【完胜高考】2014届高三英语一轮复习 阅读理解精品训练（8）（含解析）

1 完胜高考完胜高考 2014 2014 届高三一轮复习精品训练 阅读理解 届高三一轮复习精品训练 阅读理解 8 8 解析版 解析版 阅读下列短文 从每题所给的 A B C 和 D 项中 选出最佳选项 并在答题卡上将该 项涂黑 A Green invaders are taking over America Not invaders from space but plants You might not think of plants as dangerous but in this case they are threatening nature s delicate food chain The invaders are plants brought here from other countries to make gardens and yards look pretty Ever since people started to arrive on America s shores they have carried along trees flowers and vegetables from other places Now there are so many of those plants they are crowding out the native plants that have lived here since before human settlers arrived And that s a problem says Dr Doug Tallamy He s insect expert at the University of Delaware He explains that almost all the plant eating insects in the United States are specialized which means they eat only certain plants Monarch butterfly caterpillars 幼虫 for example dine on milkweed If people cut down milkweed and replace it with another plant the butterflies will not have the food source that they need to survive But the trouble doesn t stop there When insects can t get the right plants to eat and they die off then the birds don t have enough bugs for their meals Tallamy points out that almost all migrating birds depend on insets to feed their young We cannot let the plants and animals around us disappear says Tallamy The way to preserve them is to give them food to eat But when we plant non native plants we are clobbering the food chain because then we don t have the insects the birds need to live Fewer of the right plants mean fewer bugs and fewer bugs mean fewer birds And that s bad for the Earth because we need a variety of living things 2 to keep the planet healthy and beautiful The good news is garden centers sell native plants Just Google native plants and your location and you can find out which plants really belong where you live says Tallamy 26 26 HowHow diddid greengreen invadesinvades arrivearrive atat America America A They fell down from space B They floated to the America s shores C They were brought in from foreign countries D They has lived here since human settlers arrived 答案 C 解析 细节理解题 根据 The invaders are plants brought here from other countries to make gardens and yards look pretty 它们是从国外引进的植物 故选 C 27 27 AccordingAccording toto Dr Tallamy whichDr Tallamy which ofof thethe followingsfollowings aboutabout thethe insectsinsects inin thethe USUS isis NOTNOT true true A Almost all the plant eating insects in a place eat certain plants B Monarch butterfly caterpillars can t survive without milkweed C If insects can t eat the right plants they will find another one D The insects death will greatly affect the migrating birds survival 答案 C 解析 细节理解题 根据 When insects can t get the right plants to eat and they die off 找不到合适的植物他们就会灭绝 选项 C 不符原文 故选 C 28 TheThe underlinedunderlined word clobber inword clobber in ParagraphParagraph 5 5 isis closestclosest inin meaningmeaning toto A protect B damage C create D collect 答案 B 解析 词义猜测题 根据 because then we don t have the insects the birds need to live 可知它的 意思 破坏 故选 B 29 29 WeWe cancan knowknow whetherwhether a a plantplant isis nativenative byby A Googling on the Internet B asking Dr Doug Tallamy 3 C looking up in books D searching in garden 答案 A 解析 细节理解题 根据 Just Google native plants and your location and you can find out which plants really belong where you live 故选 A 30 30 WhatWhat isis thethe bestbest titletitle ofof thethe passpass age age A Green invaders local living things B Green invaders dangerous food chain B Green invaders environmental protectors D Green invades threat to local nature 答案 D 解析 标题归纳题 根据全文的内容来看主要叙述的是外来的植物对当地大自然带来的 威胁 故选 D B In Western countries people have been using the installment plan since the first half of the twentieth century Today a large number of families in Great Britain buy furniture household goods and cars by installments In the U S the figure is much higher than in Great Britain and people there spend over 10 percent of their income on the installment plan The price of an article bought on installments is always higher than the price that would be paid by cash There is a charge for interest The buyers pays one quarter or one third of the price as a down payment when the goods are delivered to him He then makes regular payments weekly or monthly until the full price is paid up The legal ownership of the goods remains with the seller until the final payment has been made Installment buying has advantages and disadvantages It can help couples with small incomes to furnish their homes and start housekeeping