英语总复习专项练习导学案(复合句)

1 英语总复习专项练习教学案英语总复习专项练习教学案 复合句复合句 编写人 孟娟编写人 孟娟 学习目标学习目标 1 掌握初中阶段学过的从句掌握初中阶段学过的从句 2 掌握从句的做题技巧掌握从句的做题技巧 学生自学学生自学 1 初中阶段学过的从句共有初中阶段学过的从句共有 种 他们是种 他们是 2 总结宾语从句的用法 完成总结宾语从句的用法 完成 预习展示预习展示 1 3 总结状语从句的用法 完成总结状语从句的用法 完成 预习展示预习展示 2 4 总结定语从句的用法 完成总结定语从句的用法 完成 预习展示预习展示 3 预习展示预习展示 1 1 宾语从句的概念 宾语从句的概念 在复合句中起在复合句中起 的作用的作用 2 句子结构 句子结构 主句主句 连词 引导词 连词 引导词 宾语从句宾语从句 3 宾语从句三要点 宾语从句三要点 1 语序 语序 语序 就是语序 就是 be 动词 助动词 情态动词在动词 助动词 情态动词在 之后 之后 2 引导词 陈述句充当宾语从句引导词用 引导词 陈述句充当宾语从句引导词用 一般疑问句充当宾语从句引导词用一般疑问句充当宾语从句引导词用 特殊疑问句充当宾语从句引导词用特殊疑问句充当宾语从句引导词用 3 时态 主句 时态 主句 从句从句 主句主句 从句从句 4 否定前移否定前移 当主句主语为第 当主句主语为第 人称而谓语动词为人称而谓语动词为 等时 宾语等时 宾语 从句中的否定词从句中的否定词 not 前移到前移到 主句中 否定主句的动词 构成否定前移主句中 否定主句的动词 构成否定前移 5 反意疑问 一般复合句的反意疑问句都是反意主句 但当主句主语为第反意疑问 一般复合句的反意疑问句都是反意主句 但当主句主语为第 人称而谓人称而谓 语动词为语动词为 等时 要反意从句 等时 要反意从句 6 宾语从句与简单句的转换 宾语从句与简单句的转换 疑问词疑问词 动词不定式动词不定式 条件 条件 预习展示预习展示 2 1 状语从句的概念 状语从句的概念 在复合句中起在复合句中起 的作用 修饰主句中的的作用 修饰主句中的 2 状语从句的分类状语从句的分类 状语从句的分类状语从句的分类从句的引导词从句的引导词例句例句 时间状语从句时间状语从句When 等等 1 I was doing my homework my mother came in 2 He did not go to bed his father came back 条件状语从句条件状语从句if weather stops me I go for a walk every day 原因状语从句原因状语从句because everyone is here let s begin our meeting 2 目的状语从句目的状语从句 He gets up every morning so that he can catch the bus 结果状语从句结果状语从句 It s hot nobody wants to go out 让步状语从句让步状语从句 you go I will go with you you come I will wait for you 比较状语从句比较状语从句 He is as tall as Tom 地点状语从句地点状语从句 Sit you like 方式状语从句方式状语从句 He spokes as if he had been there before 预习展示预习展示 3 1 关于定语从句的概念 关于定语从句的概念 1 定语从句就是在复合句里充当定语从句就是在复合句里充当 的从句 它通常紧靠在所修饰的的从句 它通常紧靠在所修饰的 或或 后面 后面 2 就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词 就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词 3 引导定语从句的词叫引导定语从句的词叫 2 引导定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词 关系代词有关系代词有 关系副词有关系副词有 3 关系代词的基本用法 关系代词的基本用法 作主语作宾语 作定语 指人 指物 关系代词在定语从句中作关系代词在定语从句中作 时可省略 作时可省略 作 则不可省略 则不可省略 4 关系副词的基本用法关系副词的基本用法 关系副词在定语从句中作关系副词在定语从句中作 分别表示分别表示 和和 5 只能用 只能用 that 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 1 先行词被 先行词被 修饰时 修饰时 2 先行词是 先行词是 all any everything anything none the one 等等 或被它们修饰时或被它们修饰时 3 当主句是 当主句是 为避免重复 只用 为避免重复 只用 that 4 先行词既 先行词既 又又 时 时 5 先行词被 先行词被 修饰时 修饰时 教师精讲教师精讲 1 宾语从句宾语从句 1 宾语从句的概念 在复合句中作宾语的从句 2 句子结构 主句 连词 引导词 宾语从句 3 宾语从句三要点 语序 引导词 时态 1 语序 陈述语序 什么是陈述句语序呢 就是 be 动词 助动词 情态动词在 之后 3 改错 His brother asks when will he go to the library I don t know what does he want to buy Can you tell me who are we going to meet 2 引导词 A 宾语从句是陈述句 包括肯定句和否定句 用 that 引导 that 在从句中不作成分 也 无具体意思 可省略 He will be back in an hour I think 合为一句 I should visit the headmaster I feel 合为一句 注意 在主句为动词 be 加某些形容词 如 sorry sure afraid glad 等 作表语时 后面所跟的省略 that 的从句也可算是宾语从句 翻译 对不起我不知道 我们确信我们队将赢 恐怕他将不会通过考试 B 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时 由连词 if whether 引导 Were you at home at nine yesterday The policeman wanted to know 合为一句 Can we find out some information about that city Let s see 合为一句 注意 在宾语从句中一般情况下 if 和 whether 可相互替换 以下情况只能用 whether 不能用 if a 在介词后面只能用 whether 不能用 if b 动词不定式之前只用 whether 不能用 if c 后面紧跟 or not 时只用 whether 不能用 if d 用在句子开头时只用 whether 不能用 if We are worried about 明天是否下雨 They asked me 是否去溜冰 He asked 我是否完成了作业 他是否会来 我们都不知道 we all don t know C 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时 由疑问词引导 3 时态 A 主句是一般现在时 从句的时态根据需要而定 I know that he join the