顺口溜巧记定语从句宾语从句

顺口溜巧记定语从句宾语从句 定语从句顺口溜 1 定从分类有奥妙 限与非限看逗号 定前必有先行词 名代两类最适宜 定从先行很紧密 代副两词拉关系 2 关系代词有六个 听我逐一来说破 which 表物人用 who 人物都有 that 顾 which 用在逗号后 意表前句你要 know who 做主语很称职 whom 用到宾语里 3 that 用法真有趣 两个地方它不去 逗号后边它不去 介词之后不考虑 4 That which 代表物 区别听我来叙述 先行若是不定代 that 就把 which 踹 先行词前有两数 就用 that 定无误 先行词前最高级 还用 that 必无疑 句中若有 there be that 应把 which 替 先行主中做表语 避免重复从句里 Just the only very same last 其后也要用 that 5 指人可用 that who 以下情况多用 who Those people 做先行 There be 的结构中 先行指人不定代 从中做主 who 要在 两个定从一起来 不要重复你有才 6 定从之中少定语 whose 为你唱一曲 Whose 指人又指物 所属关系要记住 7 As which 在句末 若有否定 as 错 句首只能用 as 还有认知猜想词 固定结构用 as the same such so as So such that 宾不离 so such as 宾要弃 8 关系代词到这里 主宾表定作用起 关系代词做宾语 省与不省全靠你 9 关系副词 when where why 从中做状莫懈怠 时间用 when 原因 why 地点 where 经常在 关系副词可替换 介词加上关系代 关系代 关系代 that 与 who 要除外 挑选介词要聪明 必看动词和先行 聪明反被聪明误 只因乱用关系副 关系副 关系副 定缺主宾它不住 它不住 它不住 关系代词来玩酷 10 只记上边不可以 特殊情况告诉你 先行用 way 做状语 in which that 略可以 one of 复做先行 从中谓语复数明 one 前若有 only very 从中谓语定用单 定从名从可转换 all that 被 what 换 定语从句顺口溜分段解析 1 定从分类有奥妙 限与非限看逗号 定语从句分为两大类 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 区分它们有两个 标准 1 从内容上看 限制性定语从句与它所修饰的先行词关系紧密 不可去 掉 去掉后意思就不完整了 非限制性定语从句只对先行词起补充说明的作用 去掉后不影响句子的完整性 2 从形式上看 限制性定语从句与先行词之间没 有逗号隔开 而非限制性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号隔开 请看例句 The girl who is wearing a blue necklace is Mary 限制性 The girl who is also a student is planting trees in the field 非限 制性 解析 第一句中的 who is wearing a blue necklace 是限制性定语从句 没有 逗号 不那去掉 否则意思不完整 定前必有先行词 名代两类最适宜 例句 1 There is somebody here who wants to speak to you 有人要和你讲话 2 Those who were for the plan raised their hands 那些赞成计划的举起了手 3 This novel which I have read three times is very touching 这本小说很动人 我已经读了三遍 解析 例句中 somebody those 是代词 novel 是名词 是被定语从句修饰的 词 叫做先行词 可以做先行词的是名词和代词两类 定从先行很紧密 代副两词拉关系 定语从句都在先行词之后 连接定从和先行词的词 叫做关系词 关系词有两 类 关系代词和关系副词 关系词要注意两点 1 它的人称 数和意思完全等 同于先行词 2 关系词在定语从句中做一定的句子成分 例句 1 The boys who are playing football are from Class One 正在踢足球的男生们是一班的 解析 who boys 在定语从句中做主语 所以其后谓语用 are 例句 2 Football is a game which is liked by most boys 足球是大多数男孩子喜欢的运动 解析 which game 在定语从句中做主语 例句 3 I still remember the day when I first came to the school 我仍然还记得第一次到学校的那一天 解析 when 是关系副词 on the day 在定语从句中做时间状语 例句 4 The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down 十年前我居住的房子已经被拆了 解析 where 是关系副词 in the house 在定语从句中做地点状语 例句 5 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane 请告诉我你没赶上飞机的原因 解析 why 是关系副词 for the reason 在定语从句中做原因状语 2 关系代词有六个 听我逐一来说破 六个关系代词是 that which who whom whose as 注意关系代词在定 语从句中做主宾表定语 which 表物人用 who 人物都有 that 顾 先行词是物 关系代词用 which 也可以用 that 先行词是人 关系代词用 who 也 可以用 that 先行词中既有人 又有物 关系代词只能用 that 例句 1 This is the mountain village which that I visited last year 这就是我去年参观的那个山村 解析 先行词 mountain village 是物 可用 which 或 that 因为定语从句中 visit 后缺宾语 说明 which 或 that 应该在定从中做宾语 所以还可以省略 例句 2 The man that whom who you met just now is my friend 你刚刚见到的那个人是我的朋友 解析 先行词 man 表人 关系词可以用 who that whom 因为定语从句中缺宾 语 关系代词应该在定语从句中做宾语 所以可以省略 另外 whom 是专门用 来做宾语用的 而 who 则只是在口语中才用 例句 3 This magazine belongs to the teacher who that teaches us history 这本杂志是我们历史老师的 解析 先行词 teacher 是人 关系代词用 who 或 that 因为在定语从句中做主 语 所以不能省略 例句 4 He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited 他谈到了他所见到的老师和学校 解析 先行词 the teachers and schools 中既有人又有物 关系代词只能用 that 又因为 that 在定语从句中做宾语 所以又可以省略 which 用在逗号后 意表前句你要 know 这是 which 用在非限制性定语从句中的一个用法 例句 1 He seems not to have grasped what I meant which greatly upsets me 他似乎没抓住我的意思 这使我心烦 解析 which 是关系代词 指代前面的一句话 他似乎没抓住我的意思 例句 2 Liquid water changes