【顶尖学案】2012届高考英语 Unit21　Human Biology 北师大版选修7

用心 爱心 专心1 UnitUnit 2121 HumanHuman BiologyBiology 人类生物学人类生物学 核心词汇核心词汇 1 In times of prosperity money 流通 发行 quickly 2 I ll 交换 you three of mine for one of yours 3 He wrote a very 有争议的 book but I think he s since regretted it 4 Those newspapers 迎合 to the lowest tastes 5 They 延迟 延缓 sending an answer to the request 核心词汇 6 It is 不合理的 to go out in such terrible weather 7 I cannot 忍受 your bad manners 8 Dr Thomas was c for violating medical ethics 9 I shall give up my claim in 屈从 to your wishes 10 Drinking is p and the p against drunken driving will save many lives 1 circulates 2 swap 3 controversial 4 cater 5 postponed 6 absurd 7 tolerate 8 condemned 9 submission 10 prohibited prohibition 高频短语高频短语 1 徒然 白费力气 2 随便地 随意地 3 不管多大代价 无论如何 4 立刻 马上 5 彻底消灭 6 终止 消灭 7 无论如何 至少 8 推迟 9 开始做 10 教育 养育 呕吐 引述 11 经历 通过 12 通过 考试等 完成 13 聚焦 集中 对准 14 长期地 永远地 15 遗漏 遗忘 错过机会 1 in vain 2 at random 3 at all costs 4 straight away 5 wipe out 6 stop sth in its tracks 7 at any rate 8 put off 9 get down to 10 bring up 11 go through 12 get through 13 focus on 14 for good and all 15 miss out 重点句式重点句式 1 Many contemporary amateur athletes world records they the first Olympic Games 许多当代的业余运动员如果参加了首届奥运会 他们会打破很多项世界纪录的 2 Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all 用心 爱心 专心2 弗洛伊德 兰蒂斯做了几次站不住脚的辩解 责怪他因伤服用的药物 但是这些都是徒劳 的 3 is compulsory for winners but other participants are only tested 获胜者要强制性地进行检查 而其他参与者只是随意地检查 4 The Olympic spirit the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part winning has been violated by the desire to succeed 人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神 5 Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old the Spanish Flu the most acute epidemic in history 西班牙流感在 18 个月内使多达 5 千万人丧命 并且发病的倾 向为 该病似乎专门侵袭年轻力壮的人而非老年人 被认为是历史上最严重的流行病 6 In Western Medicine treatment is only the part of the body that is ill 在西方医药学里 治疗的重点放在身体的病灶部分 7 thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance 很遗憾 由于无知 成千上万的人们错过了用传统中医治疗的机会 8 Traditional Chinese Medicine is finally getting the chance it to help create a healthier world 传统中医终于获得了应有的机会来帮助创造一个更加健康的世界 1 would have broken if had taken part in 2 in vain 3 It to be tested at random 4 rather than at all costs 5 is believed to have been 6 focused on 7 It seems a real pity that 8 deserves 知识详解知识详解 1 abuse vt 滥用 n 滥用 恶习 回归课本 P34 Taking these drugs is known as doping and although they enhance performance they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them 众所周知 服用这些药物就是服用 兴奋剂 尽管兴奋剂有助于提高成绩 但同时也会给 那些滥用兴奋剂的运动员招来日后生活中的严重的健康麻烦 归纳拓展 例句探源 Laws have been passed to prevent government officials from abusing their power 通过立法防止官员滥用权力 They were so rude that they often abused each other in public 他们很粗鲁 经 常在大庭广众之下彼此辱骂 What she did was an abuse of her position as manager 她的所作所为是滥用经理职权 1 It has been revealed that some government leaders their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves A