2012届高考英语 考前冲刺常考知识串讲

用心 爱心 专心 1 20122012 届高考英语考前冲刺常考知识串讲届高考英语考前冲刺常考知识串讲 第 1 讲 一 Language Points 1 sha re v 分享 合用 share sth with sb n 一份 股份 spa re a 业余的 备用的 spare time a spare tire v 抽出 匀给 spare me five minutes spare one of sandwiches for the boy spare no efforts 不遗余力 spare no expense 不惜工本 sav e v 节省 救出 2 He felt lucky to have survived the war 3 with sb about over sth 和某人就某 事争论 arg ue for against sth 赞成 反对 Sb into out of doing sth 说服某 人做 不做某事 4 have make let see watch listen to 宾 宾补 do doing done get sb to do sth have 宾 宾补 to do to be done 5 So 同一主语 助动词 So neither nor 助动词 另一主语 So it is was with 另一主语 6 should ought to need could might would do have done 7 except but except for except that except wh clause besides in addition apart from but for without 8 The first time 从句 For the first time 作时间状语 It s the first time that clause 完成时 the first 名词 to do 用心 爱心 专心 2 9 most most of the n pl pron the majority of the mostly 主要地 状 10 be equal to sth 与 相等 be equal to doing sth 胜任 做 某事 equal sth 与 相等 equal sb in sth 在 方面与某人匹敌 11 compare to with compared to with 12 a great many several two dozen hundred n pl many dozens of a great many of the these those n pl seveal two dozen of pron 13 much too adj adv 原级 too much n u too many n pl 14 没有被动态 come about 主要用于疑问句 否定句 happen 表示偶然 碰巧之意 sth take place 多表示有组织 有计划 break out 指战争 灾害 疾病等的爆 发 occur 与 happen 通用 It occurs to sb that to do 某人 突然想起 15 n pron adj adv prep phrase to do 表将来 With 宾 宾补 doing 表正在进行 Done 表过去 16 强调句型的判断方法 如果将句子中的 it be 和 that 去掉 原句通顺则是强调 句 否则就不是强调句 例 It was in the street that I met an old friend yesterday 二 语法专题 名词的考点 1 考查可数名词和不可数名词 尤其是许多不可数名词在一定情况下变为可数名词 2 考查名词的格 即 s 所有格 of 所有格或双重所有格 用心 爱心 专心 3 3 名词作定语 4 名词及名词短语的辨析 5 名词与介词 冠词 动词的搭配 三 题型归纳 辨析型单项填空 1 名词的辨析 名词的辨析首先要注意名词单复数的意义区别 如 parent 指父亲或母亲 而 parents 指父 母双亲 people 指人们 而 a people 指民族 其次注意可数与不可数时的意义区别 如 exercise 指锻炼 而 exercises 指练习题或练习操 再次 注意同义名词或近义名词的区别 如 event 指发生的重大事件 体育项目 incident 指偶发事件 而 accident 指意外事件 最后还要注意近形词的区别 如 cloth 指布 cloths 指各种不同用途的布 clothes 指衣 服 复数 clothing 衣服 总称 2 动词的辨析 对于动词的辨析 首先要了解动词的及物与不及物 如 reply 意为 回答 答复 后面接 名词时需接介词 to 此时为不及物动词 后接从句时 则为及物动词 其次是要弄清动词的 词义区别 如 advise 与 persuade 前者指劝说 劝告 强调过程 而后者指说服 强调 结果 最后还要区别各种非谓语动词间的意义和用法 动词的 v ing 形式表示正在进行或伴 随的动作 v ed 形式表示完成或被动 to do 形式表示即将进行的动作等 3 形容词 副词的辨析 对于形容词 副词 一是要注意近义词间的区别 如 clever 指对问题处理的圆滑 bright 指对问题的反应快 wise 指选择的正确等 此外 如 wide 与 broad strong 与 powerful interesting 与 interested exciting 与 excited 等 二是注意同形的形容词和副词 如 close 作形容词时意为 亲密的 作副词时意为 接近 靠拢 三是注意同根副词的区别 如 hard 与 hardly 前者指猛烈地 努力地 而后者意为几乎不 四是注意副词形式的形 容词 如 friendly lovely lively 实际上是形容词 切不可当作副词使用 五是注意形 容词的位置区别 如 present n 与 n present 前者指当前的 而后者指在场的 4 介词的辨析 对介词的辨析要从两方面入手 一是介词的词义 如 across through past over 为动 作介词 across 强调从表面横过 越过 through 强调从空间穿过 past 强调从侧面 旁边 经过 over 强调从空中越过而不接触 也可以表示越过一段距离 空间等 此外 如 above over on with by of to to for 的区别 5 连词的辨析 连词的区别主要在于 一是连词的意义 如 when while 与 as because since 与 for whether 与 if though as 与 although 等 二是注意时间名词短语转化而成的连词 如 every each time the first second time the moment the minute 等 它们都可作连 词 连接从句 三是注意副词转化而成的连词 如 directly immediately