League in 1985 I see that they play football over there Tell me where he live I want to know how long you have this bike I hear that he come tomorrow B 主句是一般过去时 从句用过去的某一时态 I knew who live here I saw she talk with her mother He asked whether his father come back tomorrow 4 He said that he see it C 当从句是客观事实普遍真理时用一般现在时 The teacher said that the sun travel around the earth It was true that there be twelve months in a year 注意 a could would 是委婉语气 而不是过去式 因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时 态 Could you please tell me where we show our tickets Would you like to know when he come back b 连词 if 和 when 在不同从句中的区别 Do you know if back next week If he back please let me know A he comes will come B will he come comes C he will come comes D he will come will come I don t know when he come I can t wait here any more When he come would you please ask him to call me c 否定前移 当主句主语为第一人称而谓语动词为 think suppose expect believe 等时 宾语从句 中的否定词 not 前移到 主句中 否定主句的动词 构成否定前移 People will not live on the planet Mars by the year 2100 I believe 合为一句 d 反意疑问句 一般复合句的反意疑问句都是反意主句 但当主句主语为第一人称而谓语动词为 think suppose expect believe 等时 要反意从句 Mr Black doesn t believe his son can design a digital camera I believe he can do it by himself D 宾语从句与简单句的相互转化 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句 当主句主语和从句主语 一致时 宾语从句可转化为 疑问词 动词不定式 结构 例如 I don t know what I shall do next I don t know what to do next She didn t decide which one she would choose She didn t decide Please tell me whom you ll give the letter to Please tell me 2 状语从句状语从句 1 状语从句的概念 在复合句中起副词的作用 用来修饰主句中的动词 副词和形容词 的从句 2 状语从句的分类 1 时间状语从句 A 时间状语从句常用 when as while before after since till until as soon as 等连词来引导 用连词填空 It was raining hard got to school yesterday he was doing his homework the telephone rang he finished middle school he went to work in a factory I have worked in this school I graduated from Beijing University Don t get off the bus stops I ll ring you up I get to New York 5 B 在时间状语从句里 通常不用将来时态 用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态 I will tell him everything when he come back He won t believe it until he see it with his own eyes C 在带有 till 或 until 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里 如果主句用肯定式 其含义是 一直到 时 谓语动词只能用延续性动词 如果主句用否定式 其含义是 直到 才 在 以前不 谓语动词可用瞬间动词 例如 Let s wait until the rain stops We will not start until Bob comes 2 条件状语从句 A 条件状语从句通常由 if unless 引导 连词填空 What shall we do it snows tomorrow Don t leave the building I tell you to B 在条件状语从句里 谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态 例如 I ll help you with your English if I be free tomorrow He won t be late unless he be ill C 祈使句 and or 陈述句 相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句 Hurry up or you ll be late Study hard and you will pass the exam 3 原因状语从句 A 原因状语从句通常由 because since as 引导 例如 He didn t come to school because he was ill As it is raining we shall not go the zoo Since you can t answer the question I ll ask someone else B because 表示直接原因 语气最强 Because 引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后 回答 由 why 提出的问题 只能用 because As 和 since 语气较弱 一般用来表示明显的原因 由 as 和 since 引导的原因状语从居多放在句首 例如 Why aren t going there I don t want to he has no car he can t get there easily C because 和 so 不能同用在一个句子里 4 目的状语从句 1 目的状语从句通常由 so that in order that 等引导 谓语中常含有 may might can