上海市六校2018届高三12月联考英语试题

2017 学年第一学期高三联合调研学年第一学期高三联合调研 II Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 20 Directions After reading the passage below fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct For the blanks with a given word fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word for the other blanks use one word that best fits each blank How to Find Happiness without Buying it Our materialistic society has led us to believe that happiness cannot be obtained without having money Rather than learning to be satisfied with what we have we 21 teach to want more We learn from advertising and from the media 22 we need to buy trinkets and toys in order to make ourselves happy or 23 fulfill emotional needs and that the purchases they are trying to talk us into will provide us with the psychological comfort we are looking for Unfortunately as a society we have bought into these 24 misguide messages and have come to believe that 25 spend money on certain items will bring us fame fortune happiness beauty or popularity As a result we trade hours of our lives working sacrificing time that 26 have been spent with our families 27 the pursuit of the almighty dollar Actually there are a number of ways to enjoy life without the need for a great deal of money For example Think about 28 you would spend your time and what you would do for enjoyment Change your focus from material possessions to 29 that bring you enjoyment such as spending quality time with your family and friends Certainly it is important to work and earn enough to provide for our basic needs and the needs of our families but it is important to recognize when the desire for personal possessions becomes overly consuming 30 otherwise will upset a balance between a satisfying work life and a rich home life The best way to achieve such a balance is to ensure the drive for material possessions does not become all consuming 答案 are taught that to fulfill misguided spending could for how others which 分析 21 考查时态语态 句子缺谓语 teach sb 但是这里 teach 没有宾语 所以用被动 22 考查连词 这是个宾语从句 从句不缺成分以及没有疑问意思 所以用 that 23 考查非谓语 前面有个 or 表示并列 所以跟前面的 to make 并列 所以填 to fulfill 24 考查非谓语 做后面 messages 的前置定语 表示被动 所以填 done 的形式 25 考查非谓语 spend 动名词在从句中的主语 26 考查情态动词 that 后面是个从句 动词原形前考虑情态动词 根据句意 填写 could 27 考查介词 后面是个名词短语 想到介词 根据句意填写 for 表示为了 28 考查连词 think about 后面是个宾语从句 根据句意是填写 how 29 考查代词 from to 根据这个短语判断填写名词 但是不可以 所以想到代词 根据 句意填写 others 30 考查连词 这里 which 指代前面整句句子 Section B Directions Complete the following passage by using the words in the box Each word can only be used once Note that there is one word more than you need A addictionB downwardC accessD unfairE urged F essentialG analyticalH forcedI relianceJ criticizedK fall A pen has always been a n 31 tool when it comes to taking exams However in this digital age this traditional tool may become a thing of the past Cambridge University in Britain is considering ending 800 years of written exams and allowing students to use laptops 手提电脑 or iPads to take exams instead The move comes after Cambridge teachers complained that students handwriting is becoming too hard to recognize The 32 in being able to write neatly could largely be down to the 33 on laptops in lectures and elsewhere There has definitely been a 34 trend It is difficult for both the students and the examiners as it is harder and harder to read these scripts Sarah Pearsall a senior lecturer at the university told The Telegraph As a result more and more students with poor handwriting are being 35 to return to university during the summer holidays to read their answers aloud to university administrators However some 36 the move fearing the handwritten word would become a lost art Tracey Trussell a handwriting expert at the British Institute of Graphologists 37 Cambridge to make sure that students continue to write by hand particularly in lectures She told The Telegraph that writing by hand could help students improve their memory and understand lessons better Meanwhile there are also concerns that primary and secondary schools could follow Cambridge s examples In fact a similar plan was carried out for some first and second year students at Edinburgh University in the UK in 2011 reported The Scotsman Senior officials at the university believed it was 38 to expect students to use pens and paper during exams when most of their coursework was