过去分词的用法20129

1 过去分词的用法过去分词的用法 一 过去分词作状语一 过去分词作状语 弄清过去分词作状语的最基本特点 过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作弄清过去分词作状语的最基本特点 过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作 不及物不及物 动词的过去分词不表示被动 只表示完成动词的过去分词不表示被动 只表示完成 例如 Written in a hurry this article was not so good 导悟 文章是被写的 而且已经被写 提醒 提醒 有些过去分词因来源于系表结构 作状语时不表被动而表主动 这样的过去分词 及短语常见的有 lost 迷路 seated 坐 hidden 躲 lost absorbed in 沉于 born 出身于 dressed in 穿着 tired of 厌烦 Lost Absorbed in deep thought he didn t hear the sound 因沉迷于思考之中 他没有听到那个声音 Born in this beautiful town he hates to leave it 出生于这个美丽的小镇 他不愿意离开它 明确过去分词作状语时的逻辑主语 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语 此明确过去分词作状语时的逻辑主语 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语 此 时应注意人称一致 时应注意人称一致 例 1 the earth to be flat many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge A Believed B Believing C Believed D Being believed 本句意思为 相信地球是平的 许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去 许多人与相信 之间是主谓关系 即分词与主语之间为主谓关系 因此 应用现在分词 答案为 B 例 2 He looked tired and depressed visibly disturbed by the news of his mother s illness 导悟 导悟 分词在句子中作状语 使用何种分词 要取决于分词与句子主语的关系 主谓关 系用现在分词 动宾或被动关系用过去分词 例 3 Given another hour I can also work out this problem 导悟 导悟 given 为过去分词作状语 它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I 即 I 被再给一小时 例 4 Seen from the top of the hill the city looks more beautiful to us 导悟 导悟 seen 为过去分词作状语 表 被看 由语境可知 它的逻辑主语必须是城市 而 不是 我们 因为 我们 应主动看城市 过去分词作状语的由来 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句 和过去分词作状语的由来 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句 和 ing 分词作状语一样 分词作状语一样 也可以表示时间 原因 条件 让步 方式或伴随情况等 也可以表示时间 原因 条件 让步 方式或伴随情况等 例 1 Caught in a heavy rain he was all wet 表原因 表原因 导悟 导悟 caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词作原因状语 它来源于原因状语从句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain 例 2 Accepted by the Party he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party 表时间表时间 入党以后 他决定献身于党的事业 例 3 Compared with your brother you should make greater efforts to study English 表条件 表条件 相当于一个条件状语从句相当于一个条件状语从句 和你哥哥相比 你应该更加努力学习英语 例 4 Though warned of the storm the farmers were still working in the fields Though they had been warned 表让步 相当于一个表让步 相当于一个 though although 引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句 例 5 Seated at the table my father and I were talking about my job 表方式或伴随情况表方式或伴随情况 2 我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题 特别提醒特别提醒 1 状语从句改为过去分词有时还可保留连词 构成 连词 过去分词 结构作 状语 while when once until if though 等连词 过去分词 结构 Once recovered he threw himself to work and made every effort to do it well When given a medical examination you should keep calm 特别提醒特别提醒 2 过去分词作状语时 它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致 例如 When asked why he came here the boy kept silent 特别提醒特别提醒 3 明确过去分词作状语的位置 过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语 后面常用 逗号隔开 也可放在主句后面 前面用逗号与主句隔开 如 He stood there silently moved to tears Moved to tears he stood there silently 二 过去分词作表语二 过去分词作表语 过去分词作表语时总是用在连系动词之后 构成系表结构 表示主语所处的状态 She looked disappointed 她看上去很失望 We were encouraged at the news 听到这个消息 我们都很受鼓舞 His response to the question was quite disappointing I felt disappointed at his response 提醒 过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体 过去分词作表语表示主语的状态 被 动语态则表示被动的动作 如 The road is covered with fallen leaves 表状态 The road is covered by the fallen leaves 表动作 特别提醒特别提醒 过去分词和现在分词作表语的区别 过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受 而现在分词作表语多表示主语所具有 的特征 如 Hearing the news we felt very surprised 听到那个消息 我们感到很惊 讶 The news is very surprising 这个消息很令人惊讶 They were frightened to hear the frightening sound 他们听到那可怕的声音很害 怕 英语中这样的分词还有很多 如 amusing amused encouraging encouraged disappointing disappointed exciting excited puzzling puzzled satisfying satisfied worrying worried tiring tired pleasing pleased interesting interested astonishing astonished 等 三 过去分词作宾补三 过去分词作宾补 过去分词可以在 allow ask consider desire expect feel find get have hear imagine keep like make observe order permit prefer remember request require see urge 动词等后面作 宾语补足语 动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时表明宾语是该动词的动作对象 动词与宾 语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系 需要用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况如下 1 感官动词 see hear notice observe watch feel 及 find 之后可用过去分词作宾补 I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now We found her greatly changed We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops 2 表示 意欲 命令 的动词 如 like want wish expect order 等 可用过去分词作 宾补 The teacher expected the students well prepared for the examination The father wants his daughter taught the piano I wish it done quickly 3 使役动词 make leave keep 等后 可用过去分词作宾补 The news made me disappointed He kept his eyes shut and stayed where he was It s better to leave some things unsaid 特别提醒 特别提醒 在动词 see hear