employ B take 用心 爱心 专心3 C abuse D overlook 解析 选 C 句意 一些政府领导被揭露滥用职权 非法为个人谋利 abuse 滥用 妄用 权力等 不当地 使用 employ 雇用 使用 take 拿 取 overlook 俯瞰 眺望 忽 略 2 seek vt 寻求 追求 探求 探索 回归课本 P34 Doping is not only a problem in athletics it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so 服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动中存在的问题 而且是每个运动项目都存在的问题 体育运 动员想在这些运动中取得超常的成绩而准备欺骗 归纳拓展 例句探源 2010 年高考重庆卷 we seek to understand and communicate with things that exist only in our imaginations or on a computer screen 对于仅存在于我们想象中或者在电脑屏幕上的东西 我们力图去理解并与之交流 We should constantly seek advice from the masses 我们应当经常征求群众的意见 We should never seek for fame and position 我们决不应该追求名誉和地位 2 Early editions of Shakespeare s plays are much after by collectors A run B sought C charged D seized 解析 选 B 考查动词辨析 句意 搜集家们大量搜寻莎士比亚戏剧的早期版本 seek after 寻找 搜寻 追求 探索 3 tolerate vt 容忍 忍受 回归课本 P34 The sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating 由于它是影响力大的欺骗形式 所以体育界是不会容忍运动员服用兴奋剂的 归纳拓展 例句探源 朗文 P1628 I won t tolerate your bad manners any longer 我再也不能忍受你那种恶劣的态度了 The plants are tolerant of frost 这些植物耐霜 3 用所给词的适当形式填空 1 There was no tolerate for anyone who broke ranks 答案 tolerance 2 I can t tolerate treat as a child 答案 being treated 4 oppose vt 反对 回归课本 P34 Gene therapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it 基因治疗是很有争议的 许多人反对对它做进一步研究 归纳拓展 用心 爱心 专心4 200 attended as opposed to 300 the previous year 出席的有 200 人 而前一年是 300 人 Your evidence opposes the fact 你的证据与事实相背 I m strongly opposed to your suggestion 我坚决反对你的建议 例句探源 4 Looking from this hill you may think the hill is higher A contrary B opposite C objective D opposing 解析 选 B 考查形容词辨析 根据句意 应该是对面的山 所以答案为 B contrary 相 反的 objective 客观的 opposing 对立的 对方的 5 contradict vt 与 其他事物 相矛盾 反驳 回归课本 P34 However if a generation of sports stars with enhanced genes were created it would contradict the whole spirit of sport 然而 如果一代有强化基因的运动明星被造出来 这将有悖于整个运动精神 归纳拓展 朗文 P472 Your behaviour is in direct contradiction to the principles you claim to have 你的行为和宣称的原则相违背 What he did contradicted what he said 他言行不一 相矛盾 The two statements contradict each other 两种说法相互抵触 例句探源 5 完成句子 The driver s words were completely 与事实不符 答案 in contradiction to the fact 6 postpone vt 推迟 延期 回归课本 P37 Example 1 postpone 例 1 阻止 归纳拓展 We ll have to postpone the meeting until next week 我们将不得不把会议推迟到下周举行 They decided to postpone building the new school 他们决定延迟兴建新学校 例句探源 易混辨析 postpone delay put off 三个词或词组后都不可以跟不定式 1 postpone 是正式用语 语义较强 指有意识地延至将来某一特定时间 在多数情况下 后面说明何时进行 2 delay 指暂时阻挠或阻挡 稍后可再继续进行 后跟耽搁的原因 用心 爱心 专心5 3 put off 与 postpone 大致同义 但较口语化 牛津 P1545 The game has already been postponed three times 牛津 P527 Commuters will face long delays on the roads today He keeps putting off going to visit his uncle 6 翻译句子 1 由于下雨我们推迟了比赛 答案 We postponed the match because of rain 2 咱们在获取更多信息之后再做出决定也不迟 答案 Let s postpone making a decision until we have more information 3 由于双方队员的冲突 比赛被迫推迟半个小时 答案 The match was postponed for half an hour because