instantly 等 四是注意连词的词序 如 only if 与 if only 前者意为 只要 后者意为 要是 就好 了 6 代词的辨析 代词的辨析包括不定代词 如 other others the other the others another 等 人 称代词 如 one it that 等和关系代词 如 which 与 that which 与 as whose 与 prep which whom 等 1 Does the teacher you to go home this weekend A allowB consentC agreeD approve 2 After the big fire the house was completely 用心 爱心 专心 4 A ruinedB destroyedC damagedD spoiled 3 The hunter said he was lucky to get out of the forest A livingB aliveC livelyD live 4 talking with his Grandma he went away without saying a word A Tiring withB Tiring ofC Tired withD Tired of 5 It s necessary to have some knowledge for this job A electricB electricalC elctronD electricity 6 The photo on the wall was taken in Beijing last year A hangB hangingC hungD hanged 7 On New Year s Day people especially girls always wear new new hats new coats new trousers and new shoes A clothesB clothingC clothD cloths 8 He stays up in the evenings to go online to get the information A late latest B lately last C late lastD latest latest 9 is it to ask her about her about that She doesn t know it either A What goodB How good C What a good D How much good 10 I had done it I knew I had made a mistake A HardlyB DirectlyC mostlyD Nearly 11 It is said you went to see Jenny yesterday What has become her A fromB ofC intoD 12 Who do you think will be allowed there tomorrow A visitB to visitC visitingD visited 13 Today we can either fly to Hainan Island or take a ship the sea A inB acrossC from inD across from 14 You wil find what great benefit the computer you own can be each time you use it to help you work A forB ofC atD on 15 I thought he was not of a professor the first time I heard him speaking to the children at the platform in the hall of our school A somethingB anythingC somebody D anybody 16 We ve missed the last bus I m afraid we have no but to take a taxi A wayB choiceC possibilityD selection 17 students have graduated from this school in the last twenty years A Tens of thousands ofB Tens upon thousands of C Tens in thousandsD Ten thousands of 18 The farmers plan to produce three times in the year before last to meet the increasing need of the people A of crop as much this year as B as much crop this year as C as more crop this year asD much crop this year than 19 I think the house is large for a family of four people and the price is very reasonable A tooB ratherC fairlyD a little 20 His mother dislikes him for he lies A tellsB is always tellingC has toldD always told 用心 爱心 专心 5 1 5 ABBDB 6 10 BBAAB 11 15 BBDBB 16 20 BABCB 第 2 讲 一 Language points 1 sb sth adj n sb sth to do consider 以为 认为 sb sth as that clause n consider 考虑 doing 疑问词 to do sth 把 当作 的译法 consider as think of look on take regard treat have as 2 to do A way of doing that in which 定语从句 A method of doing sth by this means You can solve the problem with this method in this way by means of 通过 方式 以 手段 by this that means 通过这种 那种方式 by all means 务必 一定 用于回答 当然行 请 by no means 决不 一点也不 用于句首 时用倒装 3 protect from doing sth prevent stop from doing