江苏省南京师范大学附属实验学校2012届高三英语 语法专题复习讲义8

1 高三英语语法专题复习讲义 高三英语语法专题复习讲义 8 8 1 The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to A make it out B make it off C make it up D make it over 2 If anybody calls tell them I m out and ask them to their name and address A pass B write C take D 1eave 3 The three sisters decided to hold a family party to their parents silver wedding A celebrate B memorize C congratulate D welcome 4 Joe Jones the eldest of the eight children had to out of high school at the age of 16 to help his father on the farm A 1eave B drop C fall D go 5 Words me when i wanted to express my thanks to him for having saved my son from the burning house A failed B 1eft C discouraged D disappointed 6 一 He was in hospital for six months He felt as if he was from the outside world A cut 0ut B cut off C cut up D cut through 7 How about eight o clock outside the cinema That me fine A fits B meets C satisfies D suits 8 Happy birthday Alice So you have twenty one already A become B turned C grown D passed 9 They see you as something of a worrier problems which don t exist and crossing bridges long before you come to them A settling B discovering C seeing D designing lO 一 How do you we go to Beijing for our holidays 一 I think we d better fly there It s much more comfortable A insist B want C suppose D suggest Part 3 Grammar Grammar 非谓语动词非谓语动词 2 2 现在分词及过去分词现在分词及过去分词 2 I I AnalysisAnalysis 一 形 式 分词是动词的一种非限定形式 分为现在分词和过去分词 分词具有动词的特征 有时 态和语态的变化 并可带宾语 状 语 分词的否定形式是在分词前加 not not knowing not having received not having been given 现在分词 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 过去分词只有一种形式 例如 Having hurried through his breakfast he went to school 现在分词完成式 The man being interviewed is a scientist When asked such a strange question he didn t know howto answer Not knowing his number I didn t get in touch with him 否定式 2 现在分词与过去分词的区别 现在分词与过去分词的区别主要表在语态和时间概念上 在语态上 现在分词 除被动式 外 表示主动意思 过去分词表示被动意思 在时间上 现在分词表示动作正在进 行 过去分词则表示动作的完成 现在分词 过去分词 比较 developing countries developed countries boiling water boiled water the rising sun the risen sun the falling autumn leaves the fallen autumn leaves 有些过去分词只表示动作的完成 例如 the risen sun the fallen autumn leaves a retired worker a escaped prisoner 有些过去分词只表示动作的被动 例如 a man made satellite guided missile 导弹 二 功 能 1 作表语 现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性 过去分词多表示主语所处的状态 如 The news was exciting The situation is encouraging She looked disappointed He appeared satisfied with my answer He seemed quite delighted at the idea Don t get excited 2 作定语 单独作定语 应放在被修饰的名词之前 如 touching story skilled worker boiled water a growing city a city that is growing liberated areas areas that have been liberated 在更多情况下 可以用分词短语作定语 这时分词短语应放在被修饰的名词之后 在 意义上也相当于一个定语从句 如 Who is the man standing that is standing by the door They are problems left which have been left over by history 3 作定语的现在分词所表示的动作发生的时间有两种情况 a 表示正在进行的动作 变为从句时要用进行时态 如 Tell the children playing there who are playing there not to make so much noise Did you see the man talking who was talking to the manager b 表示经常性的动作 或现在 或当时 的状态 变为从句时 用一般时态 如 They lived in a room facing that faced the south The house standing that stands at the corner of the street was built in 1955 过去分词作定语时 过去分词所表示的动作可以在谓语所表示的动作之前发生 也可以 是没有一定的时间性 如 Is this the book recommended by our teacher The meeting held last week is very important 注 如果所表示的动作现刻正在发生 或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生 可以用现在分 词的被动形式来表示 如 The meeting being held is very important We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here 注 如果所表示的是一个未来的动作 可以用一个不定式的被动形式来表示 如 The meeting to be held next week is very important Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting 现在分词短语作定语时 一般不用现在分词的完成式作定语 所以 下列句子都是错的 Those having finished their work can go home now 应改为 who have finished 3 作状语 现在分词作状语 表示陪衬性的动作或伴随情况 如 The children ran out of the room laughing and talking merrily They stood there for an hour watching the game She sat at the desk reading a newspaper 注意 a 分词表示的必须是主语的一个动作 b 分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作 或状 态 是同时发生的 c 分词表示的是比较次要的动作 对谓语表示的动作或状态加以说明 d 大部分放在谓语之后 e 分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开 现在分词作状语 表示行为方式或手段 这类状语可以放在句首 也可以放在句末 有 时还可以放在句中 其他参考上述 a c 如 Following the guide they started to climb Working this way they greatly reduced the cost 现在分词作状语 表示原因或理由 如 Seeing nobody at home she decided to leave them a note Not knowing her address we couldn t get in touch with her 注 如果分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生 则要用完成形式 如 Having worked among the peasants for many years he knew them very well Not having received an answer he decided to write another letter 4 Having lived in Berlin many years he knew the city well 现在分词作时间状语 相当于 when 引导的从句 如 Turning around she saw a police car driving up Hearing the news they all jumped with joy 注 这里分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作 这动作一发生 谓语动词所表示的动作立即发 生 这类分词一般放在句首 如果两个动作是完全同时发生的 多用 when 或 while 分 词这种结构 如 Be careful when crossing the street Don t mention this while talking to him 注 如果要强调谓语动词的动作发生时 分词的动作已经完成 这个分词要用完成形式 如 Having arrived at a decision they immediately set to work 现在分词作状语还可以表示结果 条件和让步 如 Her husband died in 1942 leaving her with five children 结果 Working hard you will succeed 条件 Weighing almost one hundred jin the stone was moved by him alone 让步 过去分词短语作状语 可以修饰谓语 说明动作发生的背景或情况 如 Built in 1192 the bridge is over 700 years old Surrounded by a group of pupils the old teacher walked into the room 过去分词短语表示原因 相当于一个原因状语从句 如 The children exhausted fell asleep at once 过去分词短语有时可以表示时间 相当于时间状语从句 和条件 相当于条件状语从句 如 Heated water changes into steam When If water is heated Seen from the hill the park looks