瞬间性动词与延续性动词(新)

延续性动词与非延续性动词延续性动词与非延续性动词 动词按其动作发生的方式 发生过程动词按其动作发生的方式 发生过程 的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词 的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词 一一 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作延续性动词表示能够延续的动作 如 如 learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live stay 等 延续性动词可以与表示时间段的等 延续性动词可以与表示时间段的 状语连用 状语连用 表示时间段的短语有表示时间段的短语有 1 for 一段时间一段时间 eg for 2 years for a long time 等等 2 since 从句从句 since he came here 3 since 时间点时间点 ago eg since last year since 5 days ago 4 how long 二二 非延续性动词也称终止性动词 瞬非延续性动词也称终止性动词 瞬 间动词间动词 表示不能延续的动作表示不能延续的动作 这种动作发生这种动作发生 后立即结束 后立即结束 如如 open die close begin finish come go move borrow lend buy 等 等 如果要与如果要与 for 时间段 时间段 since 年份 年份 since 时间段时间段 ago how long 连用时 瞬间连用时 瞬间 性动词要变延续性动词 性动词要变延续性动词 三三 延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的 转换 转换 非延续性动词非延续性动词延续性动词延续性动词 leave be away from borrowkeep buyhave begin startbe on diebe dead finishbe over joinbe in 组织机构组织机构 be a member of 组织机构组织机构 open sth keep sth open come herebe here go therebe there becomebe come backbe back come to get to arrive in at reach move to be in stay in at go get outbe out put onwear fall illbe ill get upbe up catch a coldhave a cold fall asleepbe asleep get to knowknow wake upbe up closebe closed 例 例 1 他死了三年了 他死了三年了 误 误 He has died for three years 正 正 He has been dead for three years 正 正 He died three years ago 正 正 It is three years since he died 正 正 Three years has passed since he died 2 他来这儿五天了 他来这儿五天了 误 误 He has come here for five days 正 正 He has been here for five days 正 正 He came here five days ago 正 正 It is five days since he came here 正 正 Five days has passed since he came here 1 2 句中的句中的 die come 为终止性为终止性 动词 不能与表示动词 不能与表示 段时间段时间 的状语连用 的状语连用 那么 应如何正确表达呢 可以采用下面那么 应如何正确表达呢 可以采用下面 的的四种方法四种方法 1 将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延 续性动词续性动词 如上面两例中的第一种如上面两例中的第一种 正确表达方式正确表达方式 2 将句中表示将句中表示 段时间段时间 的状语改为的状语改为表表 示过去确定时间的状语示过去确定时间的状语 如下面两例 如下面两例 中的第二种正确表达方式 中的第二种正确表达方式 3 用句型用句型 It is 段时间段时间 since 表达表达 原意 如上面两例中的第三种正确表原意 如上面两例中的第三种正确表 达方式 达方式 4 用句型用句型 时间时间 has passed since 表表 达原意 如上面两例中的第四种正确达原意 如上面两例中的第四种正确 表达方式 表达方式 四 终止性动词可用于现在完成时否四 终止性动词可用于现在完成时否 定式中 成为可以延续的状态 因而定式中 成为可以延续的状态 因而 可与表示一段时间的状语连用 可与表示一段时间的状语连用 如如 1 He hasn t left here since 1986 2 I haven t heard from my father for two weeks 五 终止性动词的否定式与五 终止性动词的否定式与 until till 连用 构成连用 构成 not 终止性动词终止性动词 until till 的句型 意为的句型 意为 直到直到 才才 如 如 1 You can t leave here until I arrive 直到我到了 你才能离开这里 直到我到了 你才能离开这里 2 I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight 今天晚上今天晚上 直到我画完画 我才上床睡觉 直到我画完画 我才上床睡觉 六 终止性动词可以用于六 终止性动词可以用于 when 引引 导的时间状语从句中 但不可以用于导的时间状语从句中 但不可以用于 while 引导的时间状语从句中 引导的时间状语从句中 when 表示的时间是表示的时间是 点时间点时间 从句谓语动词从句谓语动词 用终止性动词用终止性动词 也可以是 也可以是 段时间段时间 从从 句谓语动词用延续性动词句谓语动词用延续性动词 而 而 while 表示的是一个较长的时间或过程 从表示的是一个较长的时间或过程 从 句谓语动词用延续性动词 句谓语动词用延续性动词 如 如 1 When we reached London it was twelve o clock reach 为终止性动为终止性动 词词 2 Please look after my daughter while when we are away be away 为为 延续性动词短语延续性动词短语 七 终止性动词完成时不可与七 终止性动词完成时不可与 how long 连用连用 只限于肯定式只限于肯定式 如如 误 误 How long have you come here 正 正 How long have you been here 正 正 When did you come here 补充练习 补充练习 1 When he arrived at the bus stop the bus for 20 minutes A has left B had left C has been away D had been away 2 I the League for 5 years so far A joined B have joined C have been in 3 The factory since the February of 1988 A has been open B has opened C was open D opened 4 Mary and Rose friends since they met in 2000 A have made B have been C made D have become 5 You mustn t until he comes back A be away B leave C be left 6 The meeting for a week now A has finished B has ended C has been over 7 Miss Gao this school for nearly 5 years A has been in B has come to C has taught 8 Ben a teacher for 4 years A has been B has become C was D became 9 I home for a week A have returned B have been back C returned 10 How long he A died B has died C has been dead 11 He at eight yesterday afternoon A slept B was sleeping C has sleep D had slept 12 He the car for a week A bought B has bought C has had 13 How long you ill Two weeks A did fall B have fell C have been 14 Since 2000 he his hometown A has left B has moved away C has been away from 15 I ll lend you the book but you can only it for 2 days A borrow B keep C take 16 The bus on the road for 2 hours so far A has stopped B stopped C has been 17 Are you the jacket these days A wearing B putting on C dressing D on 18 He foe 2 hours A got up B has got up C has