done using computers The move also echoes the opinions of Harvard professor Eric Mazur known as the father of the flipped classroom 翻转课堂 He believed that the rise of the 39 to mobile internet means that we live in an age in which we don t need to memorize anything Students should be tested on their creative and 40 skills rather than the ability to remember information he said during the Times Higher Education World Academic Summit in September 答案 F K I B H J E D C G 分析 31 修饰 tool 填形容词 指在以前笔是考试必要的工具 32 此处填名词 指的是如今越来越少的人能够书写工整了 33 此处填名词 根据介词搭配 on 指是由于人们在讲座等其他地方对于笔记本电脑的依 赖 34 修饰 trend 用形容词 表明这种慢慢用电脑取代笔考试的形式有下行的趋势 35 此处填动词过去分词 表被动 指那些书写糟糕的学生被迫在暑期来到学校将自己的 答案大声读给学校领导听 36 此处填动词过去式 根据 however 表转折 指有些批判这一做法 37 此处填动词过去式 指专家极力规劝学生尽量采取书写 特别是在讲座中 38 此处填形容词 指对于在大多数课程中使用电脑完成作业的学生来说 期望他们考试 时用纸和笔是不公平的 39 此处填名词 指随着越来越多人接触到互联网手机移动的环境 我们生活在一个不需 要记忆太多的时代 因为使用网络就可以搜到 40 修饰 skills 用形容词 指的是测试学生的创造和分析能力 III Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A B C and D Fill in each blank with the work or phrase that best fits the context It s no secret that as a population Americans have been getting heavier but researchers now say that our weight problem may be worse than we thought In a study published in the journal PLOS One lead author Dr Eric Braverman says that our current measure of obesity 肥胖症 body mass index or BMI significantly 41 the number of people especially women who are obese Braverman and his co author Dr Nirav Shah studied 1 400 men and women comparing their BMI measurement to their percentage of body fat as measured by a dual energy X ray absorptiometry DEXA scan While BMI is a simple ratio of a person s height and weight the DEXA scan which is normally used to measure body density 密度 can 42 between bone fat and muscle mass Based on BMI about one third of Americans are considered obese but when other methods of measuring obesity are used that number may be 43 to 60 according to Braverman Physicians have complained for years that BMI is a n 44 measure of healthy weight Extremely muscular people 45 may weigh too much for their height since dense muscle mass weighs more than fat thus qualifying as obese even if their bodies contain very little fat Yet it s not extra weight itself but excess fat that 46 health problems People aren t being diagnosed as obese so they re not being told about their risk of disease or being given 47 on how to improve their health Braverman said Data show that people who 48 to put on pounds are more likely to continue getting heavier increasing their risk for a number of diseases So why is BMI still being used if it s not 49 For now it s the best and easiest way for physicians to measure a person s healthy weight while taking into account his or her general body 50 DEXA scans are far too expensive to be used as a 51 measure during doctor s visits BMI isn t perfect but many experts say it s the best they have Still as results like Braverman s continue to 52 it may be time to consider other ways of tracking weight and 53 body fat It s important to point out the 54 of the BMI Dr Richard Bergman director of Cedars Sinai s Obesity and Diabetes Research Institute in Los Angeles said It s a poor measure of 55 and we do need better measures 41 A predicts B underestimates C increases D reduces 42 A compare B recognize C identify D distinguish 43 A closer B related C devoted D key 44 A important B imperfect C incredible D uncertain 45 A for example B in contrast C in addition D without doubt 46 A arises from B owes to C leads to D goes through 47 A views B orders C instruction D focus 48 A decide B start C hope D fear 49 A right B recognizable C popular D precise 50 A structure B well being C function D weight 51 A special B routine C scientific D decisive 52 A fill in B run out C go down D build up 53 A in particular B on occasion C after all D in all 54 A mistakes B failure C inferiority D weakness 55 A health B body C fatness D diseases 答案 B D A B A C C B D A B D A D C 分析 41 联系前后文 关键 our weight problem may be worse than we thought 说明 BMI 指 数的测量方式低估了一些肥胖人士 A 预测 C 增加 D 减少 42 根据后半句 意思是 DEXA 扫描方式可用以测量骨骼密度 精细地区分骨骼 脂肪和 肌肉的各自质量 A 比较 B 认出 识别 C 认出 鉴定 43 联系下文 指用其他方式测量后 肥胖人数会增加 接近至 60 B 有关 C 致力于 奉献 D 关键 钥匙 答案 44 根据后文 关键 complain 指医生一直都在抱怨 BMI 是有缺陷的测量方式 A 重 要的 C 难以置信的 D 不确定的 45 对 BMI 的缺陷进行列举 特别是对于肌肉型人士 B 与 形成对比 C 另外 D 不假 思索 毫无疑问 46 指过度肥胖会导致健康问题 A 升起 出现 B 归因于 D 经历 