It increases the demand for goods and in this way helps business and employment There is however the danger that when business is bad installment buying may end suddenly making business much worse This may result in a great increase in unemployment If the people on the installment plan lose their jobs they will 4 probably not be able to make their payments If great numbers of people are not able to pay their installment debts there is a possibility that businessmen cannot collect their debts and will therefore lose money If businessmen lose money or fail to make a satisfactory profit it becomes more likely to have a depression This is why in some countries the government controls the installment plan by fixing the amount of the down payment to discourage people from buying more than they can pay for on the installment plan 31 31 WhichWhich ofof thethe followingfollowing isis truetrue aboutabout thethe installmentinstallment plan plan A British families just use the installment plan to buy furniture B More than 10 precent American families buy things on installment C Americans spend more on installment buying than British people do D The payment of installment buying is easier than buying by cash 答案 C 解析 细节理解题 根据 In the U S the figure is much higher than in Great Britain 美国比英国的办理分期付款的人多 故选 C 32 32 GoodsGoods boughtbought onon installmentsinstallments areare moremore expensiveexpensive thanthan goodsgoods boughtbought byby cashcash because because A the buyer has to pay extra money as interest B the delivery of the goods charges extra money C the buyer has to pay a down payment D The service offered by installment plan charged extra money 答案 A 解析 细节理解题 根据 The price of an article bought on installments is always higher than the price that would be paid by cash There is a charge for interest 买方必须支付额外的钱作为利息 故选 A 33 33 WhatWhat willwill happenhappen toto a a buyerbuyer ifif hehe failsfails toto makemake thethe fullfull paymentpayment forfor anan itemitem boughtbought onon installments installments A He might lose his job B He will stop owning the item he has bought C He will have to sell what he has bought D He will go into debt 5 答案 B 解析 细节理解题 根据 The legal ownership of the goods remains with the seller until the final payment has been made 货物的法定所有权属于卖方直到最后 全款结清 故选 B 34 34 TheThe advantagesadvantages ofof installmentinstallment buyingbuying mightmight includeinclude allall thethe followingsfollowings EXCEPTEXCEPT thatthat A purchasing power is strengthened B Employment might be increased C People develop a good habit of saving money D Young couples are able to furnish their homes 答案 C 解析 细节理解题 根据 It increases the demand for goods 故选项 A 符合原文 and in this way helps business and employment 故选项 B 符合原文 It can help couples with small incomes to furnish their homes 故选项 D 符合原文 原文而没有 提到选项 C 的内容 故选 C 35 35 InIn somesome countries thecountries the governmentgovernment controlscontrols thethe installmentinstallment planplan to to A increase employment B avoid depressions B ensure that businesses make good profits D ensure that people can pay for what they buy 答案 D 解析 细节理解题 根据 the government controls the installment plan by fixing the amount of the down payment to discourage people from buying more than they can pay for on the installment plan 目的确保人们能够偿还他们买东西的欠款 故选 D C The first day of school our professor introduced himself and challenged us to get to know someone we didn t know I stood up to look around when a gentle hand touched my shoulder I turned around to find a wrinkled little old lady beaming up at me with a smile that lit up her entire being She said Hi girl My name is Rose I m 87 years old Can give you a hug 6 I laughed and enthusiastically responded Of course you may and she gave me a giant squeeze Why are you in college at such a young innocent age I asked She jokingly replied I m here to meet a rich husband get married have a couple of children and then retire and travel No seriously I said I was curious what may have motivated her to be taking on this challenge at her age I always dreamed of having a college education and now I m getting one she told me Over the course of the year Rose because a campus icon and she easily made friends wherever she went She loved to dress up and she reveled in the attention bestowed upon her from the other students She was living it up At the end of the semester we invited Rose to speak at our football banquet I ll never forget what she taught us We do not stop playing because we are old we grow old because we stop playing There are only two secrets to staying young being happy and achieving success You have to laugh and find humor