新概念英语第二册笔记-第68课.doc

Lesson 68 Persistent 纠缠不休【Text】I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes. He never has anything to do. No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.Hello, Nigel, I said. Fancy meeting you here!Hi, Elizabeth, Nigel answered. I was just wondering how to spend the morning - until I saw you. Youre not busy doing anything, are you?No, not at all, I answered. Im going to.Would you mind my coming with you? he asked, before I had finished speaking.Not at all, I lied, but Im going to the dentist.Then Ill come with you, he answered. Theres always plenty to read in the waiting room!【课文翻译】我穿过马路以便避开他，但他看到我并朝我跑过来。若再装作没看见他已是没有用了，我只好向他招手。我就怕遇到奈杰尔.戴克斯。他从来都是无事可做，不管你多忙，他总是坚持要跟你去。我得想办法不让他整个上午缠着我。“你好，奈杰尔，想不到在这儿见到你。”我说。“你好，伊丽莎白，”奈杰尔回答说，“我正不知道怎么消磨这一上午呢，正好见到你。你不忙，是吗?”“不，不忙，我打算去.”我回答。“我跟你一道去行吗?”没等我说完话他就问道。“没关系，但我准备去牙医那里。”我说了个谎。“那我也跟你去，候诊室里总有很多东西可供阅读!”他回答。New words and expressions 生词和短语 persistent a. 坚持的，固执的 avoid v. 避开 insist v. 坚持【生词讲解】1. persistent adj. 坚持的, 固执的1） （人，行为）不屈不饶的；执拗的，顽固的persistent efforts不懈努力eg. He was persistent in his question.他一直追问到底。2）（事物）持久的，不断的（lasting）persistent rainpersistent painpersistent noisepersistent backachepersist psist v.persist in sth/doing坚持，执意eg. Does he always persist in his opinion like that?eg. She persisted in taking her dog with her.eg. He will persist in riding that dreadful bicycle.eg. He persists in believing that he was right.persistence n.u.不可数名词坚持不懈,执意,持续eg.His persistence touches me.2. avoid v.避开,躲避;避免,预防 avoid+n./doingeg. Fortunately, we were able to avoid an accident.eg. The car turned to the left to avoid a collision(碰撞).eg. He crossed the street to avoid seeing me.eg .Try to avoid driving in rush hours.avoidable adj.可避免的v.+able 可了,能够lovable 可爱的washable 耐洗的acceptable 可接受的understandable 可理解的n.+able - fortable / agreeablemiserable / suitable3. insist v.坚持做 insist on sth/doing 坚持或坚决要求（某事物）eg. I insist on your coming with us.eg.He insisted on going swimming.insist that sb (should) do eg.I insist that you (should) go with us.eg.He insisted that I (should) apologize.insist v.坚持说，坚信，固执的声称eg. She insisted that she was innocent.eg. I insisted that I hadnt done that.insistent adj.坚持的，不容拒绝或反对的insistence n.uinsistence on/about sth区别 insist on/persist in stick to/keep oninsist + that 从句有两种情况：1）“坚决认为，说”，从句用陈述语气，表达的是人的一种态度。eg. The Arab insisted that he had never seen the camel.2)”坚决要，坚决要求”，从句用虚拟语气。Eg .He insisted that she (should) leave.persist in n./doing表示对某种活动坚持不懈或某种信念不改，固执eg. He insisted on playing golf.(玩了没有，不知道。)eg. He persisted in practicing golf for an hour.(坚持练了一小时，动作已发生)stick to n./doing坚持不放弃愿望，原则，决定，诺言，理想eg. We should stick to the study of Marxism-Leninism.马克思列宁主义eg. Stick to it!keep on : continue to do (“on”是adv.”继续”之意)eg. We kept on working although we are tired.eg. Keep on practicing and youll speak English well.【课文讲解】1. I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. 1) avoid + doing sth (只能跟动名词/名词,这样的单词有: enjoy, fancy, mind, finish) Eg: I always avoid traveling during rush hour. Eg: He enjoys playing football. 2) came running towards me running towards me是现在分词短语,作状语,修饰came,表示伴随状况. 一样情况如: go swimming Eg: She ran shouting out for help. 3) cross v. 穿过 Eg: I cross the garden. across adv. & prep. 穿过 Eg: I go across the garden.2. It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. It是形式主语, 真正的主语是动名词短语 pretending that I had not seen him 假装没看到他是没用了 It is (of) no use doing是个固定结构. 可以省略, 表 “做也是徒劳” Eg: It is (of) no use worrying about your family. Eg: It is no use pretending 假装是没有用了Eg: It is no use crying over the spilled milk. 覆水难收 Eg: It is no use punishing him. pretend thateg. He pretended that he was working hard.pretend to doeg. He pretended to be dead when he met a bear.pretend to be doingeg. The boys pretended to be sleeping.wave to sb. 