2012年高考英语一轮复习 简单句

用心 爱心 专心1 20122012 年高考英语一轮语法复习 简单句年高考英语一轮语法复习 简单句 只有一个主语 或并列主语 和一个谓语 或并列谓语 的句子叫做简单句 The old man lives in this village 一个主语 一个谓语 Li Qing and Li Hui went there together 并列主语 一个谓语 She went out bought a bottle of wine and returned hurriedly 一个主语 三个并列谓语 They are twins 一个主语 连系动词 表语 She always keeps the room clean and tidy 一个主语 一个谓语 英语简单句五种基本句型 一 基本句型一 主 系 表 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点 句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思 必须加上一个表 明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语 才能表达完整的意思 这类动词叫做连系动词 系动 词分两类 be look keep seem feel remain prove smell sound hold stay stand 保持 等属 一类 表示情况 get grow become turn come go 等属另一类 表示变化 其中 be 本身没有什 么意义 只起连系主语和表语的作用 其它系动词仍保持其部分词义 1 This is an English Chinese dictionary 2 The dinner smells good 3 His face turned red 4 Everything looks different 5 He is growing tall and strong 连系动词不用于被动语态 若用作行为动词除外 正 The apple tastes sweet 这苹果尝起来很甜 误 The apple is tasted sweet 作表语的一般不能是 ly 结尾的副词 否则句子不能成立 下面句子中常采用形容词做表语 在表语的后面常常接不定式结构 例如 I m happy to meet you They are willing to help you We are determined to follow his example 常见系动词采用 it 作形式主语的有如下 It seems that 看来 It appears that 看来 It appears seems as if 看起来好像 It turned out that 原来 二 基本句型二 主 谓 不及物动词 此句型的句子有一个共同特点 即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思 这类动词叫做不及物 动词 后面可以跟副词 介词短语 状语从句等 1 The sun was shining 2 The moon rose 3 What he said does not matter 4 They talked for half an hour 5 The pen writes smoothly 注意事项 不接宾语 因此没有被动语态 正 The music sounds sweet 误 The music is sounded sweet 用心 爱心 专心2 正 The pen belongs to you 误 The pen is belonged to you 常见使用主动语态的动词有 blame happen take place break out occur come about belong to keep long lose heart 等 有一类词与 easily well smoothly 连用来说明主语的性质 特点的词也常常看作是不及物动 词 常见的有 sell wash write clean cook 等词 例如 The cloth washes easily well 这衣服很好洗 The books sell well The pen writes well 常见瞬间性动词采用 it 当形式主语的有如下 It so happened that 碰巧 说来也巧 It occurred to me that 我突然想到 It follows that 从而 于是乎 这样一来 正 It suddenly occurred to him that the keys might be left in the car 误 That the keys might be left in the car suddenly occurred to him 三 基本句型三 主 谓 及物 宾 此句型句子的共同特点是 谓语动词都具有实义 都是主语产生的动作 但不能表达完整的 意思 必须跟有一个宾语 即动作的承受者 才能使意思完整 这类动词叫做及物动词 1 Who knows the answer 2 He enjoys reading 3 He admits that he was mistaken 四 基本句型四 主 谓 及物 双宾 间宾 直宾 此句型的句子有一个共同特点 谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思 这两个宾 语一个是动作的直接承受者 另一个是动作的间接承受者 通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来 连接 当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时 这一介词往往被省略 1 She ordered herself a new dress 2 I showed him my pictures 3 He bought you a dictionary 4 I told him that the bus was late 5 He showed me how to run the machine 注意事项 1 常见使用双宾语的动词有 give bring tell send leave pass read write take show teach get 等以外 还有 award lend rent buy pay hand recommend 等 She gives me a book 2 同时要注意介词的使用 如果是要使用介词 to 时 多数时候是表示动作的方向 如 give tell send write show pay hand recommend 等等 1 The schoolmaster awarded the prize to me 2 She gave her telephone number to me 3 He handed a letter to me 3 如果使用 for 时 多数时候是表示动作的目的 如 buy make sing cook 等等 1 They left Beijing for shanghai 2 My parents buy a computer for me 3 She sang a folk for us 4 She cooked a delicious meal for us 五 基本句型五 主 谓 及物 复合宾语 宾 宾补 此句型的句子的共同特点是 动词虽然是及物动词 但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意 思 必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语 才能使意思完整 用心 爱心 专心3 1 They