初中英语宾语从句专项语法讲解

初中英语宾语从句专项语法讲解 在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句 1 语序 语序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句 宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序 即 主句 连 词 宾语从句 主语 谓语 句式 根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分 可分 为以下四种 1 连接词 谓语 连接词 谓语 连接词在从句中作主语 常见的连接词有 who what which 等 如 Could you tell me who knows the answer please 你能告诉我谁知道答案吗 The small children don t know what is in their stockings 这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么 东西 2 连接词 名词 谓语 连接词 名词 谓语 连接词在从句中作主语的定语 常见的连接词有 whose what which how many how much 等 如 He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class 他问我们班上谁的书法最好 The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room 老师问我们房间里有多少人 3 连接词 主语 谓语 连接词 主语 谓语 连接词在从句中作宾语 状语或表语 常见的连接词有 who m what which how many how much when why how where if whether 在句中不充当任何成分 等 如 He hasn t decided if he ll go on a trip to Wuxi 他还没决定是否去无锡旅行 Could you tell me what I should do with the money 你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗 4 连接词 名词 主语 谓语 连接词 名词 主语 谓语 连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语 常见的连接词 有 what which how many how much how 等 如 Do you know which class he is in 你知道他在哪个班吗 She asked me if I knew whose pen it was 她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔 2 连接词 连接词 1 当由陈述句充当宾语从句时 用 that 引导 that 无词义 在口语或非正式文体中常 省略 如 He said that he could finish his work before supper 他说他会在晚饭前完成工作 2 当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时 用 if 或 whether 引导 意为 是否 如 I don t know if whether he still lives here after so many years 我不知道这么多年后他 是否还住在这儿 但在下列情况下只能用 whether 在具有选择意义 又有 or 或 or not 时 尤其是直接与 or not 连用时 往往用 whether if or not 也可以使用 如 Let me know whether if he will come or not Let me know whether or not he will come 让我知道他是否能来 I don t know whether if he does any washing or not I don t know whether or not he does any washing 我不知道他洗不洗衣服 I wonder whether we stay or whether wego 我不知道我们是去还是留 在介词之后用 whether 如 I m interested in whether he likes English 我关心的是他是否喜欢英语 We re thinking about whether we can finish the work on time 我们正在考虑是否能按时完 成这项工作 I worry about whether I hurt her feelings 我担心是否伤了她的感情 在不定式前用 whether 如 He hasn t decided whether to visit the old man 他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人 I don t know whether to go 我不知去否 He hasn t decided whether to go by bus or by train 他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去 whether 置于句首时 不能换用 if 如 Whether this is true or not I can t say 这是否真的我说不上来 引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用 whether 如 Whether she will come or not is still a question 她是否能来还是个问题 The question is whether we can catch the bus 问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车 若用 if 会引起歧义时 则用 whether 如 Please let me know if you like the book 可理解为 a Please let me know whether you like the book 请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书 b If you like the book please let me know 你如果喜欢这本书 请告诉我 3 如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句 只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导 如 Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning 你能告诉我今天早上你 为什么开会迟到吗 3 时态 时态 含宾语从句的复合句 主 从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容 1 如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时 从句的谓语动词可根据需要 选用相应的任何 如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时 从句的谓语动词可根据需要 选用相应的任何 时态 时态 如 I don t know when he will come back 我不知道他将何时回来 He tells me that his sister came back yesterday 他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了 2 如果主句的谓语动词是过去时 宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要 选用过去时态 如果主句的谓语动词是过去时 宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要 选用过去时态 即一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式 如 即一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式 如 The children didn t know who he was 孩子们不知道他是谁 He asked his father how it happened 他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的 3 如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实 普遍真理 自然现象或习惯性动作等 不管主 如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实 普遍真理 自然现象或习惯性动作等 不管主 句用什么时态 