虚拟语气的规则总结(word版).doc

虚拟语气虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。一、if从句：（一）表示与事实情况相反条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况过去式(did)(be常用 were)would / could / might / should + do表示过去情况过去完成式(had +done)would / could / might / should +have done表示将来情况过去式 (did)/(were)should + dowere to dowould / could / might / should + do（二）错综时间的虚拟句：通常情况下,在条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间一致, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间，其动词形式要根据时间而定。1. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去)。2. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在)。3. If we hadnt been working hard in the past few years, things wouldnt be going so smoothly.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。4. If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。5. If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow. （从句指现在，主句指将来） （三）省略：If 从句中含有were, should, had时，可省略if并把were, should, had提前。例如：Were I you, I wouldnt quarrel with him.备注：注：would, should, could与might的选择： 一般常用would，如同在真实条件句中主句常要用will一样。常译作“将、就会”。如：If I knew him, I would ask him for help. 如果我认识他的话，我就会向他求助。 should在虚拟条件句中用得最少，现在几乎不用。可能是因为在陈述语气中第一人称后面可以用shall，所以在虚拟语气中，理论上讲，第一人称后也可用should。但在现代英语中，特别是美语中，人们常说：Ill go home.或I will go home. 但很少人说I shall go home. 因此，在虚拟条件句中，should也很少用。 could用于虚拟条件句中时，有“能够，可能”之意。如：If you had come back a little earlier, you could have seen it yourself.如果你回来得再稍早一点，你就可能亲眼目睹这件事了。 might用于虚拟条件句时，常译作“或许”，表示可能性有，但不敢肯定。如：If I had been there, I might have quarreled with him. 如果我当时在场的话，我或许会和他吵起来。二、（should）do （should可以省略）形式的虚拟：宾语、表语、同位语都要求虚拟（一）一坚持（insist） 一推荐（recommend）三命令 (order, command, direct) 三建议 (suggest, advice, propose)五要求（demand, require, request, urge, ask）口诀：I drop cars. Crid soap即“I：insist坚决，D：demand/desire要求/请求，R：request请求require要求/需要，O：order命令，P：propose建议，C：command命令，A：ask命令，advise建议，P：prefer宁愿，S：suggest建议”注意： insist:坚决宣称, 坚持认为，坚持说，固执己见（不虚拟）坚决要求，坚持（虚拟）suggest：暗示（不虚拟）建议, 提议（虚拟）1. The man insisted that he didnt steal the wallet and should be set free now.2. Her pale face suggested that she was badly ill, so I suggested that she should go to see a doctor at once.3. My suggestion is that he should go there at once.4. It is suggested that he should go there at once.5. I made a suggestion that he should go there at once.6. This is the suggestion that/ which he made at the meeting.（定语从句不用虚拟）（二） It is adj. for sb. that 主语+(should) do. （也可不虚拟） It is a pity/ a shame/ no wonder that主语+(should) do. （也可不虚拟） 例如：1. It is necessary that he should be sent to the hospital at once.2. It is a pity that he should miss such a golden chance.三、It is (high) time that 虚拟） 过去式should do(should不能省略)It is time that we got up.should get up.四、would / could / might / should +have done（一）without, but for, 主语+ would / could / might / should +have done。（如果不；要不是）例：But for your help yesterday, I couldnt have done it well.（二） but: 主语+ would / could / might / should +have done, but+句子.（真实的）otherwise:句子（真实的），otherwise主语+ would / could / might / should +have done.例：I would have taken part in the sports meeting, but I was ill.I was ill; otherwise I would have taken part in the sports meeting.五、wish, as if/ though, if only的从句： 过去式(did)(be常用 were) (表示与现在事实情况相反)过去完成式(had done) (表示与过去事实情况相反)would / could / might + do(表示与将来事实情况相反)例如：If only he had visited us yesterday.六、would rather do than do +句子（虚拟） 过去式(did)(be常用 were) 表示与现在或将来情况相反 过去完成式(had +done) 表示与过去情况相反七、Long live +主语！ 例：Long live the people! May you do sth.! 例：May you succeed!八、had+ expected/wanted/intended/planned/hoped/wished/