to vapor which is called evaporation 液态水变为蒸汽 这就叫做蒸发 解析 which 是关系代词 指代前面的一句话 液态水变为蒸汽 who 做主语很称职 whom 用到宾语里 先行词是表示人的词 定语从句中如果缺主语 要用 who 做关系代词 如果缺 宾语 正规场合下用 whom 口语中也可以用 who 例句 1 He is the boy who often goes to school late 他就是那个经常上学迟到的男生 解析 先行词 the boy 指人 后面的定语从句中缺少主语 因此用关系代词 who 例句 2 She is the old woman whom I saw this morning 她就是我今天早晨看到的那位老太太 解析 先行词 the old woman 指人 后面的定语从句中缺少宾语 所以用 whom 口 语中也可以用 who 3 that 用法真有趣 两个地方它不去 逗号后边它不去 介词之后不考虑 That 做为关系代词 不可用在非限制性定语从句中 即不可用在逗号后边 定 语从句中介词之后也不可使用 在逗号或介词后 指物时用 which 指人时用 who 或 whom 例句 1 They arrived at a farmhouse in front of sat a small boy A whom B who C which D that 解析 在介词 of 之后指物 选择 C which 例句 2 The engineer with my father works is about 50 years old A whose B who C which D whom 解析 选择 D whom 介词后指人 例句 3 The letter is from my sister is working in Beijing A which B that C whom D who 解析 选择 D who 逗号后指人 在定语从句中做主语 4 That which 代表物 区别听我来叙述 先行若是不定代 that 就把 which 踹 当先行词为 anything everything nothing all any much many one 等 不定代词时 只能使用 that 不用 which 例 Is there anything that I can do for you 我能给你做点什么吗 先行词前有两数 就用 that 定无误 当先行词是基数词或序数词修饰时 只能使用 that 不用 which 例句 That is the second time that I have been to Japan 那是我去日 本的第二次 The two buildings that lay on the River Thames fell down last week 坐落在泰晤士河岸边的那两座大楼上星期倒塌了 先行词前最高级 还用 that 必无疑 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时 只能使用 that 不用 which 例句 This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had 这是我度过的最美好的时光 句中若有 there be that 应把 which 替 例 There is no evidence that animals possess a mysterious sixth sense allowing them to predict natural disasters 说动物拥有神秘的第 六感 可以预知自然灾害 这是没有根据的 先行主中做表语 避免重复从句里 例句 1 This is not the hospital that it used to be 这已经不再是以前那座医院了 2 Mr Thomson is not the man that he was 汤姆森先生已经不再是以前的他了 解析 定语从句的先行词均在主句中做表语 例句 Which is the course that we are to take 我们要学哪门课 解析 句中已有 which 后面不再用 which 避免重复用 that Just the only very same last 其后也要用 that 先行词前有 Just the only very same last 等词 关系代词用 that 不用 which 例句 1 The North Pole is the only place that you can see polar bears 北极是唯一能见到北极熊的地方 2 This is the same bike that he lost 这就是他丢了的那辆自行车 注意区分 3 This is the same bike as he lost 这辆自行车和他丢的那辆一样 但不是 5 指人可用 that who 以下情况多用 who Those people 做先行 There be 的结构中 例句 1 Those who are for the plan please raise your hands 赞成计划的人请举手 2 People who create computer viruses are called hackers 制造电脑病毒的人被称为黑客 3 There was once a little boy who came to the net bar to play games every night 曾经有一个小男孩每天晚上都来网吧玩游戏 先行指人不定代 从中做主 who 要在 先行词是指人的不定代词 如 one someone anyone nobody 等词 或指 人的关系代词在定语从句中做主语 要用 who 而不用 that 例句 1 Nobody who knows a little scientific knowledge will believe you 懂得一点科学知识的人都不会相信你的话 解析 nobody 是指人的不定代词 用 who 不用 that 2 The thief who pretended to be a manager was caught stealing a car 那个装扮成经理的贼在偷车时被当场抓获 解析 who 指人 在定语从句中做主语 两个定从一起来 不要重复你有才 一个先行词有两个定语从句时 关系代词要避免重复使用 A plant that can cure diseases which was known by the ancient Chinese is called Chinese herbal medicine 一种能够治病的 被古代中 国人所熟知的植物 叫做中药 6 定从之中少定语 whose 为你唱一曲 Whose 指人又指物 所属关系要记住 Whose 也是一个关系代词 在定语从句中做定语 表示人与人 人与物或物与 物之间的所属关系 特别要注意 物与物之间的关系也用 whose 例句 1 Is there anyone in your class whose family is in the country 解析 anyone 是先行词 whose anyone s 在定语从句中做定语 例句 2 Pass me the book whose cover is red 解析 the book 是先行词 whose the book s 在定语从句中做定语 7 As which 在句末 若有否定 as 错 as 和 which 都可指代前面一句话 请看例句 1 Alice received an invitation from her boss which came as a surprise 爱丽丝受到了她老板的邀请 这使她感到吃惊 2 The weather turned out to