数名词 也可做不可数名词 但是意思不同 room 可数 房间 不可数 空间 orange 可数 橘子 不可数 橙汁 4 不可数名词的修饰词 不可数名词的修饰词 可以修饰不可数名词的词或短语 a lot of lots of some a little little much 翻译 Work works Water waters time times good goods glass glasses sand sands wood woods 一张报纸 两条新闻 三碗饭 四瓶水 五杯橘子汁 六片面包 注意事项 注意事项 people 作作 人们人们 讲时 看作复数 不能在其后加讲时 看作复数 不能在其后加 s 谓语动词用复数形式 谓语动词用复数形式 family class 是集是集 体名词 既指单数 又指复数 谓语动词可用单数亦可用复数 具体根据语境而定 体名词 既指单数 又指复数 谓语动词可用单数亦可用复数 具体根据语境而定 常见的集体名词 people police cattle youth public staff crew crowd f team class group couple army 有些名词以有些名词以 s 结尾 但表达的是单数意义 结尾 但表达的是单数意义 例如 news maths politics physics 学科名词 the United States 等 表示由两部分构成表示由两部分构成 成双成对形式出现的名词成双成对形式出现的名词 的东西 的东西 如 glasses 眼镜 trousers clothes 谓语用复数 但是若表达具体数目 要借助数量词但是若表达具体数目 要借助数量词 pair 对 双对 双 suit 套套 a pair of glasses two pairs of trousers 这时要根据量词来判断 the 姓氏复数姓氏复数 表示表示 一家人或夫妇二人一家人或夫妇二人 例如 the Greens 格林一家 格林夫妇 the Blacks 布莱克一家 布莱克夫妇 the Smiths 史密斯一 家 史密斯夫妇 年份前面加年份前面加 the 后面加一 后面加一 s 表示年代 表示年代 例如 the 1980s 20 世纪 80 年代 名词检测名词检测 2 汤姆的车 丽丽和露西各自的书包 丽丽和露西的爸爸 父亲节 儿童节 教师节 妇女节 中国地图 门的钥匙 两分钟的路程 我爸爸的一个朋友 名词所有格名词所有格 1 表示人或物所属关系时表示人或物所属关系时 我们就需要使用名词所有格 我们就需要使用名词所有格 如 奶奶的房子 表示为 grandma s house 2 名词所有格的构成有以下规则 名词所有格的构成有以下规则 A 一般情况下 在名词的末尾加 一般情况下 在名词的末尾加 s 构成 构成 如 Mike s bike 迈克的自行车 Tom s books 汤姆的书 B 以 以 s 结尾的复数名词的所有格 只在其末尾加结尾的复数名词的所有格 只在其末尾加 如 my parents car 我父母的车 our teachers books 我们老师的书 C 表示几个人共同拥有的东西时 只在最后一个名字上加所有格 表示几个人共同拥有的东西时 只在最后一个名字上加所有格 如 Jenny and Joan s bedroom 詹妮和琼共同拥有的卧室 但如果是分别拥有的东西就要在每个名字上加所有格但如果是分别拥有的东西就要在每个名字上加所有格 如 Tim s and Jack s toy cars 提姆和杰的玩具车 D 没有生命的东西的所有格 我们通常用 没有生命的东西的所有格 我们通常用 of 名词名词 的方式来表示 的方式来表示 如 The window of the classroom 教室的窗户 the capital of China 中国的首都 The weather of ShangHai 上海的天气 注意 门的钥匙 the key to the door 问题的答案 the answer to the question E 表示时间 距离 国家 城市的无生命名词 可以在词尾加表示时间 距离 国家 城市的无生命名词 可以在词尾加 s 或或 表示所有格表示所有格 如 today s papers 今天的报纸 ten minutes walk 十分钟的路程 注意 注意 数词 分号 可数名词单数可数名词单数也可以做前置定语前置定语 十分钟的路程 a ten minute walk 三条腿的桌子 a three leg table 十岁的男孩 a ten year old boy 100 米赛跑 a 100 meter race F 表示店铺或某人的家时 常在名词所有格之后省去表示店铺或某人的家时 常在名词所有格之后省去 shop house home At the tailor s 在裁缝店 at a chemist s 在药店 G 被修饰名词前有不定冠词 指示代词 疑问代词 不定代词或数词等限定词时 一般只能用双重被修饰名词前有不定冠词 指示代词 疑问代词 不定代词或数词等限定词时 一般只能用双重 所有格 双重所有格结构前的被修饰名词通常指整体中的部分或一个 双重所有格只能用于有生命所有格 双重所有格结构前的被修饰名词通常指整体中的部分或一个 双重所有格只能用于有生命 的名词 这个名词是确定的 的名词 这个名词是确定的 如 an old friend of my uncle s 我叔叔的一个老朋友 a daughter of Mrs Green s 格林先生的一个女儿 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 练习巩固练习巩固 1 A new study proves a walk every day is enough to keep away from becoming fat A 30 minute B 30 minute s C 30 minutes 2 Is there any on the table A noodles B sugar C dumplings D Oranges 3 You are not a rich man or a famous person But in my heart you are one of the greatest in the world A businessmen B man C men D person 4 Canadians speak and A Italian Japanese B English Chinese C German Russian D French English 5 Where do you come from I come from I am an A Japan Japanese B America American C England English D Australian Australian 6 How many are there in your factory A German B Japanese C Australian D Englishmans 7 There are three in my family A people B person C peoples D child 8 What s in the There are some and in them A photos potatos radios B photos potatoes radios C photoes potatos radios D Photos potatoes radioes 9 Three and two are going to visit our school next Monday A Japanese American B Japaneses American C Japaneses Americans D Japaneses Americans 10 Good news We will have a holiday I ve heard of it But it s coming in A three days three days time B three days three days C three day three days D three days three day time 11 Please keep quiet If you make a lot of the others can t hear me clearly A music B voice C sound D noise 12 How far is your cousin s home from here It s about two drive A hour s B hours C hours D hour 13 We don t have enough nurses to look after the patients At least are needed A ten another nurses B more ten nurses C other ten nurses D another ten nurses 14 What s in the cupboard A few but little A apples coffee B coffee apples C apple coffees D coffees apple 15 It is five years since we began to enjoy a spring holiday each year A ten day B ten day C ten day