苦难等 47 联系下文 指给予如何改善自身健康的指导 A 观点 B 指令 D 焦点 48 根据句子意思判断 意为那些开始增重的人更可能会持续肥胖下去 增加他们患疾病 的风险 49 联系前文 指如果 BMI 不精确 那么为什么仍旧会使用它呢 A 正确的 B 可识别的 C 流行的 50 指将一个人总体的身体体型考虑在体重的健康测量中 B 幸福 C 功能 D 体重 51 根据句子意思 意为如果 DEXA 作为医生的日常就诊进行测量的话 过于昂贵了 A 特别的 C 科学的 D 决定性的 果断的 52 指类似于 Braverman 所得出的结论不断涌现出来 A 填充 B 用完 C 下降 53 联系上下文 指应该有更好的方式去监测体重 特别是人体脂肪含量的测量 B 有时 C 毕竟 D 总共 54 指重要的是 我们应该指出 BMI 的缺陷不足 A 错误 B 失败 C 劣势 下等 55 A 健康 B 身体 D 疾病 总结性语句 指 BMI 是有缺陷的测量方式 AB 两个选项 过于笼统 未突出 BMI 受到质疑主要是由于它对于人体脂肪的测量不够精确这个缺陷 Section B 22 分分 Directions Read the following three passage E ach passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements For each of them are four choices marked A B C and D Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read A While a female politician or first lady can use her clothing to create a favorable public image male politicians don t have as many fashion choices to play with But Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau seems to have discovered a goldmine his socks He s been seen wearing statement socks at many public events For example during a NATO 北大西洋公约组织 meeting in Brussels in May Trudeau wore one blue sock and one pink both with the NATO symbol printed on them And in June he wore a pair of socks with the pattern of maple leaves a national symbol of Canada when he appeared on a TV show The New York Times editor Vanessa Friedman praised Trudeau s play on his socks as clever Socks are subtle 微妙的 enough not to be distracting but visible enough that you can t miss the point she wrote Rarely have a man s ankles said so much But not all the playful socks that Trudeau wears send some kind of political message some of them are just for fun One example is a pair he wore during a meeting with Enda Kenny then the prime minister of Ireland in Montreal on May 4 During their meeting Trudeau wore Star Wars socks simply because that day happened to be International Star Wars Day If this pair of socks sent out any message according to Vogue magazine reporter Emily Farra that message was just that he has a quirky side and loves George Lucas films she wrote However some say that 45 year old Trudeau s unusual sock choices show a childish side of the prime minister that proves he isn t mature enough to be the leader of a country But Friedman doesn t see it that way The socks have been a source of pride and applause on an international scale a symbol both of Mr Trudeau s ability to embrace multiculturalism and of his position as a next generation leader not bound by old traditions she wrote They have opened up possibilities for the future 1 Trudeau wore a pair of socks with the pattern of maple leaves to A distract audience s attention from the TV shows B send a message that he is proud of his country C narrow the gap between politician and civilians D claim that he is the new generation leader of the country 2 The underlined word quirky is closest in meaning to A abnormal B serious C enthusiastic D odd 3 According to Friedman Justin Trudeau A has a promising future but still an inexperienced politician B used a clever way to explore and finally discovered a goldmine C is open minded and is ready to accept different cultures D is a leader who has abandoned old traditions to build up his future 4 The article is mainly about A the strange hobby of a young politician B a young leader s clever choice of socks C how male politicians maintain public image D the gender difference in modern politicians 答案 1 B 2 D 3 C 4 B 解析 1 细节理解题 根据文章第二段最后一句话 he wore a pair of socks with the pattern of maple leaves a national symbol of Canada when he appeared on a TV show 可知 枫叶是加拿 大的这个国家的象征 所以 Trudeau 穿着带有枫叶图案的袜子表示他热爱他的国家 2 猜测词义题 根据文章第五段 not all the playful socks that Trudeau wears send some kind of political message some of them are just for fun 可知不是所有 Trudeau 穿的袜子都带有 政治色彩 有些纯属好玩 第六段主要讲了一个 Trudeau 在和 Enda Kenny 的会议中穿 了一双有星球大战图案的袜子的例子 根据前文可以猜测 Vogue 杂志的记者 Emily Farra 说 如果说这也有什么含义的话 那一定是奇怪的含义 3 细节理解题 根据文章最后一段 a symbol both of Mr Trudeau s ability to embrace multiculturalism and of his position as a next generation leader not bound by old traditions 和 They have opened up possibilities for the future 可知 Friedman 认为 Trudeau 是一个思 想开明 勇于接受文化多样性的总统 故答案选择 C 4 主旨大意题 这篇文章主要讲的是加拿大总理 Trudeau 出于各种政治或者个人喜好等 原因在不同的场合穿着带有不同图案的袜子的事件 B 选项符合主旨 B CAFE DISPLAY OUR JOURNEYS 12 April 29 May 2008 Young people explore how