sth keep from doing keep doing under the potection of 4 as well as well as might may as well had better 5 to do specially for phrase especially 6 along the river 沿着河流 over the river 在河的正上方 through the forest 穿过森林 by the river 在河边 on the bank 在河岸上 7 follow the instructions 用心 爱心 专心 6 follow one s advice as follows 8 be responsible to sb for sth 9 n doing to do sth sb to do sth prefer sth to sth doing A to doing B to do A rather than do sth that sb should do sth 10 n after n one n after another 一个接一个 强调动作的重复 n by n 一个接一个 强调动作的变 化 tree after tree day by day 11 say hi to sb Please remember me to sb 向 某人 问好 Send my regards to sb Send the best wishes to sb 12 主 be adj to do 不定式一般用主动式 与主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系 所以当不 定式的动词是不及物动词时 则应在其后加上适当的介词 主 be adj to do It be adj for of sb to do sth eg This question is difficult to answer It s difficult to answer the question The man is hard to work with It s hard to work with the man 当不定式用作定语时 与其所修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系 且主语为该动作的执行 者时 也常常用主动形式 Eg He wants water to drink She has a room to live in I will go to Beijing tomorrow Do you have anything to be taken there 二 语法专题 冠词的考点 1 考查冠词的一些基本用法 例如 复数名词 不可数名词表示泛指不用任何冠词 the 单数名词表类指 a an 单数名词表泛指 2 考查冠词的习惯用法 如 in case of fire be wounded in the leg on the telephone leave college 等 3 考查冠词的活用 如 抽象名词的具体化 a success a an 专有名词表泛指 an Edison 4 考查零冠词的用法 三 题型归纳 结构型单项填空 结构型试题常表现在句子中某些成分的省略 标点符号的出现 倒装或插入其他成分使前后 分离等 从而引起句子结构的变化 扰乱对句子的判断 有省略的复合句 由于宾语从句或定语从句中谓语部分行为动词的省略 导致对不定式作状 用心 爱心 专心 7 语产生误解 标点符号的影响 由于受汉语习惯的影响 往往会因为句子中的标点符号 弄错句子的结构 插入语的影响 有些句子由于中间插入了某些成分 而使句子显得支离破碎 造成对句子结 构的误解 倒装句型的基本结构 1 完全倒装 2 部分倒装 1 在特殊疑问句和一般疑问句中 2 so neither nor do be have 情态动词 主语 3 当虚拟语气的条件从句中省略 if 时 were had 和 should 应置于句首 采用倒装结构 4 表示祝愿的句子 may 主语 动词原 形 5 as though 引导让步状语从句时 提前部分 as 主语 谓语动词 6 表示否定意义 的副词 介词短语和连词词组置于句首 7 当 not until 时间状语从句置于句首时 主句 应采用倒装结构 而从句仍用正常语序 8 not only but also 连接两个句子时 第一 个句子采用倒装结构 第二个句子不采用倒装结构 9 no sooner tham hardly when scarcely when 都表示 一 就 强调过去的两个动作接连发生 当 no sooner hardly 和 scarcely 置于句首时 主句常把 had 置于主语之前 采用倒装结 构 但从句不倒装 10 only 副词 介词短语 宾语 时间状语从句置于句首时 常采用倒 装 但 only 主语则不应采用倒装 11 在 so such that 引导的结果状语从句中 将 so adj adv 或 such 置于句首时 其主句常采用倒装结构 强调句型 感叹句 并列句的应用 独立主格结构 1 n to do 2 n doing 3 n done 4 n prep n 5 n adj adv 6 n n 7 with n to do doing done adj adv prep n 1 He said he would do what he could us A helpB to helpC helpingD helped 2 He spent all the money he had that dictionary A buyB to buyC buyingD bought 3 There are more than three thousand students in my school most of from the country A thatB whichC whomD them 4 It is his cleverness not his strenth defeated his rival A thatB whichC whatD who 5 The way you think of our living conditions sounds reasonable A improveB to improveC improvingD improvement 6 I feel strongly that whatever you matter to me A don t B do doesn tC don t doD doesn t do 7 Is this school you studied in two years ago A thatB whenC itD the one 8 Please tell me the way thought of the garden A take care ofB to take care of C taking care