feel watch notice observe 后既可用现在分词做补 3 语 也可用不定式做补语 用现在分词表示动作正在进行 用不定式表示的动作的全过程 已经完成 如 I saw Mr White get off a bus I saw Mr White looking into the shop window Do you hear someone knocking at the door Yes I did I heard him knock three times 4 4 动词 have get 宾语 过去分词的几种含义 主语请别人做某事 He wants to have get his eyes examined tomorrow 他明天想去检查眼睛 检查 的动作由医生来进行 主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境 说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为 Many people had their houses damaged in the serious typhoon 台风 5 with 宾语 过去分词 结构中 过去分词用作介词 with 的宾补 这一结构通常在句中作时间 方式 条件 原因等状语 With water heated we can see the steam 水被加热时 我们能看到水蒸气 With the matter settled we all went home 事情得到解决 我们都回家了 特别提醒特别提醒 过去分词作宾补与现在分词作宾补的区别如下 一般来说 过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补与现在分词作宾补的区别如下 一般来说 过去分词作宾补 时 宾语是动作的承受者 现在分词作宾补时 宾语是动作的执行者 试比较 时 宾语是动作的承受者 现在分词作宾补时 宾语是动作的执行者 试比较 I I foundfound himhim knockedknocked downdown byby a a car car 我看到他被车撞了 我看到他被车撞了 I I foundfound himhim lyinglying onon thethe grassgrass justjust now now 我刚才发现他躺在草坪上 我刚才发现他躺在草坪上 四 过去分词作定语四 过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语时 相当于一个定语从句 单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前 分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面 过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词 即与名词是动 宾关系 现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词 即与名词有主谓关系 例 1 My parents are both retired teachers 例 2 Most of the students invited to the garden party came from our school 例 3 The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager 特别提醒特别提醒 过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语有一定的区别 试比较下面几组短语 boiled water 开水 boiling water 正沸腾的水 developed countries 发展的国家 developing countries 发展中国家 fallen leaves 落叶 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子 changed condition 改变了的情况 changing condition 变化着的情况 由此可见 过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作 而现在分词作定语可以表示 正在进行的主动的动作 实战演练实战演练 用括号里动词的适当形式填空 用括号里动词的适当形式填空 1 The situation of the chess game really every member in the game watching room confuse 2 With his finger point to the break window the teacher asked Who did that 3 I was fortunate to pick up a wallet lie on the ground on the way home but unfortunately for me I found my colour TV set steal when I got home 4 Though lack money he managed to have his own company start 5 She felt rather that she heard such a news delight 4 6 Jack s umbrella requires but he didn t get it soon enough at John s for John had a lot of umbrellas at the time repair 7 remind of the matter many times Tom was still puzzle about it 8 Generally speaking when take according to the directions the drug has no side effect 9 The speaker raised his voice but couldn t make himself hear 10 Having passed all the tests she felt a great weight take off her mind 11 settle in a friendly way their quarrel came to an end 12 determine to complete the job on time they set out to work immediately 高 考 资 源 网 13 leave alone in the dark room the little boy was so frightened as to cry 14 Mrs Bush stood surprise for a moment when an old soldier suddenly appeared before her 15 Seeing the soldiers well prepare for the flood fight the general nodded with satisfaction 16 Alexander tried to get his work recognize in the medical circles 17 Many students question said they were forced to practice the piano 18 Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues amuse with her stories 19 Please remain seat the winner of the prize will be announced soon 20 To learn English well we should find opportunities to hear English speak as much as we can 21 We should keep them inform of what is going on here 22 The boy lay on the ground fix his eyes on the nobleman 23 The boy lay on the ground his eyes fix on the nobleman 24 The boy lay on the ground and his eyes fix on the nobleman 25 With fall leaves bury in the earth every year the soil becomes richer and richer 26 You should understand the traffic rule by now You ve had it explain often enough 27 I found a car stick in a pool by the side of the road 28 The power station keeps the villages supply with electricity 29 I got on the bus and found a seat near the back and then I noticed a man sit at the front 2011 广东 30 Tony lent me the money hope that I d do as much for him 2012 全国 31 dress in a white uniform he looks more like a cook than a doctor 32 He suddenly appeared in class one day wear sunglasses 2012 广东 33 use with care one tin will last for six weeks 2012 北京 34 We re having a meeting in half an hour The decision make at the meeting will influence the future of our company 2012 重庆 35 He got up late and hurried to his office leaving the breakfast touch 2012 天津 36 After completing and signing it please return the form to us in the envelope provide 2012 山东 37 The