从句时态都用一般现在时 如 句用什么时态 从句时态都用一般现在时 如 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun 老师说地球绕着太阳转 4 注意 注意 if 和 when 既可以引导宾语从句 也可以引导状语从句 应注意它们在两种从句中的意 思和用法的不同 if 和 when 引导宾语从句时 分别意为 是否 和 何时 其时态应和 主句时态相呼应 它们引导状语从句时 意思分别为 如果 假如 和 当 时候 当 主句时态是一般将来时时 其时态用一般现在时 它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句 的题干中进行综合考查 如 Do you know when he will come back tomorrow 你知道他明天什么时候回来吗 Sorry I don t know When he comes back I ll tell you 对不起 不知道 当他回来 了 我将告诉你 I don t know if he will come 我不知道他是否会来 He will come if it doesn t rain 如果不下雨 他会来的 简化宾语从句常用六法 同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句 使其与原句意思相同 或相 近 的试题 下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法 方法一 方法一 当主句谓语动词是 hope decide wish choose agree promise 等 且宾 语从句的主语与主句主语一致时 宾语从句可简化为不定式结构 例如 Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon Li Ming hopes to be back very soon We decided that we would help him We decided to help him 方法二方法二 当主句谓语动词是 know learn remember forget tell 等动词 且主句主语 与从句主语一致时 宾语从句可简化为 疑问词 不定式 结构 例如 She has forgotten how she can open the window She has forgotten how to open the window 注 当主句谓语动词是 tell ask show teach 等动词 且后带双宾语 从句 主语和间接宾语一致时 宾语从句可简化为 疑问词 不定式 结构 例如 Could you tell me how I can get to the station Could you tell me how to get to the station 方法三 方法三 当主句的谓语动词是 order 命令 require 需要 等时 如果主句和从句的主 语不一致 宾语从句可简化为 名词 代词 不定式 结构 例如 The headmaster ordered that we should start at once The headmaster ordered us to start at once 方法四 方法四 某些动词后的宾语从句 可以用介词加动名词 短语 等其他形式简化 例如 He insisted that he should go with us He insisted on going with us The poor boy doesn t know when and where he was born The poor boy doesn t know the time and the place of his birth 方法五方法五 某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为 宾语 V ing 形式 作宾语补足语 结构例 如 Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground 方法六 方法六 动词 seem 后的宾语从句 也可以用不定式 短语 来简化 但句型需要进行适 当的变化 例如 It seemed that the boys were going to win The boys seemed to win 除上述方法外 还有一些特殊句式的转化 例如 I found that it was difficult to learn English well I found it difficult to learn English well Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow They found that the box was very heavy They found the box very heavy 初中英语宾语从句语法专项精选试题习题初中英语宾语从句语法专项精选试题习题 一一 1 The girls asked if they some food and drink with them A took B take C takes D will take 2 Catherine said that she to Guangzhou A has never gone B had never gone C has never been D had never been 3 The students want to know whether they dictation today A had B has C will have D are 4 She asked Linda if go and get some A could she B she could C she can D she may 5 Linda said the moon round the earth A travelled B has travelled C travells D had travelled 答案 1 5 A D C B C 习题 二 1 Can you tell me you were born Betty A who B what C when D that 2 I don t know they have passed the exam A what B if C when D where 3 I hardly understand he has told me A that B what C which D who 4 She didn t know back soon A whether he would be B if would he be C he will be 5 I don t know he still lives here after so many years A whether B where C what D when 6 Do you know they listened to yesterday evening A what B when C why D how 7 He asked me told me the accident A whom B which C who D whose 答案 1 7 C B B A A A C 习题 三 1 They don t know their parents are A that B what C why D which 2 Please tell me what last year A where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked 3 She asked me if I knew A whose pen is it B whose pen it was C whose pen it is D whose pen was it 4 You must remember A what your mother said B what did your mother say C your mother said what D what has your mother said 5 Did you know A who he was looking after B who was he looking for C who he is looking for D who he is looking after 6 Could you tell me A when will they leave Beijing B when would they leave Beijing C when they will leave Beijing D when did they leave Beijing 答案 1 6 B D B A A C 习题 四 1 In the bookshop a reader asked the shop keeper Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book 北京市东城区 A that B how C whatD if 2 I don t know Mr Green will come to see us He will help us with our English 杭州