could will would 等情态动词 例如 He must get up early so that he can catch the first bus 2 当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时 可用 so as to in order to He worked day and night in order that he could succeed He worked day and night 3 so that 既可引导目的状语从句 又可引导结果状语从句 区别这两种从句的办法有两个 1 目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词 can could may might 等 例如 Speak clearly so that they may understand you 目的状语从句 2 从意思上看 目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确 例如 Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest 结果状语从句 6 5 结果状语从句 1 结果状语从句由 so that such that so that 引导 例如 He is so poor that he can t buy a bike for his son She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her My pencil fell under the desk so that I couldn t see it 2 so that 与 such that 区别 1 在由 so that 引导的结果状语从句中 so 是副词 与形容词连用 结构是 so 形容词 副词 that 从句 so 形容词 a an 名词单数 that 从句 2 在由 such that 引导的结果状语从句中 such 是形容词 结构是 such a an 形容词 名词单数 that 从句 such a an 形容词 名词复数 that 从句 3 如果名词前由 many much little few 等词修饰时 只能用 so 不用 such He was glad he couldn t say a word He had long arms he could almost touch the ceiling The hall is big it can hold 2 000 people He has little time he can t go to the cinema with you It was a hot day nobody wanted to do anything Mother lives far away we hardly ever see her He made rapid progress he did very well in the mid term Soon there were many deer they ate up all the wild roses 4 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的 It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it 5 so that 句型的否定形式可用简单句 too to 或 not enough to 代替 He is so young that he can t go to school 6 让步状语从句 1 让步状语从句通常由 although though 等连词引导 例如 Though he is young he knows a lot Although I am tired I must go on working 2 although but 不能用在同一个句子中 例如 我们不能说 Though it was raining hard but he still went out 应该说 Though it was raining hard he still went out 或者说 It was raining hard but he still went out 7 比较状语从句 比较状语从句通常由 as as not as so as 比较级 than 等连词引导 例如 Tom runs faster than John does This classroom is as big as that one 8 地点状语从句 7 地点状语从句常常由 where wherever 来引导 例如 Go wherever you like Where there is a will there is a way 9 方式状语从句 方式状语从句由连词或连词词组 as if though 引导 as if though 引导的方式状语一般要求 用虚拟语气 从句用过去时表示现在 用过去完成时表过去 例如 He spokes as if he had been there before The animal was walking as though it had hurt its leg 3 定语从句定语从句 1 关于定语从句的概念 1 定语从句就是在复合句里充当定语的从句 它通常紧靠在所修饰的名词或代词后面 2 先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词 3 关系词 引导定语从句的词叫关系词 在下列复合句中标出定语从句 先行词 关系词 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition 2 引导定语从句的关系词 关系代词有 who whose whom which that 关系副词有 when where why 3 关系代词和关系副词的三大作用 1 连接 连接定语从句和主语 2 替代 替代前面的先行词 3 成分 在定语从句中要充当一定的句子成分 4 关系代词有 who whose whom which that 的作用 请勾选下列关系代词的作用 指人 指物subject 主语 object 宾语 attribute 定语 that which who whom whose 注意 1 关系代词前有介词 先行词指人时 关系代词只能用 先行词指物时 关 系代词只能用 2 whose 引导定语从句 在从句中作 其后应紧跟 3 whose 引导定语从句 其先行词可指人 也可指物 若指物 它还可以与 of which 互 8 换 Please pass me the book whose cover is green Please pass me the book of which the cover is green 用 that who which whom 或 whose 填空 并指出它们在句中作何成分 Alice likes singers write their own music 作 Generally old people like music is quiet and gentle 作 The girl you met just now in the street is my friend 作 The woman coat is red is waiting for you at the