very beautiful 注 过去分词短语作状语时 前面有时可以加上 when if while though as if 等连词 这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句 省略部分多为 主语 be 的多种形式 需 要注意的是 省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同 如 If When heated water changes into steam Even if invited I won t go We will not attack unless attacked The girl is very shy and never speaks until spoken to 4 作宾语补足语 三 在用分词短语作状语时 它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致 但有时它也可以 有自己独立的逻辑上的主语 这种结构称为 独 立 结 构 独立结构可以表示伴随动作或情况 表示时间 原因 条件等 例如 5 He rushed into the room his face covered with sweat 伴随情况 The shower being over we continued to march 时间 So many students being absent we decided to put the meeting off 原因 Weather permitting we ll have an outing tomorrow 条件 IIII PracticePractice 1 The picture on the wall is painted by my nephew A having hungB hanging C hangs D being hung 2 Will those the children from abroad come to the headmaster s office A teachingB teachC who teaches D who teaching 3 The manager his factory s products were poor in quality decided to give his workers further training A knowingB knownC to knowD being known 4 The old man abroad for 20 years is on the way back to his motherland A to workB workingC to have workedD having worked 5 The flowers sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature A to smellB smellingC smeltD to be smelt 6 The boy was last seen near the East Lake A missing playingB missing play C missed playedD missed to play 7 Why did you go back to the shop I left my friend there A waitingB to waitC waitD waits 8 Cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen A smokeB smokingC to smokeD smoked 9 He looked around and caught a man his hand into the pocket of a passenger A putB to be puttingC to putD putting 10 We beat Class Four in the match you know Yes I saw you but what s the score A playB playingC playedD to play 11 in the queue for half an hour Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home A To waitB Have waitedC Having waitedD To have waited 12 the big snake the little girl stood under the tree out of her life A Saw frightenedB Seen frightened C Seeing frightened D To see frightening 13 Finding her car stolen 6 A a policeman was asked to helpB the area was searched thoroughly C it was looked for everywhereD she hurried to a policeman for help 14 He sent me an e mail to get further information A hopedB hopingC to hopeD hope 15 We often provide our children with toys football or basketballs that all children like these things A thinkingB thinkC to thinkD thought 16 from other continents for millions of years Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world A Being separatedB Having separated C Having been separated D To be separated 17 fully we can achieve great things A PreparingB To prepareC PrepareD Prepared 18 The bell the end of the period rang our heated discussion A indicating interruptingB indicated interrupting C indicating interrupted D indicated interrupted 19 The storm left a lot of damage to this area A causedB to causeC to have causedD having caused 20 Though money his parents managed to send him to university A lackedB lacking ofC lackingD lacked on 21 We can t go out in this weather said Bob out of the window A lookingB to lookC lookedD having looked 22 You can t catch me Janet shouted away A runB runningC to runD ran 23 Don t sit there nothing Come and help me with this table A doB to doC doingD and 24 When different cultures we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities A comparedB comparingC being comparedD having compared 25 While watching television A the doorbell rangB the doorbell rings C we heard the doorbell ring D we heard the doorbell rings 26 the programme they have to stay there for another two weeks A Not completing B Not completed C Not having completedD Having not completed 27 from his accent he must be America A Judged fromB To judge of C Judging fromD Judging of 7 28 the more expensive the camera the better its quality A General speakingB Speaking general C Generally speaking D Speaking generally 29 Weather they will go and visit the zoo A permittedB permitsC permittingD permit 30 The meeting over we all left the room and drove home A being B wasC to beD had been Part 3 综合能力训练 A mother and daughter living in my community are two of the most unfriendly people I have ever come across in my life They are totally separated mixing with 36 As they drive past 37 they keep their eyes looking away and make no sign of acknowledgement The only fame they have is making a nuisance 讨厌的人 of themselves to the local police station by 38 music played too loud dogs barking more than once a day and any other petty 39 gripe 把柄 On moving into this neighborhood I was 40 of these two but decided I would make up my own mind This proved quite a 41 to me as more than once either the mother or the daughter would knock on my door and blast 猛烈抨击 me with some 42 or other I 43 answered politely and made sure I 44 as they went past my place and also made the effort now and then to make a kind remark about their garden or pets Time passed and in October as part of the kindness rock give 送爱心石活动 Maureen and I 45 to place a kindness rock in their garden Their 46 remained unchanged however and I continued to be as friendly as possible During the Easter give we decided once again to 47 these two unhappy ladies to our list and left a packet of cookies on their 48 Imagine my 49 when two days later they 50 at my gate and jokingly said they are considering hanging their Christmas stocking on their gate and they 51 me a bunch of flowers So my fellow gifters do not 52 on your random gifts of kindnes