of the conflict of players of the two sides 7 It was an unpopular decision to postpone the new school A building B to build C having built D to have built 解析 选 A 考查 postpone v ing postpone 后跟动词用 ing 形式 build 将要发生而 非已发生 故用动名词的一般式 7 prohibit vt 禁止 阻止 回归课本 P38 scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks 科学家们一直在做治疗实验以防止将来的再次爆发 归纳拓展 温馨提示 prohibit 表示政府权威机构发布的禁令所禁止的东西 而 ban 除了具有上 述意义之外 还具有谴责的意义 例句探源 2010 年高考陕西卷 If lawmakers do not do something soon to prohibit spam the problem will certainly get much worse 如果法律的制定者不尽快采取措施 去禁止垃圾邮件 问题当然会更糟 We are prohibited from drinking alcohol during working hours 工作时间内我们不 得喝酒 The price prohibited us from buying it 这东西价钱太高 我们买不起 8 I fear that a prior engagement will me from joining you at dinner A disagree B prohibit C allow D permit 解析 选 B 句意 我有约在先 恐怕不能与你共进晚餐 根据 fear 一词可以知道不能共 进晚餐 A 项搭配不对 8 decline v 下降 婉拒 n 下降 减少 回归课本 P40 Even though doctors don t fully understand comas and the process of recovery it is generally agreed that a patient s chances of recovery decline the longer they stay in a coma 用心 爱心 专心6 虽然医生们并没有完全明白昏迷及其恢复过程 但是他们普遍认为病人持续昏迷的时间越 长 会降低他们恢复的可能性 归纳拓展 decline to do sth 婉拒做某事 in decline 下降 decline in of sth 在某方面减少 下降 fall go into a decline 开始衰落 陷入衰退 例句探源 朗文 P439 I offered to give them a lift but they declined 我主动邀请他们搭车 但他们婉言谢绝了 An increase in cars has resulted in the decline of public transport 汽车的增 加导致了公共交通的减少 Allen angrily declined to discuss the matter 艾伦气愤地拒绝谈论此事 9 完成句子 1 很抱歉 明天晚上我没空 所以必须谢绝你的邀请 I m sorry but I m not free tomorrow evening so I have to 答案 decline your invitation 2 全球经济自 2008 年以来一直在走下坡路 Global economy since 2008 答案 has been in decline 9 submit vt 递交 提交 顺从 屈服 认输 回归课本 P137 You were supposed to submit it on the 14th June 你本应该在 6 月 14 日提交它 文章 归纳拓展 He was too proud to submit to such treatment 他的自尊心太强 不甘于受那种对待 I did not submit to having my freedom limited 我不甘于我的自由受到限制 例句探源 10 We advised the hijackers 劫持者 to themselves to the police A submit B bury C treat D help 解析 选 A 句意 我们劝那些劫持者向警察投案 B 项表示 专心于 C 项表示 招待 D 项表示 随便取用 A 项表示 屈服 投降 只有 A 项符合句意要求 10 temporary adj 临时的 短暂的 回归课本 P40 Terri s parents still believed that her coma was only temporary 特瑞的父母仍然认为她的昏迷只是暂时的 归纳拓展 朗文 P1589 Students often find temporary jobs during their summer holidays 学生们常常在暑假打临工 朗文 P1589 We apologize for the temporary inconvenience caused by these 用心 爱心 专心7 building works 对于建筑施工造成的短期不便 我们谨致歉意 例句探源 11 翻译句子 半数以上的职员是临时雇员 答案 More than half of the staff are temporary 11 in vain 徒然 白费力气 回归课本 P34 Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all in vain 弗洛伊德 兰蒂斯做了几次站不住脚的辩解 责怪他因伤服用的药物 但是这些都是徒劳 的 归纳拓展 vain adj 自负的 自视过高的 空洞的 无用的 无谓的 a vain attempt 无用的尝试 vain promises 空头的许诺 vainly adv 徒劳地 We tried in vain to make him change his mind 我们想使他改变主意 结果是白费心机 We tried vainly to persuade her not to go 我们劝她别去 她不听 He was vain about his looks spending hours in the gym 他对自己的外表很自负 在健身房里一呆就是几个小时 例句探源 12 We tried to persuade him to stay home but at last he went