s D ten days 16 Last Saturday I met in the supermarket A a friend of my B a friend of mine C one of my friend D one friend of me 17 William could not offer MP4 because he had money with him A a few B much C little D few 18 Good morning madam Can I help you Sure I d like for cooking vegetables A two cups of coffee B three pieces of bread C one bowl of dumplings D five kilos of oil 19 After ten years all these kids became A growns ups B grows up C grown up D grown ups 20 Five kilometers a long way for the children A is B are C have D has 21 My mother with my two brothers gone to Beijing They will be back next week A is B are C has D have 22 mothers could not go to the meeting because they have gone to Chengdu A Li Lei and Lucy s B Li lei s and Lucy s C Li Lei and Lucy D Li Lei s and Lucy 23 Where are the bags A childrens B children s C children of D of children 24 I want to find a shop which sells only A men s shoes B men shoes C man s shoes D the shoes of men 25 I love the two behind our house A apple tree B apple trees C apples trees D apples tree 26 There are two in the city A car s factory B car s factories C factories of car s D car factories 27 I have two in my pencil box A knife B knifes C knives D a knife 28 How many are there in your factory A German B Japanese C Australian D Englishmans 29 What s in the There are some and in them A photos potatos radios B photos potatoes radios C photoes potatos radios D Photos potatoes radioes 30 A large number of cut down A trees is B wood is C wood are D trees are Reading comprehension A Mr King worked in a factory He liked playing soccer and spent much time on it so he was sometimes late for work His boss was so angry that he fired Mr King Mr King couldn t find another job Finally he got into trouble and lived a difficult life One of his friends felt sorry for him and introduced him to a headmaster whose school was just in need of swimming coaches Mr King began to teach the school children to swim He wasn t a good coach Two months later the children learned nothing Few of them could swim It was a hot Saturday The children wouldn t stay in the classroom and wanted to swim in the river Mr King failed to stop them Before they started he drew a red line below the knee of each child He said to them Come out of the river at once if the water reaches the line 26 Why did the boss fire Mr King A Because Mr King didn t like his job B Because Mr King was ill C Because Mr King talked too much D Because Mr King was sometimes late for work 27 Mr King couldn t find another job and his life was A happy B hard C relaxing D free 28 Who helped Mr King find a job in a school A The boss of the factory B His friend C The school children D Nobody 29 Two months later the children learned nothing because A Mr King taught them to play soccer B they didn t like swimming at all C they were afraid of water D Mr King was a poor coach 30 Mr King so he drew a red line below the knee of each child A didn t want the children to swim B wanted to make the children look funny C wanted to make the children happy D wanted to help the children swim better B 2011 is special year for all the people in Shenzhen The 26th World Universidad will be held in the city from August 12th to 23rd As we all know Start Here is the slogan of this great event Does anyone know that a new life of two giant pandas will start here as well Shenzhen is expecting the pair of pandas for the Summer Universidad The pandas a male and a female from Wolong Panda Research Center in Sichuan Province will be Universidad Pandas just like Asian Games Pandas and Olympic Pandas Shenzhen Safari Park will rebuild its panda house to welcome the pandas The panda house has been empty since another panda Yongba 25 was returned to Sichuan in 2009 because it was too old How old are the Universiade Pandas What are their names What are they like What are their living habits We will find out the answers in June when they arrive 31 The 26th World Universidad will begin on A August 12th B August 23rd C September 12th D September 23rd 32 The pair of pandas comes from A Shenzhen B Sichuan C Guangzhou D