painted the door green 2 They found the house deserted 3 What makes him think so 4 We saw him out 5 He asked me to come back soon 6 I saw them getting on the bus at that time 常见的接双宾语的动词有 appoint 任命 believe 相信 call 称 catch 发现 elect 选 举 feel 感到 find 发现 like 希望 hear 听到 keep 保持 leave 听任 discover 发现 make 使 need 需要 prefer 宁愿 prove 证明 see 看见 warn 警告 等等 注意事项 keep get find set push turn wish 等常接形容词作宾补 例如 The sun keeps us warm choose elect call name make 等常接名词短语作宾补 例如 They choose Mr Smith chairman Keep find leave watch feel smell see 等常接现在分词作宾补 例如 He kept me waiting Watch have let make see notice observe feel 等常接动词不定式作宾补 例如 I watched him enter the shop Have get hear make want 等常接过去分词作宾补 例如 Where did you have them printed 介词短语也可以作宾补 例如 You may leave the child in my care 真题演练 1 A quarrel last Sunday and he his family A was broken out broke away B broke out broke away C was broke out broke away from D broke out broke away from 解析 选 D break out 不及物动词短语 A C 形式错误 根据语境可选出 D 2 We communism and firmly that communist will surely be realized throughout the world A believe believe B believe in believe in C believe believe in D believe in believe 解析 选 D 前一空为 信仰 信奉 后一空为 相信 第一空必须又介词 in 否侧 意义错误 3 We don t care if a hunting dog smells but we really don t want him to smell A well well B badly badly C well bad D badly bad 解析 选 D 前半句 smells 是不及物动词 badly 修饰 smells 而后半句 smell 与 bad 是系表结构 4 These oranges taste A good B well C to be good D to be well 解析 选 A taste 为系动词 应用形容词 加以修饰 做表语 5 Do you think we can Class Three in the basketball match this evening A win B beat C hit D get 解析 选 B beat 对手 win 活动 Beat class three 及物动词 beat 的宾语为对手 Class three 6 They apologized for not being able to 用心 爱心 专心4 A offer us tea B offer tea us C offering us tea D offered tea 解析 选 A offer sb sth 主动提供某人某物 Offer 后可跟双宾语 相当于 offer sth to sb 7 They ve us 150 000 for the house Shall we take it A provided B supplied C shown D offered 解析 选 D A B 两项后不能接双宾语 C 项与句意不符 故选 D 8 There comes a woman herself Joan you know her A calling B called C who he calls D is calling 解析 选 A 现在分词作后置定语 意为 自称是 的人 9 If anyone happens to drop in while I am out him or her leave a message A have B get C ask D tell 解析 选 A have sb do sth B C 后都应跟动词不定式的复合结构 即 get ask tell sb to do 10 Her talent and experience her to the respect of her colleagues A permitted B qualified C deserved D entitled 解析 选 D permit 允许 1 后加名 代 动名词 2 后加宾语 to do sth qualify 使 具有资格 给 人 某种权利 其搭配式 qualify sb for as sth deserve 应受 奖励等 值得 后直接加宾语 entitle 给予某人获得某事物或做某事的权 利 其常用搭配式 entitle sb 并列句 由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子 叫并列句 常用的并列连词有 and but or so yet for either or not only but also neither nor 等等 The car broke down so we had to find a telephone 汽车出故障了 我们得找电话 You can wait here and I ll come back soon 你可以在这里等着 我很快就回来 Not only had the poor man been arrested but he had been sent to prison as well 这个可怜的人 不仅被逮捕 而且还被送进了监狱 注意事项 标点符号的正确使用 句号 逗号与分号在连接句子上的差异 句号在英文中主要是连接一个完整的句子 I have been there many times 逗号则是连接一个句子内部的并列成分 I will go to Shanghai Beijing and Shenzhen a small fancy bike 也用于连接两个较长的独立子句 而且每个句子的主语不同 常常会有并列连词 and or but so for 如 The Grizzlies were out of timeouts and Miller missed a desperation 3 pointer as time expired 分号用来分隔地位平等的独立子句 分号常常与句子的连接副词 therefore however thus 等 一起使用 如 I realize I need exercise however I ll lie down first to think about it 中国学生常误用下面的句子 It was raining hard they could not work in the fields 误 原因 上面句子中划横线的部分是两个不同的主语 而且逗点前后的句子是完整的 