ofD how to take care of 9 Mr Wang was much disappointed to see the washing machine he had had went wrong again A it repairedB to be repaired C repairedD repairing 10 We will do everything we can our city A to saveB saveC savingD saved 11 The air quality in Beijing as well as in the neighboring cities we once 用心 爱心 专心 8 spent much time better and better A in gettingB having gotC in is gettingD has got 12 Who did the teacher as well as the monitor an article for the wall newspaper A has writeB has writtenC have writeD have written 13 What do you consider to her A to happenB happeningC happened D happens 14 Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to some schools for poor children A set upB setting upC have set upD having set up 15 To his joy the day he looked forward to at last A comingB comeC cameD have come 16 How long do you think it is she arrived here A whenB thatC beforeD since 1 5 BCDAB 6 10 BDBCA 11 16 CCCBCD 第 3 讲 一 Language points 1 owe sb sth owe sth to sb 欠某人某物 owe sth to sb sth 将 归功于 owing to 由于 thanks to because of due to 2 think highly poorly little a lot of sb sth speak highly well badly of sb sth sing high praise for sb sth 3 apologize to sb for doing sth make an apology to sb for doing sth excuse sb for doing sth forgive sb for doing sth pardon sb for doing sth 4 make an impression on sb have an impression of sth impress sth on upon one s mind serve in the army on the office serve the people the dish serve sb with sth serve sth to sb serve as the chairman make jokes about 取笑 拿 开玩笑 make a joke about laugh at 嘲笑 have a joke with sb 开某人的玩笑 play a joke on sb play tricks on sb 戏弄 in joke 闹着玩 开玩笑 用心 爱心 专心 9 7 to do It s time for sth For sb to do sth That clause 一般过去时 8 the one ones 替代同类事物中特指一个或一些 one 替代上文提到的同类名词中的一个 表泛指 it 指上文提到的同一个事物 that 替代上文出现的带定冠词的名词或不可数名 词 9 none 用来回答 how many how much 引导的问句 常与 of 连用 no one 只能指人 用来回答 who 引导的问句 neither 两者都不 表单数 nothing 用于指物 用来回答 what 引导的问句 10 cloth 布 u a piece of cloth 表示某种特殊用途的布块 桌布 Wipe up the water with a cloth clothes 衣服 服装 是一个没有单数形式的复 数名词 A suit of clothes 注 不能直接用数词 修饰 但可用 many few his my thse 之类的词修饰 作主语时谓语动词用复数 clothing 服装 衣着 是一个无复数形式的物质 名词 除衣服外 还包括幌子 手套 鞋袜之类的东西 作主语时谓语动词用单数 A piece of clothing an artcle of clothing dress 指穿在外面的衣服 尤指在社交场合穿的 礼服及妇女的连衣裙 suit 成套的衣服 11 live 活着 有生命的 作定语 主要用来指鸟或 其他动物 实况直播的 lively 活泼的 有生气的 生动的 alive 活着的 还有气儿的 是表语形容词 在 句中作表语或后置定语 living 活着 健在的 现行的 12 receive 收到 接到 客观动作 accept 接受 领受 主观意愿 接受教育 惩罚 支持 遭受不幸 接待客人 只 用 receive 接受某条件 建议 只用 accept turn adj 常表示从某种状态向其他状态变化的自然现 象 The weather has turned much colder go adj 常表示由好变坏的情况 The milk went 用心 爱心 专心 10 wrong bad become adj 强调施动者的作用或变化的结果 Please don t get angry come adj 一般表示向好的方面变化 My dream has come true 14 含有插入语的疑问句 What do you think has happened to him How do you suppose the film will end Why do you believe he is unfit for the office 15 主从复合句的反意疑问句 疑问部分根据主句确定 但是主句的主语是 I we 谓语是 think suppose believe hope imagine expect guess know feel be sure be told 时 疑问部分根据从句确定 否定转移时 疑问部分用肯定语气 She think it is a good idea doesn t she I think it is a good