to the construction site in spite of his bad illness A vain B in vain C in fact D in vainly 解析 选 B 句意 我们极力劝说他待在家里 但大都是徒劳的 尽管他生着重病 最后 还是去了工地 in vain vainly 徒劳地 白费力气地 12 at random 随便地 随意地 回归课本 P34 It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random 获胜者要强制性地进行检查 而其他参与者只是随意地检查 归纳拓展 牛津 P1637 My phone seems to switch itself off randomly 我的手机好像随时自动关机 He was not listening and made a random answer to the teacher s question 他没有在听讲 对教师的问题瞎答一通 Fortune numbers are chosen at random on the computer 幸运号码是在电脑上随意选出来的 例句探源 13 完成句子 用心 爱心 专心8 He 随意地打开一本书 and started reading 答案 opened a book randomly 14 It is not a good habit to state your opinion and you d better think it over before you act A at all B full of faith C at once D at random 解析 选 D 从 you d better think it over before you act 看出要 三思而后行 空白处应该填入 at random 前半句 随便发表你的观点不是一种好习惯 与后半句相吻 合 13 at all costs 不惜任何代价 无论如何 回归课本 P34 The Olympic spirit the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs 人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神 归纳拓展 He bought a satisfactory house at the cost of all his money 他用所有的积蓄买了一个合他心意的房子 We have to finish this job by tomorrow at all costs 我们必须不惜一切代价在明天前完成这一任务 Careless driving costs him his life 漫不经心的开车使他丧失生命 例句探源 15 完成句子 1 He is determined to win 无论如何 答案 at any cost 2 The young policeman saved the little girl from the fire but 以自己的生命为代价 答案 at the cost of his own life 14 at any rate 无论如何 至少 回归课本 P137 If trends continue the way they re going then in my opinion yes in developed countries at any rate 在我看来 如果照目前的趋势发展下去 会是这样的 至少在发达国家是这样 归纳拓展 We may miss the next bus but at any rate we ll be there before midday 我们可能赶不上下一趟公共汽车 但无论如何 中午以前我们总可以到那里 At this rate we will soon be bankrupt 照这样下去 我们很快就会破产 例句探源 16 he would make special mention of it in the report for he has given us many hints about it in advance A At any rate B At any moment C At any time D At any price 解析 选 A 句意 无论如何 他会在报告中特别提到这件事的 因为他已经事先暗示我 们多次了 和后面的信息一致 应该为 无论如何 B 项 随时 C 项 在任何时候 用心 爱心 专心9 D 项 不惜任何代价 15 wipe out 彻底毁灭 全部摧毁 回归课本 P38 Epidemics can wipe out up to half of the population in urban areas 流行病能毁灭城市地区的一半人口 归纳拓展 A summer fire can wipe out all the grass 夏季的一场火可把草都烧光 He wiped away the grease from the windshield of the car 他擦去了汽车挡风玻璃上的油渍 She stood up to wipe the sweat off her face 她站起来擦擦脸上的汗珠 牛津 P2644 The heat had wiped us out 炎热使我们精疲力尽 例句探源 17 完成句子 1 趁着还没有人滑倒 你最好把地板上的牛奶擦干净 You d better on the floor before someone slips in it 答案 wipe up the milk 2 医生们正在寻找消灭癌症的医疗方法 Doctors are searching for a cure that will 答案 wipe out cancer 句型梳理句型梳理 1 教材原句 Many contemporary amateur athletes would have broken world records if they had taken part in the first Olympic Games P34 许多当代的业余运动员如果参加了首届奥运会 他们会打破很多项世界纪录的 句法分析 本句含有 if 引导的表示虚拟的状语从句 其具体的主句和从句的动词形式 如下 虚拟情况虚拟情况条件句条件句主句主句 现在现在动词过去式动词过去式 were were would should might would should might couldcould 动词原形动词原形 过去过去 hadhad donedone would could should would could should mightmight havehave