be very good which was more than we could expect 天气结果变好了 这是我们没有预料到的 若有否定 as 错 3 The result of the experiment was very good we hadn t expected A when B that C which D what 简析 答案是 C 由于非限定性定语从句是否定结构 只能用 which 引导 不能用 as 来替代 which 句首只能用 as 还有认知猜想词 置于句首时 非限定性定语从句只能用 as 引导 例如 As is known to everybody the moon travels round the earth once every month 众所周知 月亮每月绕地球一周 与表示认知猜想的词 如 know expect see report 连用时 要用 as 1 As we know smoking is harmful to one s health 我们知道 吸烟对健康有害 2 As is expected his daughter entered a key university 正如人们所期望的那样 他的女儿考入了一所重点大学 固定结构用 as the same such so as 1 在 the same as 结构中 意思是 像 一样的 例如 Chongqing is not the same city as we have seen in other places 重庆和我们在其它地方看过的城市不一样 注意区分 the same that 请看例句 This is the same pen that I lost 这正是我所丢的钢笔 同一 This is the same pen as I lost 这支钢笔和我丢的那支一样 相似 不是一个 2 在 as as 结构中 意思是 像 那样的 例如 No period in history has had as many important changes have taken place in the past century 没有哪个历史阶段像过去的一个世 纪这样有如此多的重大变化 3 在 such as 结构中 意思是 像 那样的 例如 Mathilde had to work hard day and night and bought such a diamond necklace as she had lost to pay back to Jeanne 马帝尔德不得不日日夜夜地干活 来买一个像被她丢掉的那样的钻石项链还 给让 So such that 宾不离 so such as 宾要弃 在 so such that 结构中 that 后引导的不是定语从句 而是状语从句 从句 中必须有宾语 在 so such as 结构中 as 后引导的是定语从句 从句中不 带宾语 例如 1 He studies in such a good school that all other students in his village admire him 他在那样好的一所学校学习 以至于村子里其他的学生都很羡慕他 解析 that 后是状语从句 状语从句中有宾语 him 2 He studies in such a good school as all other students in his village admire 他在那样好的一所学校学习 村里的其它学生都很羡慕那所学校 解析 as 后是定语从句 as 代替先行词 school 在定语从句中做 admire 的宾语 8 关系代词到这里 主宾表定作用起 关系代词做宾语 省与不省全靠你 到此为止 我们一共学了六个关系代词 分别是 which that who whom whose as 这些关系代词在定语从句中可以做主语 宾语 表语和定语 关系 代词 which that whom 做宾语时 可以省略 9 关系副词 when where why 从中做状莫懈怠 时间用 when 原因 why 地点 where 经常在 定语从句中的关系副词有三个 when where 和 why 它们在定语从句中分别作 时间 地点和原因状语 when 指时间 where 指地点 why 表原因 例如 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing 我仍然记得我初次到北京的那天 The factory where his father works is in the west of the city 他父亲工作的那个工厂在城市的西郊 That is the reason why I did the job 那就是我为什么干这个活的原因 关系副词可替换 介词加上关系代 关系副词可以由介词加上 which 来替换 例如 1 This is the house where in which I lived two years ago 在这句中 where in which 2 Do you remember the day when on which you joined our club 在这句中 when on which 3 This is the reason why for which he came late 在这句中 reason for which 关系代 关系代 that 与 who 要除外 挑选介词要聪明 必看动词和先行 介词后可用关系代词 但只能用 which 或 whom 不能用 that 和 who 那么 这个介词怎么选呢 其一 可以看定语从句中的谓语动词 其二 可以看先行 词 例如 1 The pain from which the poor suffered in this area has attracted the attention of the public 本句中用 from 加 which from 与定语从句中的谓语动词搭配 suffer from 2 English is a useful tool in which I can communicate with foreign friends 本句中用 in 加 which 和先行词搭配 先行词表语言 因此用 in 聪明反被聪明误 只因乱用关系副 关系副 关系副 定缺主宾它不住 它不住 它不住 关系代词来玩酷 关系副词在定语从句中是做状语的 where 做地点状语 when 做时间状语 why 做原因状语 但要特别注意 如果定语从句中所缺的不是状语 而是主语 宾 语或表语 就不要用关系副词 而要用关系代词 例如 1 I still remember the days we spent together in the mountains last summer 先看定语从句中所缺少的句子成分 spent 是及物动词 缺宾语 因此不能 填 when 而要用关系代词 which 或 that 2 This is the house his grandfather once lived in 先看定语从句中所缺少的句子成分 lived in 明显缺宾语 in 是介词 介词后应该有宾语 所以不能填 where 而要用 which 或 that 3 Is that the reason you explained to the teacher for your being late for school 先看定语从句中所缺少的句子成分 explain 后应该跟双宾语 缺少一个宾 语 因此不能用 why 而要用 which 或 that 10 只记上边不可以 特殊情况告诉你 先行用 way 做状语 in which that 略可以 先行词是 way 表示方式 在定语从句中做方式状语 其后的关系词可以有三 种处理方式 即 in which that 或省略 例句 I like the