名词改错解析

1 二 正误辨析 误 Please give me a paper 正 Please give me a piece of paper 析 不要认为可以数的名词就是可数名词 这种原因是对英语中可数与不可数名词的概念与中文中的能数与 不能数相混淆了 所以造成了这样的错误 因 paper 在英语中是属于物质名词一类 是不可数名词 而不可数名 词要表达数量时 要用与之相关的量词来表达 如 two pieces of paper 误 Please give me two letter papers 正 Please give me two pieces of letter paper 析 paper 作为纸讲是不可数名词 而作为报纸 考卷 文章讲时则是可数名词 如 Each student should write a paper on what he has learnt 误 My glasses is broken 正 My glasses are broken 误 I want to buy two shoes 正 I want to buy two pairs of shoes 析 英语中 glasses 眼镜 shoes 鞋 trousers 裤子等由两部分组成的名词一般要用复数形式 如果要表示一 副眼镜应用 a pair of glasses 而这时的谓语动词应与量词相一致 如 This pair of glasses is very good 误 May I borrow two radioes 正 May I borrow two radios 析 以 o 结尾的名词大都是用加 es 来表示其复数形式 但如果 o 前面是一个元音字母或外来语时则只加 s 就可以了 这样的词有 zoo zoos piano pianos 误 This is a Mary s dictionary 正 This is Mary s dictionary 析 如名词前有指示代词 this that these those 及其他修饰词 our some every which 或所有格时 则不要再加 冠词 误 There are much people in the garden 正 There are many people in the garden 析 可数名词前应用 many few a few a lot of 来修饰 而 people 是可数名词 而且是复数名词 如 The people are planting trees here 误 I want a few water 正 I want a little water 析 不可数名词前可以用 a little little a lot of some 来修饰 但不可用 many few 来修饰 误 Thank you very much Your family is very kind to me 正 Thank you very much Your family are very kind to me 误 Tom s and Mary s family are waiting for us 正 Tom s and Mary s families are waiting for us 误 I m sorry I have to go Tom s families are waiting for me 正 I m sorry I have to go Tom s family are waiting for me 析 集合名词如果指某个集合的整体 则应视为单数 如指某个集合体中的个体则应视为复数 如 My family is a big family When I came in Tom s family were watching TV 即汤姆一家人正在看电视 这样的集合名词 有 family class team 等 误 Don t eat too much meats 正 Don t eat too much meat 误 Food in that restaurant is very good 正 The food in that restaurant is very good 析 物质名词是不可数名词 在使用中不可以加 s 即它没有复数形式 也不可加不定冠词 但如果用于特 指某一物质时可以加定冠词 如 I don t like drinking coffee but the coffee in that cup is really good 误 Please give me two waters 正 Please give me two glasses of water 正 Please give me two coffees 析 物质名词如要加计量时 一定要加量词 如 two cups of tea two glasses of water a glass of milk a loaf of bread a piece of bread a box of sugar a bowl of rice a bottle of orange a bag of earth 例 I ll tell you a piece of good news 但只有 coffee 可以用 coffees 来取代 many cups of coffee 误 Can you give me the newspaper of today 正 Can you give me today s newspaper 析 加 s 构成所有格的名词一般应指有生命的人或物 如 Mary s hair 但在英文的习惯用法中对时间 距 离等名词的所有格多用 s 来构成而不用 of 结构 如 a five minutes walk 误 Please make a room for the old lady in the school bus 正 Please make room for the old lady in the school bus 析 英语中更多的名词是含有多种用法和多种含意的 如 room 为可数名词时为 房间 如 I live in Room 5 而 room 为抽象名词时为空间上面一句话应译为 请 给老妇人在校车上留个地方 这样的词还有 glass 玻璃 glasses 眼镜 stone 石头 a stone 一块石头 time 时间 two times 两次 wood 木头 woods 树林 误 There is a flowers garden behind my house 正 There is a flower garden behind my house 析 名词除了在句中作主语 宾语 表语外 还可以用来修饰另一个名词 这时作修饰词的名词一般要用单 数形式 如 shoe factory 鞋厂 post office 邮局 evening paper 晚报 night school 夜校 head master 校长 a law school 法律学院 但也有例外 如 a goods train 货车 sports meeting 运动会 误 My mother bought two fishes for supper this morning 正 My mother bought two fish for supper this morning 析 英语中有些名词单复同形 如 fish deer sheep Chinese 中国人 means 方法 所以应讲 one fish two fish one Chinese two Chinese 如果讲 There are five fishes in the pool 应译为池中有五种鱼而不是五条鱼 误 Mary expressed her thank to her boy friend 正 Mary expressed her thanks to her boy friend 析 英语中有些名词只有复数形式 如 thanks greens 而有些词单数形式与复数形式有不同的词意 如 clothes 为衣服 而 cloth 则是布 sand 沙子 而 sands 是沙滩 误 I offered my son my congratulation on his success 正 I offered my son my congratulations on his success 析 英语中表示祝贺的词虽有单数形式 但一般要用其复数形式 如握手为 shake hands 误 We have five German in this meeting 正 We have five Germans in this meeting 析 英国人 Englishman 的复数形式为 Englishmen 而 German 则要加 s 因为它不是由国名与 man 的组合词 误 There are two As in this word 正 There are two A s in this word 析 在大写字母缩写形式的复数表达法中应加 s 但如字母是 A I 时 为了防止与 