they have adapted to life in Oxford When I first came here says one young African woman I just wanted to cry all the time And now I have learned to laugh again Working with photographer Rory Carnegie and writer Nikki van der Gaag young men and women explore their journey from the time they first arrived in a strange place to where they find themselves today Organized by The Sunday Times Oxford Literary Festival 10 17 April 2008 Supported by the Maggie Black Trust and Oxford City Council ACTIVlTlES FOR CHlLDREN AND FAMILIES MODERN ART TROLLEY FREE Art activities for children every weekend during the exhibition in the Entrance Space from 2 p m to 4 p m Just drop in Children must be led by an adult WORKSHOP FOR 8 TO 12 YEAR OLDS Thursday 7 April 10 30 a m to 1 30 p m Looking at themes from the exhibition and exploring pictures based ideas through group discussion and using digital cameras Led by Judie Waldmann BOOK LAUNCH FREE The Drawing Book by Sarah Simblet is a practical approach to drawing the world around you Sarah Simblet who teaches at the Ruskin School of Drawing and Fine Art University of Oxford will be present to give a short talk about the development of her book Special price of 18 on copies purchased in the evening Booking recommended on 01865 813802 TEACHERS EVENING FREE Thursday 21 April 5 p m to 7 30 p m Lecture by Susan Bright independent writer and lecturer at 5 30 p m followed by an opportunity to view the exhibition FREE Education Notes will be provided for teachers attending the evening WORKSHOP FOR PRIMARY TEACHERS Saturday 7 May 10 30 a m to 1 30 p m Workshop for primary teachers who would like to develop their practical art skill as well as gain an understanding of modern art practice Led by Judie Waldmann artist and former primary school teacher TALKS AND WORKSHOPS FOR SCHOOL GROUPS Exhibition talks and artist led workshops to create work in response to the exhibition are available for pre booked school groups Suitable for primary and secondary schools to check availability and discuss details call Sarah Mossop on 1865 813816 1 If you are a teacher and interested in art you probably would like to go to A TEACHERS EVENING B MODERN ART TROLLEY C WORKSHOP FOR PRIMARY TEACHERS D TALKS AND WORKSHOPS FOR SCHOOL GROUPS 2 What can we learn from the passage A Susan Bright will give a short talk at the launch of the Drawing Book B Rory Carnegie and Nikki will teach young people how to take photos C The workshop led by Judie is intended for the secondary school students D The children who go to the Modern Art Trolley must be led by an adult 3 Which of the following would be the best title of the text A Free journeys B Spring events C Weekend Activities D Activities for teachers 答案 1 C 2 D 3 B 解析 1 细节理解题 根据文章倒数第二段 Workshop for primary teachers who would like to develop their practical art skill as well as gain an understanding of modern art practice 可知 答案选择 C 2 细节理解题 可直接在文章第三段 MODERN ART TROLLEY FREE 标题下找到 Children must be led by an adult 这句话从而判断答案选择 D 也可运用排除法 根据 BOOK LAUNCH FREE 标题下 The Drawing Book by Sarah Simblet is a practical approach to drawing the world around you Sarah Simblet who teaches at the Ruskin School of Drawing and Fine Art University of Oxford will be present to give a short talk about the development of her book 可知是 Sarah Simblet 而不是 Susan Bright 要发表讲话 故 A 错 根据文章第一段和第二段可知文中并没有说 Rory Carnegie 和 Nikki 要教年轻人摄影 定位 Judie 到标题 WORKSHOP FOR 8 TO 12 YEAR OLDS 下面 但根据标题可知 这个 workshop 主要针对的是 8 到 12 岁的孩子 故 C 错 3 推断题 可运用排除法 首先除了部分标题显示是 FREE 之外 其他并没有明确说是 否免费 所以 A 不合适 WORKSHOP FOR 8 TO 12 YEAR OLDS 和 TEACHERS EVENING FREE 这两个活动是在周四举办 所以并不是所有活动都是在周末 所以 C 排除 根据 WORKSHOP FOR 8 TO 12 YEAR OLD 可知不是所有的活动都是针对 老师的 所以 D 排除 答案选择 B C Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in involves the utilization of a decision worksheet Psychologists who study optimization compare actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are Supporters of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal that is the best decisions Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheet can take they are all similar in their essential aspects Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem Next the relevant considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision Since most important problems are multifaceted 多层面的 there are several alternatives to