中考英语专题复习---句子种类和成分(2)

句子种类和成分句子种类和成分 一般疑问句 1 把 be 动词 助动词 情态动词置于句首 2 直接用 yes 或 no 来回答 3 如果提问人对答案没有肯定或否定的意向 句中常用非肯定词 如 Are there any trees in the garden 院子里有树吗 如果提问人希望得到肯定的回答 则句中常用肯定词 如 Would you like some drink 你想喝点什么吗 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句是用疑问代词或疑问副词提问的句子 不用 yes 或 no 回答 而是根据具体情况进 行回答 1 疑问词作句子的宾语 状语 表语或修饰这三种成分时 用 疑问词 一般疑问句 结构 如 How did you come here 你怎么来这里的 2 疑问词作主语或主语的定语时 用陈述句语序 如 Whose father works in Shanghai 谁的父亲在上海工作 3 特殊疑问词有 when where what who whom whose which why how how many how much how soon how often how old 等 选择疑问句 由 一般疑问句 or 供选择的部分 构成 不能用 yes 或 no 来回答 如 Is it the name of a book or a movie 它是一本书还是一部电影的名字 It s the name of a book 它是一本书的名字 反意疑问句 1 构成 陈述句 简略问句 遵循原则 前肯定 后否定 前否定 后肯定 简略问句的主语与陈述句的主语保持一致 且只能用相应 的人称代词 there 除外 简略问句的谓语动词也与陈述句的谓语保持一致 如果是否定 一定 要用缩写 如 Your brother went home didn t he 你哥哥回家了 是吗 There are many flowers in the box aren t there 盒子里有很多花 是吗 2 陈述句用 I m 结构时 简略问句一般用 aren t I 3 陈述句中有 little few no never nothing nobody hardly 等表示否定意义的词时 简略问句 用肯定形式 如 There is little milk in the bottle is there 瓶子里没多少牛奶了 是吗 4 陈述句主语为不定代词 nothing something anything 时 简略问句的主语用代词 it 陈述句 主语为不定代词 everyone noone someone everybody nobody anybody 时 简略问句的主语常 用代词 they 有时也用 he 5 陈述句的主语是指示代词 this 或 that 时 简略问句的主语用 it 陈述句的主语是 these 或 those 时 简略问句的主语用 they 6 陈述句部分如果是 I don t think believe suppose 宾语从句 结构 简略问句的主语和谓 语应与宾语从句中的主语和谓语保持一致 如 I don t think he is right is he 我认为他不对 是吧 7 陈述句部分含有情态动词 must 表示猜测 一定是 必定 时 简略问句部分与 must 后面 的部分保持一致 不能用 mustn t 当 must 表示 一定要 必须 时 简略问句部分用 needn t 如 You must be a lawyer aren t you 你一定是个律师 是不是 He must return tomorrow needn t he 他明天必须回去 是不是 We mustn t speak loudly in the library must we 我们不应该在图书馆大声喧哗 对不对 8 祈使句的反意疑问句 肯定祈使句 will you won t you 否定祈使句 will you Let s shall we 包括对方 Let us will you 不包括对方 9 感叹句的反意疑问句一律用否定式 并用 be 动词的一般现在时 如 What a fine day isn t it 多好的天气呀 不是吗 10 对反意疑问句作答时 需根据其实际情况而定 实际情况是肯定的 则用 Yes 肯定结构 实际情况是否定的 则用 No 否定结构 如 You won t go there will you 你不会去那里 对吗 Yes I will 不 我会去 祈使句 祈使句用以表示命令 请求 叮嘱或建议 主语通常省略 肯定式谓语动词用原形 否定式用 Don t Never 动词原形 如 Turn on the light 开灯 Don t turn on the light 不要开灯 感叹句 感叹句通常用 what 或 how 引导 用来表示强烈的感情 感叹句的基本句型有 1 以 how 开头的感叹句 1 How 形容词 副词 主语 谓语 How high the building is 这楼真高 2 How 形容词 副词 省略主语和谓语 How interesting it is 真有趣 3 how 还可修饰动词 句型是 How 主语 谓语 如 How they need a good teacher 他们是多么需要一位好老师呀 2 以 what 开头的感叹句 1 What a an 形容词 名词 主语 谓语 What a beautiful flower it is 多美丽的一朵花啊 What fine weather 多好的天气 2 What a an 名词 省略主语和谓语 What a pity 真遗憾 句子成分句子成分句子的成分包括 主语 谓语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 同位语和 宾语补足语 见下表 句子成分 构成 例句 主语 名词 主格代词 数词 动词不定式 动名词等 That man looks strange 那个人看起来很奇怪 谓语 动词 一般位于主语之后 He puts the book on the table 他把书放 在桌上 宾语 名词 宾格代词 数词 动词不定式 动名词等 waited for the bus for half an hour 我等公交车等了半小时 表语 在连系动词之后的形容词 副词 名词 代词 不定式 介词短语等 The weather is wet in the southern part 在南部 气候潮湿 定语 形容词 副词 代词 数词 名词 动词不定式 介词短语等 The boy in blue is Tom 穿蓝色衣服的男孩是汤姆 状语 副词 介词短语 分词和分词短语 不定式等 The girl lives in America 这个女孩住在美国 宾语补足语 形容词 副词 名词 代词 数词 不定式 分词等 We found him alone by thelake 我们发现他独自一人在湖边 同位语 名词 数词 代词或从句 We Chinese won t give in to difficulties 我们中国人不会向困难低头 1 You haven t been to the West Lake have you But I will go there with my parents this summer vacation A No I haven t B No I didn t C Yes I have D yes I did 2 delicious food my mother cooks every day A What a B What C How 3 interesting book it is A How B What C What an D How a 4 Rose we will start at six tomorrow morning Don t be late I ll be there on time A won t you Yes I will B will you Yes I will C will you No I won t D won t you No I won t 5 Alice had nothing for breakfast this morning No She got up too late A had she B hadn t she C did she D didn t she 6 I hear the tall girl wearing glasses is your new classmate She s from Ame rica A has she B isn t she C hasn t she D does she 7 There is something wrong with your bike Yes I ll have it tomorrow A isn t it mend B isn t there mended C isn t it mended D isn t there mend 8 good time we had at the party last night Yes It was exciting party that I would never forget it A What so B How such C What a such an D How a so an 9 cute the monkeys are when they ask for food A How B What C What a 10 is the history of Tsinghua University 100 years A How soon B How long C How far 11 The students in Class Two played basketball against Class One yesterday A did they B didn t they C weren t they 12 Let s go to the cinema to see a film A will you B shall we C won t you D don t you 13 Peter do you visit your grandparents Twice a month A how long B how soon C how far D how often 14 delicious beef Well You can eat more if you like it A What B What a C How D How a 15 Don t open the door A aren t you B don t you C will you 16 The boy has a new MP4 A doesn t he B isn t he C does he D is he 17 will you come back In an hour A How soon B How often C How far D How long 18 Let s go to the zoo by taxi Maybe we can go there It s not far A won t you on foot B won t you by foot C shall we by foot D shall we on foot 19 sad