way he smiles I like the way that he smiles I like the way in which he smiles one of 复做先行 从中谓语复数明 one 前若有 only very 从中谓语定用单 例句 Ling Qing is one of the volunteers who are ready to go to the countryside Ling Qing is the only one of the volunteers who is ready to go to the countryside 定从名从可转换 all that 被 what 换 名词性从句中的 what whatever whoever 等词 在句中做主语 宾语或表语时 可以转换成定语从句 例句 1 I don t believe whatever he says I don t believe anything that he says 2 Whoever breaks the law will be punished Anyone who breaks the law will be punished 3 The driver didn t hear what the policeman said The driver didn t hear the words that the policeman said 4 The students can do all that they can to help the old teacher The students can do what they can to help the old teacher 定语从句练习题 1 There is somebody here wants to speak to you A that B who C which D when 2 Charles Smith was my former teacher retired last year A who B that C which D whom 3 This novel I have read three times is very touching A that B C which D what 4 He seems not to have grasped what I meant greatly upsets me A what B who C whom D which 5 Do you like the book color is yellow A which B which s C whose D whom 6 The school in he once studied is very famous A where B which C that D who 7 We ll go to hear the famous singer we have often talked about A for whom B on who C D which 8 He loved his parents deeply both of are very kind to him A them B that C who D whom 9 There are forty students in our class in all and most of are from big cities A whom B which C whom D them 10 The reason which he refused the invitation is not clear A why B for C on D that 11 This is the mountain village I visited last year A B where C at which D in which 12 I ll never forget the days I spent in the countryside A which B when C with whom D on which 13 Is this museum you visited a few days ago A where B that C on which D the one 14 Is this the museum the exhibition was held A where B that C on which D the one 15 spits in public will be punished here A Whoever B Who C Whom D Whose 16 we know smoking is harmful to one s health A Which B Who C Like D As 17 The weather turned out to be very good was more than we could expect A what B which C that D it 18 I have got into the same trouble he has A that B as C like D which 19 Finally the thief handed everything he had stolen to the police A that B what C which D who 20 After the fire in his house the old car is the only thing he owned A as B that C which D where 21 Can you remember the scientist and his theory we have learned A that B who C which D as 22 Do you remember the day you joined our club A in which B that C which D when 宾语从句 巧记宾语从句 宾语从句歌诀 宾语从句三姊妹 that if whether wh how 展风采 展风采有三关 引导词 语序 时态在把关 主从时态要一致 陈述语序永不变 陈述请你选 that 疑问需用 if whether 连 特殊问句作宾从 原来问词不用换 三关过后莫得意 人称 标点需注意 留意变脸的 if when 从句的简化记心间 歌诀解码 一 三姊妹 宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型 1 由 that 引导的宾语从句 如 We knew that we should learn from each other 2 由 if whether 引导的宾语从句 如 Please tell me if whether you have been to America 3 由 who where how 等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句 如 Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office 二 三关 1 引导词关 如果从句是陈述句 引导词用 that that 在口语或非正式文体中常省略 如果从句是一般疑问句 引导词用 if whether 如果从句是特殊疑问句 引导 词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词 副词 2 语序关 陈述句变为宾语从句 语序不变 即仍用陈述语序 如 He is an honest boy The teacher said The teacher said that he was an ho