idea isn t it I don t think it is a good idea is it 二 语法专题 代词的考点 1 不定代词 1 all any none both either neither 2 another other the other others the others 3 复合不定代词 someone anyone everyone no one something anything everything nothing 2 it 的用法 1 it 作实意代词 代替日期 时间 季节 距离 代替身份不明的人 心目中的人和事以 及代替上文已提到的或下文将要提到的人 物或某种情况 代替指示代词 this that 2 it 作引导词 作形式主语和形式宾语 代替不定式 动名词和从句 it 用于强调句型 3 替代词 one ones the one the ones that those 的用法 4 人称代词在使用中要注意主格和宾格的区别 反身代词则要注意和主语一致 三 题型归纳 习语 搭配型单项填空 语言的习惯表达是语言在长期使用过程中的结果 不能随意改变 其表现形式主要在介词短 语 名词短语及非谓语动词短语的习惯搭配等方面 习语 搭配型单项填空主要考查对英语 习语及搭配的掌握和运用 这就需要在平时多加注意和积累 切不可想当然 1 介词后的宾语 介词后面常接名词 代词 动名词作宾语 但是 在考试时要注意一些 习惯用法 如 far from satisfied over take sth for granted in hospital 与 in the hospital at sea 与 at the sea 2 冠词的增删 固定搭配中名词前的冠词的有无都是习惯用法 若去掉或增加 都会使其 意思发生变化 如 in prison 与 in the prison in bed 与 on the bed in school 与 in the school in possession of 与 in the possession of in charge of 与 in the charge of in front of 与 in the front of 3 非谓语动词短语的考查重点 一是非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系 二是非谓语动词与谓 语动词所表示动作的时间先后关系 三是非谓语动词的习惯用法 另外 有些非谓语动词短 语已经从非谓语动词短语中游离了出来 而成为表达某种意思的固定搭配 如 to be true to tell you the truth to be exact judging by from exactly speaking frankly speaking compared to with 等 4 动词的搭配 如 mean to do sth mean doing sth forget to do sth forget doing sth be used to doing sth used to do sth head for go to lend to borrow from set about set out write down take down put down 等 用心 爱心 专心 11 5 动词短语 如 have a cold catch cold take place take one s place 等 6 短语动词 如 run out run out of stick to keep on bring in bring on 等 7 形容词短语 如 be strict with in different from in be careful of with 等 8 名词短语 如 the number of a number of a knowledge of 等 1 No matter what you see don t take it for but use your head to think it over A grantB grantingC grantedD grantness 2 When writing he often keeps a dictionary A in handB on handC at handD hand in 3 His wife often goes to on Sundays A churchB a churchC the churchD churching 4 It is good for you in your future life English A have good knowledge ofB to have good knowledge of C to have a good knowledge ofD has a good knowledge of 5 what he said he has been to Australia A Judge by B Judged byC Judging from D To judge from 6 She is always ready to help others and asking for nothing A in returnB in caseC in additionD in turn 7 They held a ceremony those killed in the battle A instead ofB in favor ofC by means of D in honor of 8 The man the shop said we could have two days off A in charge ofB in the charge of C take charge ofD take the charge of 9 When they got to America they nearly money A ran outB ran out ofC ran away D ran away from 10 Word came that Brown the record in yesterday s match A madeB strokeC beat D hit 11 Look little Betty is giving a talk to the children and is a teacher A somebody ofB anybody like C something ofD like anything 12 Mr Wang is very old but he works like a young man In deed I can t admire him A very muchB so wellC too much D quite well 1 6 CCACCA 7 12 DABCCC 第 4 讲 一 Language points 1 sth sth for sth