gate 作 This is the school in I studied two years ago 作 The man with my father is talking over there is our head teacher 作 5 关系副词 when where why 的基本用法 关系副词在定语从句中作状语 分别表示时间 地点和原因 如 This is the place we spent our holidays last year I ll never forget the day I graduated from college I don t know the reason he didn t attend the meeting yesterday 6 只能用 that 引导的定语从句 1 先行词被最高级 序数词修饰时 This is the best that can be done now 2 先行词是 all any everything anything none the one 等不定代词时 I have nothing that is worth reading 3 当主句是 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句 为避免重复 只用 that Who is the man that is talking to Mr White 4 先行词既包括人又包括物时 The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them 5 先行词被 the only the very the same the last 修饰时 This is the very pen that I am looking for 演练展示演练展示 直击中考直击中考 1 Could you tell me Yes you can go there by bus 2012 铜仁 A how can I get to the Miao King City B where is the Miao King City C how I can get to the Miao King City D where the Miao King City is 2 There will be a flower show in the park we visited last week 2012 广东 A who B when C what D which 3 Mr Gao went to Shanghai for the air exhibition last week Is that he had two days off 2008 无锡 A what B when C why D where 4 I don t like bread I won t eat it I am very hungry 2008 徐州 A if B when C as D unless 5 Tom wants to know if you will have a picnic tomorrow Yes But if it we ll play chess instead 2011 泰安 A will rain B rained C is raining D rains 9 6 Jack could you tell me Sure In the post office on Green Road 2011 温州 A where you bought the stamps B where did you buy the stamps C when you bought the stamps D when did you buy the stamps 7 Do you know the man is reading the book over there Yes he s Mr Green our PE teacher 2011 襄阳 A which B what C whom D who 8 I hate travelling by air you usually have to wait for hours before the plane takes off 2013 上海 A because B though C until D unless 9 Is there anyone here name is Betty 2011 呼和浩特 Sorry I don t know A who B which C whom D whose 10 Being blind is something most people can t imagine 2013 杭州 A who B what C that D whom 11 Mr Li I found a watch on the playground 2011 山西 You should try to find out A whose is the watch B who is the owner of the watch C whom does the watch belong to 12 The first thing my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter 2011 广东 A which B that C why D who 13 That actor often joins in different activities in Beijing Do you know For 5 years 2012 达州 A how soon he will come back B how long he has stayed there C how long has he stayed there D how often does he go there 14 I don t know when tomorrow I will call you as soon as he 2012 恩施 A will he come arrives B he will come arrives C he will come will arrive 15 Do you enjoy My heart will go on No I prefer songs loud 2012 达州 A that is B which is C that are D what are 当堂检测 1 Every morning the patients are asked if their temperature taken A they had had B have they had C they have had D had they had 2 This is the house I want to buy A in which B that C whose D where 3 I hate the people don t help others when they are in trouble A who B which C they D where 4 they may not succeed they will try their best A Though B When C Because D Unless 5 Susan will not arrive at the airport on time she hurries up A on