donedone 将来将来 shouldshould do weredo were toto do do 动词的过去式动词的过去式 would should might would should might couldcould 动词原形动词原形 If he hadn t warned me I would have been in danger 要是他没有警告我的话 我当时就会有危险了 用心 爱心 专心10 If I were you I would invite him to the party 如果我是你的话 我会邀请他参加聚会 What would happen if the earth should stop turning tomorrow 万一地球明天停止 运转 会出现什么情况呢 You wouldn t find it so hard to write the composition now if you had observed life carefully 你要是以前认真观察生活的话 你现在就不会觉得作文难写了 18 They two free tickets to Canada otherwise they d never have been able to afford to go A had got B got C have got D get 解析 选 B 前半句表示的是客观事实 后半句表示的是省略 if 条件句的对过去情况的虚 拟假设 句意 他们得到两张去加拿大的免费票 否则他们是负担不起去那儿的费用的 2 教材原句 we have to have faith that there will be 我们必须有信心 将会有 P39 句法分析 本句中 that 引导同位语从句 that 常用来引导同位语从句 与具有概括 性的抽象名词连用 如 news fact idea suggestion warning hope promise thought doubt belief t ruth request proposal demand 等 The fact that he won first prize can t be denied 他赢得一等奖的事实不容否认 In spite of the fact that he is over sixty he is still full of spirit 尽管他已经 60 多岁了 但仍然精力充沛 Have you heard the news that Mary will be back soon 你听到玛丽不久就要回来的消息了吗 I don t agree on the idea that you will go abroad 我不同意你要出国的想法 温馨提示 that 引导同位语从句时 只起到引导词的作用 在从句中不作任何成分 但不可省略 归纳拓展 除 that 外 wh 词 包括 how 也可以引导同位语从句 You have no idea how anxious we were then 你不知道我们当时多么焦急 I have no idea when he will be back 我不知道他什么时候回来 The question whether he should give it up has been worrying him for days 他该不该放弃这个问题几天来一直困扰着他 19 There is no doubt in my opinion matters is not the speed but the quality of the product A what what B that that C that if D that what 解析 选 D that 引导一个同位语从句 在这个同位语从句中又有一个主语从句 what matters 句意 依我看 毫无疑问 重要的不是速度 而是产品的质量 作文指导作文指导 用心 爱心 专心11 图表类作文 体裁导航 图表类书面表达常以曲线图形式 流程图形式 柱星图形式 饼式图形式 数据表格形式 及平面图解形式出现 这类题型具有文字少 信息少 要点分散等特征 我们在写作时只 有在看懂图示的基础上才能动笔写 如果不能全部领会图表信息 写作中就会出现遗漏信 息 分析不准确等一系列问题 图表作文的体裁以说明类和议论类为主 记叙类较少见 写作示例 假如你叫李华 从某网站看到下面调查统计表 感触很深 从而决定写信给某英语报社 反映这一现象 并简要分析原因 呼吁教育部门和家长改变目前局面 要求 1 语言要连贯 准确 可适当发挥 2 词数 120 150 Dear Editor Yours sincerely Li Hua 写作要领 一 审题 1 体裁 图表作文 要求考生对表格 图表进行分析 系统准确地表达出其含义 并得出 令人信服的结论 2 时态和人称 因反映的是现实情况 故应用现在时态和第三人称 发表个人观点时可使 用第一人称 3 本题以图表和文字提示的方式给出了写作要点 因而要根据文字去理解图表 弄清楚图 表所反映的信息 问题和现象并准确表述 二 谋篇 1 首先 分析数据 学生每天花在体育活动上的时间 美国 72 分钟 韩国 42 分钟 中国 12 分钟 2 然后 分析原因 1 在学校里大部分时间都花在学习上 2 回家后父母也让学生学习 3 最后 提出措施 教育部门和父母都要意识到体育活动的重要性 给孩子们更多的时间去参与体育活动 范文点评 Dear Editor It can be seen easily from the above chart that American students spend 72 minutes on physical activities per day and those in South Korea 42 minutes However Chinese students have only 12 minutes for physical activities per day The reasons lie in the following Almost all the time is spent on lessons in Chinese schools and students are made by parents to concentrate on their study even when they get back home Thus there is little time left for their physical activities 用心 爱心 专心12 In my opinion both the education departments and parents are responsible to give the students mo