everyday Your ve got to have a dream When you lose your dreams you die she said The idea is to grow up by always finding the opportunity in change Have no regrets The elderly usually don t have regrets for what we did but rather for things we did not do The only people who fear death are those with regrets She concluded her speech by courageously singing The Song of Rose She challenged each of us study the lyrics 歌词 and live them out in our daily lives At the year s end Rose finished the college degree she had begun all those years ago One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep 36 36 RoseRose mademade herselfherself knownknown toto thethe authorauthor inin a a manner manner 26 serious B cold C crazy D humorous 答案 D 7 解析 细节理解题 根据 She said Hi girl My name is Rose I m 87 years old Can give you a hug I laughed and enthusiastically responded Of course you may and she gave me a giant squeeze Why are you in college at such a young innocent age I asked She jokingly replied I m here to meet a rich husband get married have a couple of children and then retire and travel 可知 她以幽默的方式与作者见面 故选 D 37 37 FromFrom thethe informationinformation providedprovided inin thethe passage wepassage we know know A Rose finished the college degree within a year B Rose did realize her dream of meeting a rich husband and getting married through college education C Rose enjoyed her campus life very much D Rose grew so old that she stopped playing 答案 C 解析 推理判断题 根据 At the year s end Rose finished the college degree she had begun all those years ago 可推知她喜欢校园生活 故选 C 38 38 RoseRose delivereddelivered thethe speech speech A at the graduation B which she prepared carefully C ended with The Song of Rose D to challenge all the other speakers 答案 C 解析 细节理解题 根据 She concluded her speech by courageously singing The Song of Rose 她以 The Song of Rose 歌结束了她的演讲 故选 C 39 39 AccordingAccording toto herher speech speech A whenever you have a dream you succeed B All people don t grow up while growing older C Rose usually regretted having done something D a nine year old is as old as a 87 year old if he doesn t do anything 答案 B 解析 细节理解题 根据 We do not stop playing because we are old we grow old because we stop playing 故选 B 40 40 TheThe bestbest titletitle forfor thethe passagepassage cancan be be 8 A Growing Older or Growing Up B It s Never too Old to learn C Humour Does Count D Challenge Yourself 答案 A 解析 标题归纳题 根据 I ll never forget what she taught us We do not stop playing because we are old we grow old because we stop playing 根据全文 的内容又因为标题还必须有吸引力又能概括短文的大意故选 A D Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life Relationships with family friends neighbours even pets will all do the trick but the biggest longevity 长寿 boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr who who wrote that widows and widowers 鳏夫 were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man s life and two to a woman s The effect holds for all causes of death whether illness accident or self harm Even if the odds are stacked against you the conditions are not favourable marriage can more than compensate Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart Likewise a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn t smoke There s a flip side however as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouses death and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems Even so the odds favour marriage In a 30 year study of more than 10 000 people Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects So how does it work The effects are complex affected by socio economic factors health service provision emotional support and other more physiological mechanisms 机制 For example social contact can boost development of the brain 9 and immune system leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life People in supportive relationships may handle stress better Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner A life partner children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100 The best social network is still being mapped out but Christakis says People are interconnected so their health is interconnected 41 41 WilliamWilliam Farr sFarr s studystudy andand otherother studiesstudies showshow that that A social life provides an effective cure for illness B Being sociable helps improve one s quality of life C Women benefit more than men from marriage D Marriage contributes a great deal to longevity 答案 D 解析 细节理解题 根据 the biggest longevity 长寿 boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship 故选 D 42 42 LindaLinda Waite sWaite s studiesstudies supportsupport thethe ideaidea that that A older me