prepare for sth to do sth be prepared for be prepared to do sth make preparations for 用心 爱心 专心 12 They tied for first place in the game We tied with the visiting team in the basketball match The dog is tied to a tree 3 affect vt 影响 effect n 效果 作用 have a good bad effect on in effect 事实上 cause and effect 因果 take effect 生效 起作用 come into effect 生效 实行 effort n 努力 without effort 毫不费力 make every effort 尽一切努力 spare no effort 不遗余力 weigh vt 称 的重量 vi 重达 重量为 put on weight lose weight by weight in meters pounds calories by the day the week the yard the dozen the ton in 参加 比赛 compete with against 与 竞赛 竞争 for 角逐 为获取 而竞赛 Where there is a river there is a city Where there is a will there is a way Where there is life there is hope do sth not do sth do sth than do sth would rather would do sth rather than do sth prefer to do sth rather than do sth that clause did 表现在 或将来 had done 表过 去 do damage to sth live one s dream in ruins in pieces under 用心 爱心 专心 13 attack discussion construction consideration treatment almost 差距比 nearly 小 可与 never no no one none nobody nothing nowhere 等否定词 连用 但不能 与 not 连用 nearly 不可与上述否定词连用 但可与 not 连用 构成 Not nearly 意为 远非 远不及 二 语法专题 形容词和副词的考点 1 形容词和副词的辨析 一般无规律可循 只能在于平常时多积累 我们应注意这几点 1 分清形容词和副词各自的语法功能 即形容词常用作定语 而副词常用作状语 2 掌握 具体的形容词 副词的基本含义和语法功能 如 therefore 意为 所以 在句中起关联作 用 3 有些副词有两种形式 其中一种形式与形容词相同 另一种形式是在形容词后加 ly 意义不太相同 应加以分辨 常见的有 close 接近 closely 仔细地 密切地 high 高 highly 高度地 free 免费 freely 自由地 自如地 late 晚 迟 lately 近来 deep 深 deeply 深刻地 深入地 near 邻近 nearly 几乎 hard 努力地 hardly 几乎不 most 最 mostly 主要地 wide 宽阔 widely 广泛地 easy 从容地 easily 容易地 4 有些副词与形容词的词形完全相同 换言之 有些词同时兼有形容词和副词两种词性 常见的有 early straight slow enough fast hard long firm 等 2 形容词和副词的词序 1 enough 用作形容词修饰名词时 可前可后 用作副词修饰形容词或副词时 只能位于之 后 例 enough time time enough strong enough 2 形容词修饰复合不定代词时要后置 something important 3 as how so too 修饰单数名词时 其词序为 as how so too adj a an n too large a room how interesting a film Mike is as clever a boy as Tom 4 such 修饰单数名词时 其词序为 such a an adj n such a large room 但名词前 是 one some many all no 等修饰时 其词序为 one some many all no such adj n 5 多个形容词作定语时的词序为 县官行令宴国才 限定词 描绘性形容词 大小 长 短 高低等形容词 新旧 颜色 国家 地区 材料 用途 被修饰名词 限定词包括 前 位限定词 如 倍数词 分数词及 all both half double 等 中位限定词 如 冠词 物主代词 指示代词 所有格及 some any no every each either neither enough much whose 等 后位限定词 如 基数词 序数词及 little 表示少 few last next other another more less most several least plenty of 等不定量代词 限定词 的排列顺序 前位 中位 后位 中心词 6 倍数的表示法 A is n times bigger than B as big as the size of John has five times as many books as mine 3 形容词和副词的比较等级 1 当 A B 时 比较级 than 用心 爱心 专心 14 2 当 A B 且 B 包含 A 时 He is older than any of the other boys any other boy in his class 当 A B 但 B 不包含 A 时 He is richer than any of the people here I m taller than any student of your class 3 比较级 and 比较级 表示自身的变化 The 比较级 the 比较级 表示随之变化 4 否定词 谓语 比较级 相当于最高级 I ve never seen a nicer bird than this one How beautifully she sings I have never heard a better voice 5 常见的无比较级 最高级的形容词和副词有 cpmparative ly relative ly particular ly special ly excellent ly extreme ly perfect ly complete ly 等 6 more 原级 than 与其说 不如说 7 可以修饰比较级的副词有 any ev