单独拿出来都能代表一个完整的意思 因此 用逗号违反了英文规定 即一个句子只能有 一套主干 看看下面的句子 It was raining hard they could not work in the fields It was raining hard They could not work in the fields 用心 爱心 专心5 It was raining so hard that they could not work in the fields They could not work in the fields because it was raining hard It was raining hard so they could not work in the fields As it was raining hard they could not work in the fields But however yet still 的区别 But 具有明显的对比转折之意 为并列连词 however 对比 转折意稍弱 且为副词 But 用于分句之首 且其后无符号隔开 而 however 位置比较灵活 可置于分句之首 之 中或之尾 且 however 之后常有逗号 My name is Robert but most of my friends call me Bob for short He said that it was so he was mistaken however Still 除表示 依 然用于句中外 还可表示 尽管如此 依然 为副词 前用分号 He has treated you badly still he s your brother and you ought to help him She was tired still she kept working Yet 可代替 but 但语气较生硬 Yet 可与 and 连用 but 却不可 Yet 可与 though 对应使用 but 却不可 He worked hard yet but he failed It is strange yet but it is true The book is not thick and yet it s hard to read Though although he was ill yet he managed to come 并列连词 so 不可与从属连词 because 连用 正 I couldn t find my pen so I wrote in pencil 误 Because I couldn t find my pen so I wrote in pencil And 和 or 连接祈使句和陈述句 祈使句表示条件 陈述句表示结果 有时祈使句部分可用名词短语构成 Work hard and you ll succeed If you work hard you ll succeed For 可作并列连词 表示原因 它与后面的分句对前一句话起到补充说明的作用 其前常 有逗号将前后两部分隔开 It must have rained last night for the ground is wet Because 也可以表示原因 但它是从属连词 它引导从句可以放于句首或句末 而 for 与 后面的分句只能放于前一分句的后面 Because 从句讲述的往往是直接原因 可用于回答 why 引起的问句 而 for 则不可 While 并列连词 用以表示对比或相反的情况 意为 而 却 I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream English is understood all over the world while Turkish is spoken by only a few people outside Turkey itself 真题演练 I do every single bit of housework my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then A since B while C when D as 解析 本句句意为 几乎每间家务事都是我做 而我丈夫 Bob 只是偶尔洗洗盘子而已 显然空白处应填入一词意为 而 却 表示前后意义的对比 只有 B 项 while 符合要求 复合句 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子 叫复合句 主句和从句都具有完成的主 语和谓语 从句常有连词引导 起到修饰 说明主句的作用 不能独立存在 根据从句在全句中的不同作用 从句可以分为宾语从句 主语从句 表语从句 同位语从 用心 爱心 专心6 句 定语从句和状语从句 前四种从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词 统称为名词性从句 连接主句和从句的关连词有以下几类 1 从属连词 That 无意义 before 在 之前 whether 是否 after 在 之后 if 假如 是否 since 既然 自从 although 虽然 as soon as 一 就 because 因为 as so long as 只要 when 当 时候 2 连接词 连接代词 whose whom which what 连接副词 when why where how 3 关系词 关系代词 who whom whose which that 关系副词 when why where 各种例句 What he said has proved right 主语从句 Everybody knows that money doesn t grow on trees 宾语从句 That s why I want you to work there 表语从句 She told us her hope that she would become a pianist 同位语从句 He is the man who I saw in the park yesterday 定语从句 Where I live there are plenty of trees 状语从句 真题演练 1 The artist was born poor he remained all his life A and B or C but D so 解析 选 A 考查几个常见连词的意义 前半句说 他出身贫苦 后半句 他一生清贫 因此可以判定两个分句之间是顺承关系 所以用并列连词 and B 项 or 表选择关系 或者 C 项表转折关系 D 项表因果关系 2 The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century 2008 北京卷 30 题 A which B that C what D who 解析 选 C 考查名词性从句 从 create 一词可判断本句为宾语从句 在从句中 they hope 为干扰因素 它在句子中视为插入语 这样就很容易看出从句没有主语 故 B 项错 A 项 which 后面一般需要加名词 如 which room you live in D 项 who 指代人 3 It is often said that the joy of traveling is in arriving at your destination in the journey itself A 不填 butB 不填 or C not or D not but 解析 选 D 考查常用句型 Not but 不是 而是 接平行结构 意为 人 们常说 旅行的乐趣不在到达目的地 而在旅行过程本身 4 I thought we d be late for the concert we ended up getting there ahead of time