Beijing 33 Yongba is a n A Universidad panda B Asian Games Panda C Olympic panda D panda that used to live in Shenzhen Safari Park 34 From the passage we can know the of the Universidad Pandas A arrival time B ages C names D living habits 35 The passage tells us that A the slogan of the 26th World Universidad is Just Do It B there will be two male pandas coming to Shenzhen C Yongba left Shenzhen in 2009 D Wolong Panda Research Center will build a panda house for the Universiade Pandas C Fish and apple soup Yes and you won t believe how delicious it is This first came out of a restaurant in Singapore but it is now very popular as the soup du jour in Chinese restaurants Ingredients serves 4 1 whole fish 2 apples quartered 4 6 ginger slices 姜片 1 bunch of spring onions cut into pieces 1red tomato cut into 8 pieces Oil salt and pepper Methods 1 Remove the bones from the fish 2 Pour oil into a pan Fry the ginger slices and the spring onions Add the fish bones and fry 3 Add enough water and boil it for about 15 to 20 minutes 4 Add the apples the fish and the tomato When the apples go soft add salt and pepper 36 This passage is probably A a poem B a piece of news C a story D a recipe 37 The name of the soup in Chinese restaurants is A du jour soup B tomato soup C onion soup D ginger soup 38 The underlined word quartered means A 榨汁 B 切成四份 C 洗净 D 剁碎 39 If you want to cook the soup for 8 people you will need red tomato es A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 40 In what order should you add the ingredients while cooking the soup A apples fish and tomato ginger slices and spring onions oil fish bones B oil fish bones ginger slices and spring onions apples fish and tomato C oil ginger slices and spring onions fish bones apples fish and tomato D ginger slices and spring onions fish bones apples fish and tomato oil D Friday January 28 2011 China s world number seven Li Na became the first Chinese tennis player to reach a Grand Slam final at this year s Australian Open It was the first match easy or tough Nothing between said Li who has defeated Zahlavpva Strycova on her way to the Australian Open final Tuesday March 5 2011 Besides China more than 70 countries have offered Japan help after the earthquake Two US search and rescue teams with 144 stuff and 12 dogs have begun work The southern Afghan city of Kandahar announced it would donate 捐赠 50 000 to die brothers and sisters of Japan Thursday May 19 2011 Canada pop star Justin Bieber got a hugely disappointing greeting when he arrived in Hong Kon8 on Wednesday Just seven fans showed up at the city s airport to greet Bieber Bieber s concert one of the last shows in his My World tour is on Friday in Hong Kong Monday May 30 2011 A serious drought aloft the Yang River has affected over 34 million people leaving farmers and livestocks 牲畜 without water Over 4 23 million people are having difficulty finding enough drinking water while more than 5 million need help to tight against the drought 41 Li Na A is one of the top table tennis players in the world B is the first player to reach a Grand Slam final C didn t say anything about the match D beat Zahlavaya Strycova on her way to the Australian Open final 42 Two search and rescue teams from have begun work in Japan A Australia B the US C the UK D Afghanistan 43 Justin Bibber might feel when he arrived at Hong Kong airport A disappointed B happy C excited D bored 44 When a drought happens people are short of A money B oil C food D water 45 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the news A An Afghan city of Kandahar will donate 50 000 to Japan B More than 4 23 million people find it difficult to get enough drinking water C All the Chinese were proud of Li Na after she won the match D The concert Bibber will have in Hong Kong is one of his last shows in his My World tour E Look closely at your hands Are they clean It doesn t matter how many times you wash your hands tiny microbes 微生物 still stay on them But don t worry Most microbes don t harm you Now scientists say the microbes on our hands could be used in a surprising way fighting crime According to a r