As 和 Is 相混 则要用 s 即 A s I s 误 There are three 6s and two 3s in my telephone number 正 There are three 6 s and two 3 s in my telephone number 析 在小写字母与数字的复数形式表达法中要用 s 误 We have many woman teachers in our school 正 We have many women teachers in our school 析 一般组合名词变为复数形式时只将词中心词变为复数如 2 half brother half brothers 同父异母或同母异父的兄弟 daughter in law daughtersin law 儿媳 但要注意的是 man driver men drivers 男司机 woman doctor women doctors 女大夫 grown up grown ups 成年人 但是 boy student 则变为 boy students 误 Physics are very difficult to learn 正 Physics is very difficult to learn 析 虽以 s 结尾但只能用作单数名词有 科学 学科名字 Physics Mathematics politics 游戏名称 bowls 专有名称 Niagara Falls 尼亚加拉瀑布 其他名词 news 消息 新闻 误 There is a people in the room 正 There is a person in the room 正 There is a man in the room 析 people 是复数名词 不可用作单数 如要用来讲一个人时应用 a person a man a woman 同样的词有 police 要讲一个警察时则要用 a policeman a policewoman 误 Where is my shoe 正 Where are my shoes 析 常常只用作复数形式的词有 trousers pants shorts 短裤 socks 袜子 shoes gloves 手套 但如果只找其 中的一个则要指明 这时还是应用单数形式 如 Where s my left glove 我左手的手套在哪 误 I paid five pennies for the sweet 正 I paid five pence for the sweet 析 英语中便士有两个复数形式 pence 用来表达一定数量的钱 而 pennies 是指一个个的硬币 如 I want to change this note for pennies 我想把这纸币换成硬币 即一便士一个的硬币 误 There are many fruit in the shop 正 There are many fruits in the shop 析 物质名词为不可数名词 但是用来表示种类时则可以用作可数名词 这里应译为各种各样的水果 误 There is a new car It is Jone s and Mary s 正 There is a new car It is Jone and Mary s 析 有生命名词的所有格 如果是单数名词则加 s 如 Mary s car 如果是以 s 结尾的复数名词则只在 s 后面 加 如 teachers offices 如果是复数名词但不是以 s 结尾 则只加 s 如 children s palace 组合名词的所有格是在 最后一个词尾加 s 如 girl friend girl friend s someone else someone else s a week or three a week or three s 如名词后 有同位语时 则应加在同位语的词尾上 如 It is my girl friend Mary s car 要注意的是当两个名词并列时 如表 示归两人共同所有 则在最后一个名词后面加 s 如果表示分别所有则在两个名词后分别加 s 如 This is Mary and Jone s home 即 Mary 与 Jone 是一家人 这是他们共同的家 而 These are Mary s and Jone s homes 则应译为这 里是 Mary 的家与 Jone 的家 误 It is really beautiful It is a work of nature 正 It is really beautiful It is a Nature s work 析 无生命名词的所有格应用 of 结构 但是 s 形式的所有格可用于以下无生命的名词 表示时间的词 today s newspaper a twenty minutes walk an hour s rest 表示长度的词 three metres distance a boat s length twenty miles journey 表示重量的名词 two pounds weight 价格名词 two dollars worth 拟人化的名词 Nature s work nature s lesson 大自然的教训 及国家 机关 团体 城市等机构性名词 the university s library 误 He is an old friend of my father 正 He is an old friend of my father s 析 这是英语中的一种习惯用法而不要根据语法去推理 如 This pen is Tom s 误 My father is a good cooker 正 My father is a good cook 析 一般动词加上 er 后则转意为执行该动作的执行者 如 teach 教 teacher 老师 think 想 thinker 思想家 drive 开车 driver 司机 sell 卖 seller 卖物者 但不能总是以此类推 比如 cook 是动词 做饭 而 cook 也可 作为名词 厨师 讲 而 cooker 则为厨具 餐具 即锅 碗 勺等做饭用具 误 The young is dancing there 正 The young are dancing there 析 英文中用定冠词加上形容词表示一类人时应按复数名词 如 the rich 富人 the poor 穷人 the wise 聪 明人 但如果用定冠词加形容词来表示事物则要用作单数名词 如 The beautiful is still here 美丽的风景依旧 误 The stories of the book was written many years ago 正 The stories of the book were written many years ago 析 这句话的真正主语应是 stories 所以应用复数谓语动词 误 This is one of the English Chinese dictionary 正 This is one of the English Chinese dictionaries 析 one of 意为 之一 of 后面的名词要用复数形式 误 Let s go to uncle Wang for supper 正 Let s go to uncle Wang s for supper 析 uncle Wang s 意为 王叔叔家 doctor s 意为 医院或私人诊所 误 I think we will make a friend with each other 正 I think we will make friends with each other 析 make friends 为习惯用法 即交朋友 误 I want to tell you much pieces of good news 正 I want to tell you many pieces of good news 析 news 为不可数名词 但加了量词之后则要用 many 来修饰量词 因量词是可数名词 或可以说 I want to tell you some good news 因 some 即可用在可数名词前 也可用在不可数名词前作形容词 如 I want to tell you some pieces of good news 误 The teacher with five students are coming here 正 The teacher with five students is coming here 析 要注意由 with 引出的介词短语不是本句的主语 这与连词 and 有很大的区别 如 The teacher and five students are coming here 这里由介词引出的短语仅仅是 teacher 的修饰语 误 There are a lot of information here but we don t need them 正 There is a lot of information here b