向某人招手eg. I waved a greeting to the teacher. 我挥手向老师问好eg. I waved him goodbye. 我挥手向他道别。eg. I waved him out. 我挥手叫他出去。eg. I waved him back. 我挥手叫他回来。3. I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes. He never has anything to do. 1) enjoy doing sth2) 连用两个never，表示强烈的感情色彩3) anything(to do),不定式修饰anything。用不定式做定语, 修饰anything，不定式放在不定代词后面anything to do. 任何要做的事anything to eat. 可以吃的东西 anything to drink 可以喝的东西4. No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. no matter how (what , which , who , where , when )无论如何（什么，哪一个，谁，何地，何时）eg. No matter what happens (may happen), dont be discouraged.Eg. No matter where you go, you cant forget your home. Eg. No matter what I say, I seem to say the wrong thing. insist on doing sth 5. I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.think of a way of doingprevent sb (from) doing阻止某人做某事或者可以说 stop sb (from) doing阻止某人做某事keep sb from doing阻止某人做某事 （这里的from不能省略）eg. Her sudden arrival prevented him from going out.eg. Their prompt actions prevented the fire from spreading.prevention n.eg. Prevention is better than cure. (谚)预防胜于治疗。preventive adj.预防的,防止的preventive measures against fire 防火措施preventive medicine 预防医学：I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.整个句子的结构是什么？主：I谓：had to think of 宾：a way 定：of preventing him from following me around all morning6. Hello, Nigel, I said. Fancy meeting you here!fancy想象fancy + 宾语 + as/to beeg. I cant fancy him as/to be an English teacher.fancy doing 想象（某人）做eg. Fancy George reading such difficult books!fancy thateg.I fancy (that) I have met her somewhere.fancy n.空想，幻想fancy （是非现实的）imagination （是既现实又实际的）products of fancy 空想产物eg. He shut himself in a world of idle fancy.他把自己关在捕风捉影的幻想世界中fancy adj.精致的,花哨的eg. These shoes are too fancy for me.a fancy tie 精致的领带a fancy dress化装用的服装a fancy party化妆舞会7. Hi, Elizabeth, Nigel answered. I was just wondering how to spend the morning - until I saw you. how to do 做wonder的宾语8. Youre not busy doing anything, are you? be busy (in) doing反义疑问句：是以附加疑问句的形式对肯定陈述句或否定陈述句作出的一种回应。日常会话中经常用反意疑问句询问进一步的情况，以求确认，或者表示兴趣，关心，愤怒，惊讶，不相信，怀疑等，或表示正在聆听谈话。1）当表示请求提供更多的情况，表示兴趣时，用升调。Ive just won 500！Have you？2）当表示进一步证实可能已知或已经猜到的事情，用降调。eg. Hes made a bad mistake, hasnt he?eg. Youre not busy doing anything, are you?9. No, not at all, I answered. Im going to. not at all 根部不eg. I dont like maths at all. 我根本不喜欢数学eg. There is nothing to eat at all.10. Would you mind my coming with you? he asked, before I had finished ing为动名词， my为逻辑主语。对比：Would you mind coming with me?finish doing11. Not at all, I lied, but Im going to the dentist.lie 说谎v.lie-lied-lied-lyingn.tell a lietell sb a liea white lie 善意的谎话a black lie 恶意的谎话12. Then Ill come with you, he answered. Theres always plenty to read in the waiting room!plenty (to read)不定式作定语waiting room 候诊室；候车室（waiting为动名词作定语，表某种功能）对比：a waiting car （现在分词作定语，表动作正在进行）6. insist on doing sth7. prevent sb from doing sth8. be busy doing sth9. go to the dentist 10. plenty to read【关键词组摘录】1. avoid doing sth 2. it is no use doing sth3. wave to sb4. enjoy doing sth5. No matter how【Key structure】 动名词的用法 有些动词后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。这些动词包括avoid，admit，deny，fancy，finish，enjoy，mind（在乎，在意），suggest，stand（容忍）等。有些结构通常要接动名词，如busy，worth，it is no/little use，bored with，interested in，insist on，preventfrom等： Eg: I was looking forward to reading those books. Eg: Well, you cant read them, so its no use thinking about them. 动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语（即动作执行者，而不是句子的主语）： Eg: Please excuse his not writing to you. Eg: Do you mind my smoking? come和go之后可以跟与户外活动相关的动名词（climbing，driving，fishing，riding，shopping，walking等），表示建议、邀请或叙事。【语法精粹】 动名词复合结构：由名词所有格或物主代词与动名词构成动名词复合结构多作主语或宾语, 作主语时必须是所有格(名词所有格, 形容词性物主代词), 但作宾语时可以用所有格, 也可用普通格(人称代词宾格) Eg: His leaving is a great loss. 他的离去是一个很大的损失。Eg: Mother dislikes